Background of Study INTRODUCTION

1

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents background of study, statement of the problem, purpose of the problem, scope and limitation, significance of the study and definition of key terms.

1.1. Background of Study

English is one of the international languages. It is used by almost countries in the world. Language can be a tool for sharing various aspects, for instance technology, science, economics, politics and education Wood, 2002. In the world of education, English becomes priority that must be mastered by students to develop their foreign language competency. Speaking is one of the language skills which is used to communicate and interact in daily life. According to Fulcher 2003,” Speaking is the verbal use of language to communicate with others”. Based on that statement, speaking can build relationship between individual and another and share what they want in their lives. Meanwhile, speaking also might be difficult for some students because of some problems that have to be faced by them. Ur 1996 states that some problems related to the students in developing their speaking are things such as inhibition, nothing to say, low or uneven participation, and mother tongue use. This statement ensures how complex speaking skill is, so that students should have high motivation to master it. Motivation is something that energizes, directs, and sustains behavior; it gets students moving, points them in a particular direction, and keeps them going Ormrod 2003. Motivation can be caused by some factors that come from the external 2 personality external motivation such as reward, punishment or from the internal personality internal motivation such as self-improvement, self-efficacy, act. In education, motivation becomes one of the factors that determine the success and the failure of learning. Parson et al 2001 explains shortly that motivation is a crucial element of the learning process. This statement is supported by Brown 1994 that motivation is probably the most frequently used catch-all term for explaining the success and the failure of any complex task. He also claims that someones success in any task is due simply to the fact that he or she is motivated. In addition, other factors that determine the success and the failure of learning is teachers. Parson et al 2001 says that teachers have many roles in teaching such as instructional expert, pedagogical content knowledge, manager, and teachers-as- counselor. From the statement above, to be a teacher should not only give the material and knowledge but also give information, motivation and make the students interested in the learning process. If they can do that, the goal of learning process will be achieved easily. In this present study, the writer not only investigates the kinds of motivation that motivate the student but also what the teachers do to motivate student in speaking. So, to compare this present study, the writer provides two previous studies which are related to this study. The first study was conducted by Dian Ika Rusita 2007 who investigated the students’ motivation in learning Speaking at Akademi keperawatan Blambangan Bayuwangi. She found that students who had good motivation such as active and participating in teaching and learning process would be 3 easier to develop their communication to catch the information from the sources and knowledge. Another study was conducted by Nany Dwiana 2007 who studied students’ motivation in learning English of second year student of MTS Al- AMANAH Besuki Situbondo. The result showed that the intrinsic motivation was more influential than extrinsic motivation. The factors of intrinsic motivation are; needs, intention, and self-improvement. The difference between those previous studies and this present study is that those research focus and explain about students’ motivation in learning English, while in this present study, the writer does not only focus on students’ motivation and the kinds of motivation that motivate the basic speaking I students in learning speaking but also look for what the techniques used by the teacher to motivate the students in learning speaking. The writer chooses Mahesa English Course as the object of this study because Mahesa English Course is one of the famous English courses in Pare Kediri. It provides many programs such as; General English Course GEC, Grammar basic grammar I, basic grammar II, Speaking basic Speaking I, basic speaking II, active speaking, Conversation, Translation, Writing, Listening and then TOEFL. In addition, the writer also had ever studied there in basic speaking I program. Before the writer studied at Mahesa English Course, he could not speak English well. He only spoke so little conversation such as; May I ask some questions?, what do you say “buku” in English?. After he finished studying there, he could speak English and interacted with others although his speaking was not fluently as the native speaker of 4 English. Based on his experience, the writer wants to investigate other students’ motivation in learning speaking and what the teachers of Mahesa English Course do to motivate them in learning speaking.

1.2. Statement of the Problem