Participant’s Background Fourth Participant Garnis

“...some parts of the movie reflect the life in Moslem Java society, like women should obey the husband or men. Until today we can see this kind of thing.” Moreover, when asked which part she disagrees wi th, she added that there‟s a part in the movie that doesn‟t match with the real life of Javanese Moslem family, “All of the women‟s activities that are forbidden by the father, like horse-riding. I think it‟s okay if women do horse-riding. There‟s no rule, there‟s no government regulation.” Overall, though she likes the movie since it‟s Islamic one, she admitted that there are some issues in the movie that are controversial which she disagrees with, like gender unfairness. 4.3.Physical and Sexual Violence When asked about her response to physical violence shown in the movie, Garnis gave her negative attitude towards it. She dislikes the way Samsudin treated Anisa which is so harsh and rude. She also commented on the way decision making was authorized by the husband. “The husband was so harsh. And I totally disagree with it because maybe he thought that he is the leader of his family so all of the decision sh ould be taken by him.” She also expressed her dislike to the physical violence that was done many times by the husband since she believes that women are supposed to be treated well. “It‟s cruel... Because he‟s not supposed to do that to women. Women should be treated well.” What is interesting from her response is that when she related it with her own life experience, she explained further that even by only being shouted at someone, she felt so much hurt. Personally, she cannot accept any form of violence, whether it‟s physically or verbally. Based on her own perspective and experience, even shouting is considered as violence in her family. “Personally, as a woman, I think, me myself, when someone shout at me or act harshly, for me it‟s an abuse, because in my family, my father and mother never shout at me...” When discussing about physical violence that happen in real life, especially in Javanese Moslem context, she firmly said that there isn‟t any physical abuse that happens in her society. Although she claimed that in the society where she lives there‟s no physical violence that happen, she admitted that there‟s still mental abuse that happened in an Islam family in her society. “There‟s a man, a father. If he wants his children to do something, but the children didn‟t want to, the father would say rude words harshly. For me who hear such things, I think it‟s bad, I disagree. In Javanese, we call it as „nyepatani‟ or cussing. People in my neighborhood who heard the father cussed his son and daughter like that, also feel uncomfortable because the words are too harsh.” Based on her personal view, if men love women, men are not supposed to do violence. She suggested that men can find another way to express what they want without doing any violence against women. Overall, she totally disagrees with any physical violence especially against Islam women. Shouting which for her is mental abuse against women is intolerable for her, moreover any kind of physical abuse which is totally hurtful. Proceeding to the discussion about sexual abuse, Garnis did n‟t give much comment because this topic is quite controversial and sensitive to talk about. She generally felt uncomfortable to see the scene where Samsudin, the husband forced Anisa to have sex. She expressed her dis agreement toward sexual abuse that‟s shown in the movie. Based on her personal view, it‟s actually illogical, how can a husband rape his own wife in the marriage relationship. She even called it as a rape. She personally believes that making love should be based on love because how can a woman make love with a man she does not love at all. Garnis considers Anisa‟s refusal to have sexual relationship neither as a form of rebellion of a wife nor as disobedience toward her Imam. “Yes, it is a rape because the woman didn‟t want to do that. The husband should respect what the woman want. Maybe the woman has a reason. Ya, like how can we make love with someone we don‟t love.” Furthermore, she claimed that she cannot accept any sexual abuse against women at all. Whatever the reason is, everything t hat‟s done with forcing is considered as violence. Like the other participants, she totally disagrees with sexual abuse against Moslem women since it doesn‟t only hurt, but also breaks women‟s self-respect. 4.4.Women Oppression and Gender Inequality in Islam After discussing about physical and sexual abuse shown in the movie, she admitted that women oppression in Islam really happens especially in Moslem Javanese context. She claimed that she often heard that about domestic violence in the news media. It made her think that women are oppressed in the society. Even though she witnessed that there‟s no physical violence happen in her society, she confirmed that there exists what is called as women oppression. Moslem women can be oppressed, not always physically abused, but it also can be mentally. It leads her to think about men and women‟s position in the society. “... Because I often hear that domestic violence is still becoming the trending topic in news media. It shows that women‟s position is still considered lower than men, and weak.” The word weak represents women‟s inability and poor position in the family, especially in wife-husband relationship. Yet, she still believes that men and women are still equal in Islam. The difference is just about the position in the society. Though men are considered have more power and responsibility, it still can be equal if women can take part and show their power in their relationship with men. “...But, we cannot say men and women are not equal because they both have same power. It just depends on the women‟s way to express or show off the powerness.” What makes her argument interesting is that she claimed that she expects gender equality in Islam though her family has already had treated male and female family members equally . Here it means that she still sees that there‟s gender inequality in Islam. She emphasized the equality must be something to do with decision making which should be shared together, not only decided by men. She also added that men should respect what women want too. Discussing about gender inequality in Islam, she gave a quite extreme comment about interpretation of men as Imam in Islam family: “In Islam, Imam itself actually is the man who leads Sholat. So in Sholat, the man is sitting in the front, and women are sitting at the back. It‟s just the way it is from the Arab culture, I don‟t know why. But it doesn‟t mean that in the real life women should be at the back of men. So for me personally, I think they have wrong perception or interpretation about Imam or leader. Because Imam is just for Sholat, i t doesn‟t mean that men are leader of your life. ” Believing that there must be misinterpretation about Imam in Islam, she argues that men should be leader in Sholat only, not the ones who can lead the entire life of their wives. She also added that this misinterpretation which leads Moslem men to do violence against women. Men‟s mindset about themselves as powerful ones makes them to think to misuse their authority to oppress women violently. “Because they have mindset that because they are Imam, they can do everything. They have more power than others... No matter that whether it‟s good or even bad as violence.” Moreover, she gave an interesting point of view about misinterpretation of Al-Quran in Islam: “The society who still live traditionally, they tend to be fanatic. They think that this is the way we live based on Al- Qur‟an, without applying it in their real life. They just try to read and understand, without thinking further whether living here is different to Arab‟s living. It‟s different.” Similar with Novia‟s argument, she believes that what happened in Moslem Javanese society, including violence against women, is the implication of misinterpretation toward Al- Quran itself. Moslem Javanese people just took it for granted without thinking to adjust and adapt with the culture here which must be different to Arab‟s – basic culture of Al-Quran.

5. Fifth Participant Tiwi

5.1. Participant’s Background

The last participant, Tiwi, is an ED student year 2009. She was born in Salatiga too, where she also was grown up and lives up to now. She admitted that her family doesn‟t follow any certain Islam stream, neither Muhammadyah nor NU. Regarding her opinion about men and women in Islam, she claimed that men and women should be at the same position neither higher nor lower than each other. She believes that Islam women should be respected equally as father and husband in the family. Moreover , she expressed that she‟s more flexible as a Moslem woman since her family is also not too fanatic. It can bring another point of view from other participants. 5.2.General Impression toward the Movie When asked about her general impression she tended to give explanation of how the portrayal in the movie about Islam is not the same with the reality rather than commenting much on the movie itself. She believes that what was portrayed in the movie only happens in certain place in Indonesia so that it‟s not representative enough to be called as a portrayal of Moslem Javanese culture. “In general, I can say that it maybe the few phenomena in certain place in Indonesia. But I think, in that movie we can see that the men can oppress the women... But the truth in Islam religion, it‟s not right if men do something like that.” However, it doesn‟t mean that she disagrees with the movie because she considered the movie as a cultural product which can be made freely by anyone. “I think everybody has freedom to speech, freedom to express what they feel, and what they see. I think it‟s okay if this movie portrays this kind of phenomena.” Overall, she gave positive impression toward the movie as a literature product, but she quite disagrees with how violence is portrayed in the movie with Moslem Javanese culture as its background. 5.3.Physical and Sexual Violence Commenting about physical violence, Tiwi gave her justification about physical violence in the movie which actually is caused by misinterpretation toward verses in Al- Quran. She believes that what happened in the movie has nothing to do with Islam religion because it‟s human‟s mistake in interpreting Al-Quran wrongly. To be more specific, she argued that the role of a man to be a leader of family is misinterpreted and misused to do violence against women. Samsudin, the husband, made use of his position and power in the family to oppress Anisa and even violate against her. So Tiwi believes that there‟s nothing wrong about either the verses in Al-Quran about this role or the religion itself, yet it‟s naturally human s‟ mistake. “...So when men do violence towards women, as I said before, it‟s because the misinterpretation based on the Al- Qur‟an itself. Because Al-Qur‟an actually does not allow this kind of action, the violence.” In expressing her disagreement toward the violence against Moslem women she added that not only Islam, but all religions prohibit everybody to do violence. She believes that men and women live to be protected and love each other, not to do any violence like the movie shown. She argued that what‟s supposed to happen is both men and women have to be treated well and respected equally in Islam family. “I believe when you live in marriage life, then both of men and women have like equal right to be treated well. So the husband will treat the wife well. And then the wife also will treat the husband well. That‟s what has to be happened actually.” Similar to the previous participant, she claimed that in her own environment where she lives there‟s no such violence case in Islam family in which the man oppress his wife like in the movie. Though she did not witness any violence in her environment, she admitted that such violence against Moslem women still happens in the society of Moslem Java outside her environment. She still believes that such violence is caused by misinterpretation toward Al- Quran‟s verses and abuse of power done by men. Overall, she disagrees with physical violence that happened either in the movie or in the real society – Moslem Javanese one, because it‟s not what Al-Quran said or allowed to do. When asked about her response toward sexual abuse shown in the movie, she also did not give much comment about it. It might be because in Javanese culture, it‟s still considered taboo for women to talk about sexual things, so that she did not feel comfortable to talk about it. Yet, she definitely disagrees with sexual abuse against women because it breaks women‟s honor as God‟s creation which should be respected and praised. In the movie context, she argued that sexual abuse done by the husband could happen no t only because of the men‟s abuse of power but also due to woman‟s weakness. Weakness here refers to th e condition in which she was forced and couldn‟t escape from. “...Anisa is portrayed in the complicated condition. In the very first place, she has to obey the father‟s advice. They have to save the „pesantren‟ by marrying this man...”