The Hypothesis FRAME OF THEORY, THE FRAME OF THINKING AND HYPOTHESIS

In this research, the writer used two classes, they were the experimental class and the control class. The experimental class received the treatment by using brainstorming technique and the control class taught by using dictation technique from the teacher. Table 2 showed the Pre- and Posttest design was illustrated as follows 81 : Table 2 Pre- and Posttest Design Select Control class Pretest No Treatment Posttest Select experimental class Pretest Experimental Treatment Posttest Based on the table above, the writer chose two classes as the sample of this research that consist of experimental class and control class. The experimental class was taught by using brainstorming technique as a treatment whereas in the control class was taught by using dictation technique. In this research, the students were given pre- test to both classes before treat ment to know the students‟ early achievement in descriptive paragraph writing ability. Then the post-test was given to know their descriptive paragraph writing ability after the treatment was done only to the experimental class while the control class was taught of using dictation technique. Dictation technique was a technique‟s teacher there.

B. Research Variables

There were two variables that investigated in this research. 1. Independent Variable 81 Ibid., p. 310 Independent variable in this research was using brainstorming technique X. 2. Dependent Variable Dependent variable in this research was the students‟ writing ability Y.

C. Operational Definition of Variable

The operational of variable in this research as follows: 1. Independent Variable X Brainstorming was a technique helps to generate ideas. 2. Dependent Variable Y Descriptive paragraph writing ability was the students‟ ability to express their ideas, opinions, feelings, experiences. It is indicated with score achieved by students from the test given.

D. Population, Sample and Sampling Technique. 1.

Population of Research Population is generally large collection of individual of object in the research. According to Creswell, “population is a group of individuals who have the same characteristic” 82 . And also Fraenkel and Wallen state that a sample in a research study is the group on which information is obtained. The larger group to which one hopes to apply the results is called the population 83 . Therefore, the population in this research is all students at the eighth grade at MTs Yapenbaya Tanjung Agung South 82 John W. Creswell. Op.Cit ., p.142 83 Jack R. Fraenkel and Norman E. Wallen, How to Design and Evaluate Resea rch in Education, New York: McGraw-Hill, 7th ed., 2009, p. 90