10 planning which decides how something looks and works with three essential
elements in it. Thus, with designing the researcher can arrange a set of English materials appropriately. In this study, the researcher design a set of integrated
reading writing materials of Self-Access Centre for the tenth grade students in
SMK Negeri 2 depok
.
2. Integrated Skill
According to Oxford 2001, integrated skill is the combination of two or more skills within a communicative task. In line with the theory, the researcher
concludes that integrated skill is two or more skills that are connected to each
other. In this study, the researcher designs materials which integrate the reading and writing skills.
3. Reading
Grabe and Stoller 2002 state “Reading is an ability to find out the meaning of words in printed page and interpret this information appropriate
ly” p. 9. Hence, in reading, the readers are expected to be able to get the main idea of
the text in order to get some information in the text. In line with the theory, the researcher concludes that reading is about how the readers are able to obtain
information in the text accurately. In this study, the researcher gives more emphasis on reading comprehension and writing as the follow-up activities.
4. Writing
According to Sokolik as cited by Nunan 2003: 88, “Writing is the mental work of inventing ideas, thinking about how to express them, and organizing them
into statements and paragraphs that will be clear to reader s.” It means that in
11 writing, the writers are expected to be able to express their ideas through their
written texts. Besides, the writers then have to choose the best topic to give impression to the readers. In line with the theory, the researcher concludes that
writing is an ability to express the writers‟ ideas in the statements or paragraphs clearly. In this study, the researcher tries to integrate reading and writing which
are closely related to each other.
5. Self-Access Center SAC
According to Benson as cited by Nunan 2003: 291, “Self-Access Center
SAC is an open access resource center containing authentic print, audio, and video target language materials.” In line with the theory, the researcher concludes
that SAC is a place outside the classroom where the students might learn English as the target language through those media as the materials. The provided media is
used to help the students to improve their ability in learning English independently. Therefore, each material provides language focus in order to help
the students to learn about some useful information on the activities and some curricular objectives. Besides, the materials provide answer key in order to help
the students to check their work and at last assess their work. Thus, the students can learn from their mistakes by checking the answer key and language focus. In
this study, the researcher is going to design integrated reading writing materials to be implemented in SAC.
12
6. The Tenth Grade Students of
SMK Negeri 2 Depok
In this study, the researcher conducted the research in
SMK Negeri 2 Depok
, an engineering institution, which formerly called as
STM Pembangunan Yogyakarta
. This school provided four years education period with 15 classes and 32 students for each class. The tenth grade students of vocational school are those
who are in the first year of
SMK
, which stands for “
Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan
”. The students reach this level after graduating from Elementary school and Junior
High School which is called as nine years basic education.
13
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter is aimed to review some theories related to the study. Hence, the researcher divides this chapter into two major sub-headings namely
Theoretical Description and Theoretical Framework. Theoretical Description provides the theoretical issues related to the problems, while the Theoretical
Framework explains further about theories in order to formulate the orientation of the study.
A. Theoretical Description
In this section, the researcher discusses some related theories in designing integrated reading writing materials of Self-Access Centre in
SMK Negeri 2 Depok
. The review on the related literature covers Instructional Design Model, Reading, Writing, Integrated skill, Task-Based Learning and Self-Access Center.
1. Instructional Design Model
The instructional design model used by the researcher as the related literature is Kemp‟s model. It is used to find out the goals, topics, learning
objectives of instructional design, teaching learning activities and resources, and evaluation. There are some approaches and procedures described here that will be
called as instructional design. According to Kemp 1977, this model is designed to answer three questions; they are What must be learned? Objective, What
procedures and resources will work best to reach the desired learning levels? Activities and resources, and How will we know when the required learning has
