CONCLUSION Dr. Dedy Darnaedi, MSc.

VII. CONCLUSION

Microsatellites were proven as appropriate markers for classifying and estimating genetic diversity of banana cultivars. Total 267 accessions of cultivated bananas in Indonesia used in the study were effectively classified into 3 species based only on the 2 primers of microsatellite: MaCIR108 and Ma-3-90. There are 130 accessions of AA or AAA; and AAA genomic groups designated under the name Musa acuminata, 10 accessions of BB genomic group under the name M. balbisiana and 127 accessions of AAB and ABB genomic groups under the name of hybrid species M. x paradisiaca. Four alleles of the MaCIR108 with the size of more than 270 bp 295 bp, 289 bp, 287 bp and 275 bp and the MaCIR108 alleles with the size of 270 bp or less were used as diagnostic characters for the B and the A genomes, whereas 1 allele of the Ma-3-90 with the size of 152 bp was a diagnostic character for separating AAB from ABB genomic group. The eleven accessions containing the A genome alone and 9 accessions containing the B genome have been reclassified into M. x paradisiaca and M. acuminata, respectively. The diagnostic characters in the range of allele length size of the primers MaCIR108 and Ma-3-90 were never reported before. The study also found 1 allele of the Ma-3-139 with the size of 132 bp detected only in banana containing the B genome. Microsatellite markers are an effective marker for identifying banana cultivar. Analysis of 267 accessions using 8 primers detected only 208 genotypes. The eighty eight of 267 banana accessions were clustered within 29 identical genotypes. Besides synonymous accessions which emerged to be identical based on all the primers tested, homonymous accessions were also observed in this study. The banana accessions commonly clustered according to their genomic groups, except 15 AAB and AA or AAA; and AAA accessions. The genomic groups of those pure acuminata could not be differentiated significantly, though most of them tend to be clustered according to ploidy level. In the phylogeny inferred from the trnL-F intergenic spacer, the clades of 40 banana accessions having the A-type chloroplast consisting of AA wild; AA; AA or AAA; AAA; AAB; and ABB cultivars could be clearly differentiated from the 11 accessions having the B-type chloroplast consisting of BB; AAB; and ABB. The A-type chloroplast accessions are most probably derived from female M. acuminata , while the B-type chloroplast accessions may be derived from female M. balbisiana . However, the exact acuminata progenitor of each cultivar remains unidentified. Relationships among banana accessions based on the trnL-F region are not in agreement with those based on the microsatellite most probably due to the differences of inheritance mode of both DNA markers.

VIII. REFERENCES