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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
This Chapter will explain Research Method, Subject of the Study, Variables of the Study, Methods of Experimental Research, Statement of Hypothesis, Research of
Instrument, Method and Procedure of Collecting Data, and the last is Method of Reporting the Results.
2.1 Research Method
In this part, the materials to be presented are the definition of the research and the activities I did in my research.
2.2.1 Definition of the Research
Arikunto 2002:3 states that “an experimental is the way in which a researcher creates a situation or an event which is then analyzed in order to find out the effect
that it makes.” In other words, experiment is the way to find causal relationship between two factors which are raised by the resesarcher in purpose by reducing or
eliminating any distracting factors. The other definition is stated by Key 1997, which is “an experimental research-an attempt by the researcher to maintain
control over all factors that may affect to determine or predict that what may occur”Key :
http:www.okstate.edu .
While according to Christensen 2001:23, “an experimental research is a research that attempts to identify cause and effect relationship.” In this study, “the
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cause and effect relationship” was the the application of Five-Minute Activities to improve students’ ability in writing a descriptive text.
There are some designs in an experimental research, I decided to use true experimental design in this study.
2.2.2 Experimental Design
It is a true experimental research which is aimed to investigate a cause-and-effect relationship. An experiment typically involves two groups, an experimental group
E and a control group C. The experimental group usually receives a new treatment or a treatment under investigation, while control group receives usual
treatment. Research design refers to the outline, plan, or strategy specifying the procedure to be used in seeking an answer to the research question Christensen,
2001:233. This study used “pre-test and post-test.” The design of the true experiment
can be drawn as follows :
Figure 3.1 The Design of the True Experimetal Research Arikunto,
2002:79
E 01 x 02 C 03 y 04
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E : Experimental group C : Control group
01 : Pre-test for experimental group 02 : Post-test for experimental group
03 : Pre-test for control group 04 : Post-test for control group
x : Treatment with the use of the Five-Minute Activities y : Treatment with the use of pictures
Experimental design is the blueprint of the procedures that enables the researcher to test hypothesis by reaching valid conclusion about relationships
between independent and dependent variables Best 1981:169. Selection of a particular design is based upon the purposes of the experiment, the type of
variables to be manipulated, and the conditions or limiting factors under which it is conducted.
The design deals with such practical problems as how subjects are to be selected for experimental and control groups, the way variables are to be
manipulated and controlled, the way extraneous variables are to be controlled, how observations are to be made, and the type of statistical to be employed
interpreting data relationships. In the design above, subjects were assigned to the experimental group top
line. The quality of the subject was first checked by presenting them 01 03, then the experiment treatment, by using Five-Minute Activities, was performed to
the experimental group, while the control group was taught writing descriptive
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text by using pictures. The test given was composition. The results of which 02 04 were then computed statistically.
2.1 Subject of the Study
Kategori