work are formed in smooth expressions which stressed by the researcher as a focus.
The materials of content analysis study are often imposed in literary works dealing with public’s interest, prophetic and doctrinal issues. The kind of
works voices the nobility of moral values. These works are written the religious literary work, the philosophical literary work, and the advised
literary work.
C. Ideology
H. First of all, ideology can refer to a
systematic body of ideas articulated by a particular group of people. For example, we could speak of ‘professional ideology’ to refer to the ideas which inform the
practices of particular oppress ional groups. We could also speak of the ‘ideology of the labor party’. Here we would be referring to the collection of political, economic
and social ideas, which inform the aspirations, and activities of the party. I.
A second definition suggests a certain masking, distortion, concealment. Ideology is used here to indicate how some
cultural texts and practices present distorted images of reality. They produce what is called ‘false consciousnesses. Such distortions, it is argued, work in the interest of
the powerful against the interests of the powerless. Using this definition, we might speak of capitalist ideology.
J. A third definition of ideology
closely related to and in some ways dependent on, the second edition uses the term
10
Jabrohim ed. Metodologi Penelitian Sastra, Yogyakarta: Graha Widia, 2001, p.156
to refer to ‘ideological forms’. This usage is intended to draw attention to the way in which texts television fiction, pop song, novels, feature films, etc. always present a
particular image of the world. This definition depends on a notion of society as conflict rather than consensual. Texts are said to take sides, consciously or
unconsciously, in this conflict. The German playwright Bertolt Brecht summarizes the point: Good or bad, a play always include an image of the world ...There is no
play and no theatrical performance which does not in some way affect the dispositions and conceptions of the audience.
K. A fourth definition is one that was
very influential in the 1970s and early 1980s. It is definition of ideology developed by the French Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser. Ideology is encountered in the
practices of every day life and not simply in certain ideas about everyday life. L.
A fifth definition of ideology is one associated with the early work of the French cultural theorist Roland Barthes. He
argues that ideology operates mainly at the level of connotations, the secondary often unconscious meanings that texts and practices carry, or can be made to carry.
Ideology or ‘myth’ as Barthes himself calls it is the terrain on which takes places a hegemonic struggle to restrict connotations, to fix particular connotations, to produce
new connotations. M.
Here the writer uses the third definitions of ideology because Dan Brown when represent Opus Dei is intended to
draw attention to the way in which texts television fiction, pop songs, novels, feature films, etc made the negative image.
11
G.
D. Opus Dei Opus Dei in Latin word it means “the work of god”, officially be grouped
as the only “representative of church prelature personally” in catholic church, it means the leader Opus Dei at present time is occupied by bishop Javier Echevaria
Rodriguez who has privilege toward Opus Dei members in cases dealt with internal life of Opus Dei , while for the cases which dealt with catholic sect generally, Opus
Dei members should be obedient under bishop locally privilege however, usually Opus Dei is viewed as a part of victory decade organization and the organization
outside of church catholic in twenty century. Opus Dei gain success internationally at period of Vatican board.
12
Opus Dei is founded on October 2
nd
, 1928 by Jose Maria Escriva which has teaching essence to purify of life daily for adherent that practice of bible and church
wholly.
13
In the meaning that life of anyone to be pure not always in church and to know god, anyone can through in anywhere and any profession they have. Besides
that Its teaching are encourage to promote their faith through their professional
11
John Storey, Cultural Theory and Popular Culture, Pearson Education Limited, 2001, pp. 2 - 5
12
John L. Allen, Jr, Opus Dei, Jakarta: Pustaka Alvabet, 2007, p. 3
13
Ibid., p. 20-21
work and their everyday lives. Opus Dei describes itself as “a personal prelature of the catholic church that helps people seek holiness in their work and ordinary
activities”. In other words, they try to help others through their regular work and their day-to- day life.
There are three types of members of Opus Dei – numeraries, associates and supernumeraries. Associates and numeraries make up about 25 to 30 of
members. They are celibate, live with other members and, on occasion, practice corporal mortification- the most controversial of Opus Dei traditions. Corporal
mortification is the practice of physically enduring a minor amount of suffering. Some of the celibate members of Opus Dei sometimes practice traditional catholic
penance such as using the cilice a light metal chain with prongs which is worn round the thigh and the discipline a woven cotton strap. These are practices
which Opus Dei states Catholics have used for centuries. The Opus Dei website states the motivation for these voluntary penance is to imitate Christ and to join him
in his redemptive sacrifice cf. Matthew16:24, and that they can also be a way to suffer in solidarity with the many poor and deprived people in the world. The
majority of Opus Dei members are supernumeraries. They account for around 70- 75 of members and they are usually non –celibate, married manor women
structure. The fact that Opus Dei was designated a personal prelature in 1982 by pope john Paul II has meant that some critics have referred to its position as being
similar to that of a “church within the church”. Admittedly this is a unique position to be in – it is the only personal the Catholic Church. However Opus Dei members
argue that this unique position does not in any way mean that its members are held
in a specifically high regard by the Vatican, or given any special treatment. Personal prelature is a canonical term meaning that the jurisdiction of the Catholic
Church over Opus Dei covers the member of Opus Dei rather than a geographical area like a diocese. A personal prelature operates in a very similar way to religious
order; however, there are no geographical limits, and its member are lay people rather than monks or nuns, Those Catholics who belong to Opus Dei also continue
to be part of the congregation at their local church. Unlike members of religious orders, the members of join Opus Dei by means of private contracts and not vows.
In order to join a member must ask to do so, and they must also be convinced that they have received a vocation. Opus Dei is seen by many to be a fairly wealthy
organization. Members have to donate a significant part of their income to Opus Dei. It is a decentralized organization and does not publish its general accounts so it
is difficult to be precise over the state of its finances. The organization has sponsored a network of institutions across the UK, such as Netherhall House and
Keltson Club for boys in Wandsworth. Some estimates put the number of centers and charitable ventures owned by Opus Dei at more than twenty-five.
History of Opus Dei as follows: in the year 1928, Josemaria Escriva’, a 26- year-old Spanish priest, creates Opus Dei. His vision is to extend the Sunday
religiosity of working people into their everyday lives. He is initially seen as a heretic by the church hierarchy.
In the year 1933 The first Opus Dei center opens in Madrid, an academy teaching law and architecture. In the year 1936, the Spanish civil war unleashes
anti-clerical persecution and Escriva goes into hiding. In the year 1939, Escriva
supports General Franco’s victory and starts to proselytize throughout Spain. In the year 1946 Opus Dei extends to Britain, Portugal and Italy. Escriva regularly visits
Britain and calls it a “crossroads of the world”. In the year 1950, Opus Dei secretive constitution is published. It states: “No one must reveal to anyone that
they themselves belong to Opus Dei.” Opus Dei is given final and complete approval by Pope XII. In the year 1975, Escriva dies, leaving behind a thriving and
affluent movement with about 60,000 members. In the year 1981, Revelations in The Times about Opus Dei’s practices, such as corporal mortification, prompt
Cardinal Basil Hume to announce he is against the recruitment of members into Opus Dei who under 18 in Britain. In the year 1982, Pope John Paul II establishes
Opus Dei as a personal prelature, confirming its growing status in the Catholic Church. In the year 2002, John Paul II canonizes the founder of Opus Dei,
Josemaria Escriva de Balaguer, in a ‘fast track’ process only 27 years after his death. Thousand of supporters pack St Peter’s Square for the canonization. In the
year 2003, The Da Vinci Code is published. In the year 2006, Opus Dei uses the movie to promote its work. A website competition offers the chance to meet a
genuine Opus Dei member.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH FINDING
A. Data Description
