Introduction Directory UMM :Data Elmu:jurnal:E:European Journal of Agronomy:Vol13.Issue1.Jul2000:

European Journal of Agronomy 13 2000 27 – 37 Seed quality of sweet white lupin Lupinus albus and management practice in eastern Canada M.A. Faluyi a , X.M. Zhou c , F. Zhang b , S. Leibovitch b , P. Migner b , D.L. Smith c, a Department of Botany, Ondo State Uni6ersity, P.M.B. 5363 , Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria b Bios Agriculture Incorporated, 21 , 111 Lakeshore Road, PO Box 187 , Ste. Anne de Belleu6e, Quebec, Canada, H 9 X 3 V 9 c Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill Uni6., 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Belle6ue, Quebec, Canada, H 9 X 3 V 9 Received 2 November 1999; received in revised form 25 February 2000; accepted 6 March 2000 Abstract White lupin Lupinus albus has shown considerable yield potential as a spring-sown grain legume in eastern Canada and the northern USA. However, the effects of agronomic factors on seed protein and oil of white lupin cultivars have not been quantified under such short growing season conditions. The objective of this research was to determine appropriate management practices for production of better quality sweet white lupin. A 2-year study was conducted in eastern Canada to determine the responses of seed protein and oil in two large-seeded white lupin cultivars Primorski and Ultra to management factors. The two lupin cultivars were factorially combined on two soil types, with two planting dates and two row spacings. Of the 2 years, 1991 was more or less typical for the region, while 1992 was unusually cool and rainy. Both lupin protein and oil concentrations were not affected by the tested management factors over three of the 4 location years, except that the early planting date decreased the protein concentration of seeds in pods formed on the stem. The protein yield of seeds in pods formed on the branches was more sensitive to management factors in both sites in 1991. Total protein and oil yields of Ultra were higher than those of Primorski in the typical year 1991, but not in the atypically cool year 1992. On average, protein and oil yields were 59 and 93 higher, respectively, under the cooler climate conditions of 1992 than in 1991. The seed protein:lipid ratio in white lupin seeds was : 4:1 and 3:1 in 1991 and 1992, respectively. In general, early planting in narrow rows resulted in the highest yields of both protein and oil. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords : Lupinus albus; Sweet white lupin; Management practices; Seed quality; Oil; Protein www.elsevier.comlocateeja

1. Introduction

Large seeded sweet white lupin, like many other legume crops, has potential as a source of nutri- tion, particularly protein and oil, for livestock feed Lopez-Bellido and Fuentes, 1986 and is a Corresponding author. Tel.: + 1-514-3987851, ext. 7886; fax: + 1-514-3987897. E-mail address : dsmithmacdonald.mcgill.ca D.L. Smith 1161-030100 - see front matter © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 1 1 6 1 - 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 7 - 5 source of low-cost protein that can be profitably utilized to supplement protein inadequacies in cereals. As a N 2 fixing legume, it can also play a role in enhancing soil fertility. Williams 1979 observed that weather condi- tions, cultivation management, soil nitrogen status, and use of fertilizers accounted for about 95 of the variance in the protein content of wheat and concluded that the amount of protein incorporated into wheat kernels was controlled, to a considerable extent, by environmental factors. In addition, seed oil deposition is known to be affected by a range of agronomic factors Canvin, 1965; Zhang et al., 1993, 1994. Shaw and Liang 1966 and Stone and Turker 1969 found that maximum protein con- centration occurred in soybean seed when the crop was water stressed during the pod filling stage. Stone and Turker 1969 also noted that severe moisture stress during pod filling adversely affected both the oil and protein yield of soybean. Rose 1988 observed that the degree to which these two economic traits were affected by water stress de- pended on the soybean genotype. High soil nitro- gen had adverse effects on seed oil concentration, but increased the crude protein concentration of sesame seed from 21.5 to 25.0 Weiss, 1983. White lupin has potential as a spring-sown grain legume in eastern Canada and the northern USA Putnam et al., 1992. Seed yields of some cultivars have ranged from 2.5 to 4.0 t ha − 1 Faluyi et al., 1997. Therefore, in eastern Canada there has been considerable interest in lupin. The effects of agro- nomic practices on seed protein and oil of white lupin cultivars have not been quantified under such short growing season conditions. The objective of this research project was to determine appropriate management practices for production of better quality sweet white lupin in eastern Canada by evaluating the effects of planting date, row spacing, and soil type on the seed protein and oil levels of two lupin cultivars.

2. Materials and methods