Theory of Character Education

8

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION

In this chapter the researcher presents and evaluates what is already known about the topic which contains the theory or the review which is related to the literature and the finding as well as the interpretation of the findings.

A. Theory of Character Education

It has been introduced in the previous chapter that it is good to have this kind of research in order to be aware of the new curriculum which always changes depending on the nation’s situation. It has been explained in the beginning that in the research background precisely contains a lot of theories in the description. As we know that the focus of character education in 2013 Curriculum has been emphasized in all 2013 Curriculum Textbooks as well as in English Student and English Teacher Textbook Revised Edition 2014. It was published by The Ministry of Education in 2013, moreover; inside the textbook emphasizes lot of standard requirements for the material which is called as the Competency Standard of Graduate Kemendikbud, 2013. According to Prihantoro 2015 Competency Standard of Graduates is minimum standard of the student to improve and to balance between the softskill and hardskill that include aspects of competencies of attitude, skill, and knowledge p.79. The Character Education 9 closely relates talking about the various characteristic which is emphasized by media or student. Table 2.1 Standard Competency in 2013 Curriculum Kemendikbud, 2013 DOMAIN SD SMP SMA-SMK SIKAP Attitude Menerima + Menjalankan + Menghargai + Menghayati + Mengamalkan Receiving, Responding, Valuing, Organizing, and Characterizing Nilai-nilai: 1. Beriman, berakhlak mulia jujur, disiplin, tanggung jawab, peduli, santun, rasa ingin tahu, estetika, percaya diri, motivasi internal 2. Toleransi, gotong royong, kerjasama, dan musyawarah 3. Pola hidup sehat, ramah lingkungan, patriotik, dan cinta perdamaian The values or characteristics: 1. Personal faith, noble behavior honest, discipline, responsibility, caring, polite, curiosity, aesthetics, confident, internal motivation 2. Tolerance, mutual cooperation gotong royong, collaboration, and consensus musyawarah 3. Healthy-lifestyle, environment friendly, patriotic, and love of peace KETRAMPILAN Skill Mengamati + Menanya + Mencoba + Menalar + Menyaji + Mencipta Observing, Questioning, Experimenting, Associating, and Networking Nilai-nilai: 1. Membaca, menulis, menghitung, menggambar, mengarang 2. Menggunakan, mengurai, merangkai, memodifikasi, membuat, mencipta The values or characteristics: 1. Reading, writing, counting, drawing , writing, 2. Use, parse, compose, modify, making, creating PENGETAHUAN Knowledge Mengetahui + Memahami + Menerapkan + Menganalisa + Mengevaluasi + Mencipta Knowing, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating Nilai-nilai: 1. Ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, seni, dan budaya 2. Manusia, bangsa, negara, tanah air, dan dunia The values or characteristics: 1. Science, technology, art, and culture 2. Humans, nation, state, and world 10 In the Table 2.1, it shows that due to the Standard Graduates of Competency in 2013 Curriculum Textbook, student is able to have a good attitude in their personal faith, morality, self-confident, and responsibility in interacting effectively with the social environment, the natural surroundings, as well as the word and its civilization. Then, the skill competency helps student to have effective and creative ways of thinking in the realm of the abstract and concrete domain. Afterward, the knowledge guides student to produce the individual mastering the subject, science technology, arts, and culture that are based on humanity, national, state, and civilization. The Standard Competency of Graduates also takes a part in the development of Character Education especially in 2013 Curriculum. The Standard Competency of Graduate encompasses some characters or values which make the students also comprehend that they are a prototype of national character building Amalia, 2014, p.1104. The values or the character that are highlighted in Standard Competency of Graduates then be clarified in a real and existing learning, the one of which is used is English Textbook. The researcher employs the eighteen values or characteristics of The Character Education in the textbooks in order to help the student gain the essence of learning Puskurbuk, 2010. Those values and the characters are presented in Table 2.2. . PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 11 Table 2.2 18 Characteristics in National Character Education Puskurbuk, 2010 No Characteristic Explanation 1 Religius: Religiosity Sikap dan perilaku yang patuh dalam melaksanakan ajaran agama yang dianutnya, toleran terhadap pelaksanaan ibadah agama lain, dan hidup rukun dengan pemeluk agama lain. Showing obedience in every attitude and behavior when conducting any religious activity, being tolerant with others’ religious activities and living harmoniously with people with different religions. 2 Jujur: Honesty Perilaku yang didasarkan pada upaya menjadikan dirinya sebagai orang yang selalu dapat dipercaya dalam perkataan, tindakan, dan pekerjaan. Indicating oneself as someone who can be trusted in every word, behavior and attitude. 3 Toleransi: Tolerance Sikap dan tindakan yang menghargai perbedaan agama, suku, etnis, pendapat, sikap, dan tindakan orang lain yang berbeda dari dirinya. Being tolerance to others with different faith, tribe, race, opinions and actions. 4 Disiplin: Dicipline Tindakan yang menunjukkan perilaku tertib dan patuh pada berbagai ketentuan dan peraturan. Committing to respect the laws and rules that prevail. 5 Kerja Keras: Hard Work Perilaku yang menunjukkan upaya sungguh-sungguh dalam mengatasi berbagai hambatan belajar dan tugas, serta menyelesaikan tugas dengan sebaik-baiknya. Indicating an earnest effort to overcome barriers in learning activity as well as completing tasks verily. 6 Kreatif: Creativity Berpikir dan melakukan sesuatu untuk menghasilkan cara atau hasil baru dari sesuatu yang telah dimiliki. Generating ideas to produce something new or some new ways from what they already have. 7 Mandiri: Independence Sikap dan perilaku yang tidak mudah tergantung pada orang lain dalam menyelesaikan tugas-tugas. Not being dependent to others when doing tasks. 8 Demokratis: Democracy Cara berfikir, bersikap, dan bertindak yang menilai sama hak dan kewajiban dirinya dan orang lain. 12 No Characteristic Explanation Placing others in equal rights and duties. 9 Rasa Ingin Tahu: Curiosity Sikap dan tindakan yang selalu berupaya untuk mengetahui lebih mendalam dan meluas dari suatu yang dipelajarinya, dilihat, dan didengar. Demonstrating effort to know more about what are being learned, seen and heard. 10 Semangat Kebangsaan: Nationalism Cara berpikir, bertindak, dan berwawasan yang menempatkan kepentingan bangsa dan negara di atas kepentingan diri dan kelompoknya. Preceding the interests of the nation above oneself and group interests. 11 Cinta Tanah Air: Patriotism Cara berfikir, bersikap, dan berbuat yang menunjukkan kesetiaan, kepedulian, dan penghargaan yang tinggi terhadap bahasa, lingkungan fisik, sosial, budaya, ekonomi, dan politik bangsa. Showing loyalty, care and respect towards the language, environment, society, culture, economics and politics of the nation. 12 Menghargai Prestasi: Achievement Appreciation Sikap dan tindakan yang mendorong dirinya untuk menghasilkan sesuatu yang berguna bagi masyarakat, dan mengakui, serta menghormati keberhasilan orang lain. Reinforcing someone to produce something advantageous for the society and admit as well as respect others’ success. 13 BersahabatKomunikatif: Friendship Tindakan yang memperlihatkan rasa senang berbicara, bergaul, dan bekerja sama dengan orang lain. Demonstrating willingness to be communicative, friendly and work with others. 14 Cinta Damai: Love of peace Sikap perkataan, dan tindakan yang menyebabkan orang lain merasa senang dan aman atas kehadiran dirinya. Making others feel pleasant and safe of one’s existence. 15 Gemar Membaca: Fondness of Reading Kebiasaan menyediakan waktu untuk membaca berbagai bacaan yang memberikan kebajikan bagi dirinya. Spending time for reading a variety of worthy readings. 16 Peduli Lingkungan: Sikap dan tindakan yang selalu berupaya mencegah kerusakan pada lingkungan alam di sekitarnya, dan mengembangkan 13 No Characteristic Explanation Environmental Awareness upaya-upaya untuk memperbaiki kerusakan alam yang sudah terjadi. Always seeking to prevent damages to the environment and develop efforts to rejuvenate environmental damage. 17 Peduli Sosial: Social Care Sikap dan tindakan yang selalu ingin memberi bantuan pada orang lain dan masyarakat yang membutuhkan. Showing generosity to others who are in need. 18 Tanggungjawab: Responsibility Sikap dan perilaku seseorang untuk melaksanakan tugas dan kewajibannya, yang seharusnya dia lakukan, terhadap diri sendiri, masyarakat, lingkungan alam, sosial dan budaya, negara dan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Carrying out duties and obligations sincerely for oneself, the society and the surroundings natural, social and cultural, the nation and God. Students who are religious, honest, tolerant, discipline, hard-working, creative, and independent are really reflected in their daily life. In the same way that students hold the principles of democracy, curiosity, nationalism, patriotism, achievement appreciation, and communication to others. The environmental awareness, social care, and responsibility also establish the sensitivity of students to be more sensible to the surrounding situation. Hadi 2015 says that The Standard Competency of Graduates combines with The Values of Character Education produce a good character should be supported by the knowledge about virtue, the will to do good, and a concrete action of doing good p.13-14. The successful of the Character Education depends on the students who have applied some of the characteristics in their life. Based on the Table 2.2 the researcher is able to see some good characteristics which are reflected from the 14 activity which is provided in the textbook. While learning the English textbook, students do not only get the knowledge but also the good characteristics which is represented in textbook. For the example of the explanation, that the value of honesty educates students to be honest in everywhere they go and anything they do, and it is more worthy rather than just having a truthful perception. There will be no students who do cheating in the class while exam, but students will realize by themselves that cheating is an act which is forbidden Hadi, 2015, p.14.

B. The Analysis of Activities which are Represented in the Character