Istiqomah Nur Rahmawati, 2014 Teaching Speaking Through Storytelling
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
| repository.upi.edu
| perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter focuses on the process of conducting research. These include Research Design, Research Questions, Research Hypothesis, Population and
Sample, Research Setting, Research Instruments, and Research Procedures.
3.1. Research Design
The design of the research was a pre-experimental, a type of research design which only include experimental groups without random sampling Hatch and
Lazaraton, 1994. It was conducted in order to find out the significance of using storyte
lling technique to improve students’ speaking ability by analyzing the result of the tests as pre-experimental design. Hatch and Farhady 1982; Hatch
and Lazaraton 1994. The research administered pre-test and post-test to the experimental groups. Then the pre-test scores were analyzed to know their
capability of speaking before the treatment. The experimental group was given a treatment using storytelling technique. The design can be illustrated as follows:
Table 3.1. the Research Design
T
1
X T
2
T
1
: Pre-test X : Storytelling treatments
T
2
: Post-test
There were several reasons for choosing one group pre-test – post-test design
to be employed in this study. This design was chosen since it was not feasible to apply true experimental design. The sample of the study was chosen purposively.
Thus, one group pre-test – pat-test design was chosen. Besides, it was impossible
50
Istiqomah Nur Rahmawati, 2014 Teaching Speaking Through Storytelling
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
| repository.upi.edu
| perpustakaan.upi.edu
to involve control group in the study due to limitation of time and cot which were also became the consideration.
There are two variables in this study which are the independent and dependent variables.
Variable according to Hatch and Farhady 1982: 12, ‘is as an attribute of a person or of an object, which varies from person to person or from object to
object.’ they state that independent variable is major variable to be investigated, which is selected, manipulated, and measured by the study. On the other hand, in
their opinion, dependent variable is variable to be observed and measure to determine the effect of the independent variable. In line with their opinion, Lane
2003: 1 mentions variables are as ‘properties or characteristics of some event,
object, or person that can on different values or amounts. He states when conducting study, experimenters often manipulate variables. He further explains
that the variable manipulated by an experimenter is named independent variable and dependent variable is the variable when the experimenter seeks to determine
the effect of the independent variable. The independent variable of the study is the implementation of storytelling technique. Meanwhile, the dependent variable of
the study is students’ speaking skill. The treatment was implemented in five meetings, each lasted for 90 minutes.
After the treatments were done, the post-test was given to the experimental group. The post-test scores were analyzed to know their capability of speaking after the
treatment. To support the data from the treatment, the questionnaires were also employed in this study to see the responses from the students after being taught
using storytelling technique.
3.2.Research Questions
The research questions in this study were: 1.
Can storytelling technique improve students’ speaking skill?
51
Istiqomah Nur Rahmawati, 2014 Teaching Speaking Through Storytelling
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
| repository.upi.edu
| perpustakaan.upi.edu
2. What are the students’ responses towards the implementation of teaching
speaking through storytelling?
3.3. Research Hypothesis
