Tasks must be graded and sequenced from the easy one to the difficult one. In reading and listening skills, input becomes an important part that must be
sequenced. Grammatical factors influence the complexity of the input. The difficulty will be affected by the length of a text, propositional density, the
amount of low-frequency vocabulary, the speed of spoken text and the number of speakers involved, the explicitness of the information, the discourse structure and
the clarity with which it signaled Nunan, 2004. In addition, the same input can be used for more than one task with different level of task difficulty. It can be
done by adjusting the procedural demands on the learners. Tasks must also be sequenced from the less demanding to the more
demanding, moving from comprehension-based procedures to controlled production activities and exercises, and finally to ones requiring authentic
communicative interaction Nunan, 2004.
B. Conceptual Framework
Material is a crucial aspect in English teaching and learning process. However, it is difficult to find English materials for vocational high schools
especially that focus on Visual Communication Design program, based on Curriculum 2013. By developing English learning materials for grade ten students
of Visual Communication Design program that based on their needs and Curriculum 2013 using scientific approach, it is expected that the materials will
support the teaching and learning process and help the students develop their English competence to prepare themselves to enter the labor-market.
There are some factors that need to be considered in developing English materials for Visual Communication Design program,
English for Vocational High Schools is categorized as English for Specific Purposes ESP since it focuses on a specific field. The first step of ESP is
conducting needs analysis. In this research, the needs analysis is conducted through questionnaire. The questionnaire analyzes the students target needs and
learning needs. The materials which are developed in the form of students’ book consist of
some units. The units are built around themes that support goals or objectives of the study. A unit consists of several tasks that enable the students to achieve the
goal. The tasks are sequenced from the easiest to the hardest one and from receptive to productive activities. The tasks also applied scientific approach that
consists of six steps; observing, questioning, collecting data, analyzing data, communicating, and creating.
The last factor needs to be considered in developing the materials is material evaluation. In this study, the expert of materials will be asked to give a
judgment which includes the measurement of the appropriateness of the content, the language, the presentation, and the graphic.
This study needs to be conducted since it aims at finding out the target needs and the learning needs of grade ten students of Visual Communication
Design program and develop the appropriate learning materials for them based on Curriculum 2013 because there is an absence of existence of the appropriate
materials.
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter describes the method of the research. The description is organized into six subheadings: type of the research; population and sample of the
research; setting of the research; data collection technique and instrument; data analysis technique; and procedure of the research.
A. Type of the Research
The study is categorized as Research and Development RD since the aim and result of the research is to develop a product i.e., a set of materials that
can be used in an educational program.
B. Population and Sample
In conducting the study, two different population were taken by the researcher in which the samples were taken randomly.
a. Grade ten students of Visual Communication Design program of SMK
Koperasi Yogyakarta. The first sample was labeled as subject. b.
An English lecturer in English Education Department of Yogyakarta State University. The second sample was labeled as evaluator.
C. Setting of the Research
The research took place in SMK Koperasi Yogyakarta that is located at Jalan Kapas 5 Yogyakarta. It has three study programs, those are accounting,
marketing, and visual communication design program. There are three classes of accounting, two classes of marketing, and one class of visual communication
