Research Design Data and Source of Data

17 CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Design

In analyzing the data of this thesis, I use qualitative research with descriptive method. According to Wahyuni 2012: 2 “Qualitative research methods were developed in the social sciences to enable researchers to study social and cultural phenomena. It is related with data which is actually not in the form of numbers.” Thus, I decided to use this qualitative research because it enable researcher to study some phenomena, which include the hedonism and materialism phenomena in the data of this thesis. In addition, it is exploratory because it gains a deeper understanding of a person or group’s experience from the data that define problem or question to be studied. Wellek and Werren in Theory of Literature state that there are two approaches in analyzing the literary works, which called intrinsic and extrinsic approach. Intrinsic approach is a kind of approach which analyzes literary works based on the text and the structural points in the literary works itself, such as theme, plot, characters, setting, style, and point of view. While extrinsic approach focuses to analyze the relationship between the content and the other discipline of knowledge, such as history, sociology, psychology, biography, etc. In this thesis, I use the extrinsic approach by relating the data with the hedonism and materialism phenomena that happen in America society in the early of 1920’s. Universitas Sumatera Utara 18

3.2 Data and Source of Data

The source of data is divided into two; they are the primary data and secondary data. 1. The primary source of data is taken from the novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald entitled This Side of Paradise. The novel was published in 1996 by Dover Publication, Inc and consists of 213 pages in paperback. The primary data is taken from the words, phrase, sentences, actions, and dialogue that can be seen from the quotations in the novel related to the data analysis. 2. The secondary source of data is taken from the books, thesis, articles, journal, and other sources that supported to the topic of hedonism and materialism phenomena in American society in the early of 1920’s.

3.3 Data Collecting