group of individuals as a part of population that is chosen as representative data of whole population.
From the population above, the sample of the research was the eighth grade of MTs Yapenbaya Tanjung Agung South Lampung in the academic year of 20152016. In
this research the writer took two classes as the sample in this research. The writer got VIII C as experimental class and VIII A as the control class. Each class consisted of
25 students.
3. Sampling of Technique
In this research, the writer used cluster random sampling technique to choose sample. Fraenkel and Wallen state that the selection of groups, or clusters of subjects rather
than individuals is known as cluster random sampling.
87
It means that cluster random sampling is a sampling technique that choose the sample through groups and not
individuals. The writer took the sample from a group or a class where one class as control class and one class as experimental class.
The writer used lottery to determine the sample. There were three procedures to take the classes as the sample:
1. At first, the writer wrote all of the classes of the eighth grade on some small
pieces of paper. Then the small pieces of paper were rolled and put into a bottle.
87
Ibid
., p. 92
2. At secondly, the bottle was shaken and the writer took one small piece of
paper rolled paper. It would be a control class and the small piece of rolled paper was included into the bottle again.
3. The last, the writer would shake the bottle again and took one small piece of
rolled paper. It could be an experimental class.
E. Data Collecting Technique In this reseach, the writer used test to collect data. The test
used to get the students‟ descriptive paragraph writing ability achievement. The test were pre-test and post-
test. In this research, the students was given pretest to both classes before the treatment to know the students‟ early echievment in descriptive paragraph writing
ability. Then the post-test was given to know their descriptive pargraph writing ability after the treatment was done only to the experimental class and while the
control class was taught of using dictation technique.
F. Research Instrument Instrument is tool or facility which is used by the writer in collecting data. An
instrument is a tool for measuring, observing, or documentating quantitative data
88
. It means that instrument is tool for collecting the data in research. In this research, the
writer used a test as instruments. The test was in the form of written text. The test was aimed at measuring the students‟ descriptive paragraph writing ability, where the
students were asked to write a descriptive paragraph based on provides picture. The
test was devided in to two kinds they are:
88
Jack R Fraenkel and Norman E Wallen.
Op.Cit., p.97
1. Pre-test
A pre-test provides a measure on some attribute to characteristic that you asses for participantsin a experiment before they receive a treatment
89
. It means that pre-test was conducted
to know the students‟ descriptive paragraph writing ability achievement before the treatment.
In this case, the writer asked the students to write a descriptive paragraph. The composition should not less than 100 words in 60 minutes. The descriptive paragraph
assessed based on the aspects of writing assessment: content, organization, vocabulary, language, and mechanics. The total score of essay writing test is 100. In
this case, the writer has decided topics that could be chosen by the students to write in their test, they are:
a. A pet
b. A people
c. A place
2. Post-test
A post-test is a measure on some attribute or characteristic that is assess for participants in a experiment after treatment
90
. It means that post test was conducted to know the students‟ descriptive paragraph writing ability after they were taught by
89
John W. Creswell,
Education Research 4th ed, Op.Cit.
, p.297
90
Ibid.,
using brainstorming technique. In this case, the writer asked the students to write a descriptive paragraph. The composition should not less than 100 words in 60 minutes.
The descriptive paragraph assessed based on the aspects of writing assessment: content, organization, vocabulary, language, and mechanics. The total score of essay
writing test is 100. In this case, the writer has decided topics that could be chosen by the students to write in their test, they are:
a. A pet
b. A people
c. A place
The topics adapted with the students‟ book and curriculum from eighth grade of MTs
Yapenbaya Tanjung Agung South Lampung and the writer consulted with the English teacher too. The system and degree of difficulties of post-test was the same of the
pre-test, because both of them were used to measure the students‟ descriptive
paragraph writing.
G. Data Description
The research has been conducted on April 20
th
, 2016. This research has been carried through five steps. They involved pre-test, three treatments and post test. To find out
the influence of using brainstorming technique, the writer identified several result, they were; the score of students before the treatment, the score of students after the
