20
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter is aimed to present the research method, research setting, research participants, instruments and data gathering technique, data analysis
technique, and research procedure.
A. Research Method
To conduct this research, the researcher used Action Research. Mills 2003 as cited in Hopkins 2008 described the understanding of Action Research:
Action research is any systematic inquiry conducted by teacher researchers to gather information about the ways that their particular school operates, how
they teach, and how well their students learn. The information is gathered with the goals of gaining insight, developing reflective practice, effecting positive
changes in the school environment and on educational practices in general, and improving student outcomes. p. 48
From the expert definition above, it could be concluded that Action Research is aimed to gain information about the way of the
teachers’ teaching and their students
’ learning activity. After collecting the information about those things, the teacher could develop their teaching and help the students to study and understand
the lesson better. Therefore, this research was conducted in order to analyze the implementation of Student Teams-Achievement Divisions STAD to teach
vocabulary to the VII C students of SMP Negeri 6 Yogyakarta.
21 According to Lewin 1946 as cited in Hopkins 2008 Action Research,
consisted of analysis fact-finding, conceptualization, planning execution, more fact-finding or evaluation, and then a repetition of this whole circle of activities.
Hence, this research was conducted in the aforementioned circle. There were plan, action, observe, and reflect in each cycle of this research
Figure 3.1 Action Research Process
1. Step 1 : Plan
According to Ary, Jacobs, and Sorensen 2010 “a plan is developed for
taking action andor gathering information and data in order to observe or capture the experience or monitor the practice
” p. 519. In this step, the researcher made plans to do the research and made the research instruments to gather the data.
22 2.
Step 2 : Act Ary et al. 2010 explain
“the researcher implements the plan or changes a practice and collects data. Data may be collected fr
om a variety of sources” p.519. In this step, the researcher collected the data by conducting the teaching
activity and research. The instruments which were used were observation checklist, interview guide, questionnaire, and test.
3. Step 3 : Observe
According to Ary et al 2010 “in this step the researcher synthesizes and
analyzes the data collected ” p. 519. The data from the observation checklist,
interview guide, questionnaire, and test which had been collected were synthesized and analyzed.
4. Step 4 : Reflect
Ary et al 2010 state “the researcher reflects on and interprets the
information and c ommunicates or reports it” p. 519. In this step, the researcher
made the conclusion of the problems which were faced by the students based on the gathered data.
B. Research Setting
