A STUDY ON ENGLISH LEARNING STYLE IN SECOND YEAR OF DIGITAL NATIVE STUDENTS AT SMA NEGERI 1 GONDANG WETAN PASURUAN

A STUDY ON ENGLISH LEARNING STYLE IN SECOND

YEAR OF DIGITAL NATIVE STUDENTS AT SMA NEGERI 1

GONDANG WETAN PASURUAN

THESIS

By

ANDIANTI RAMADHANI

201010100311076

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

A STUDY ON ENGLISH LEARNING STYLE IN SECOND

YEAR OF DIGITAL NATIVE STUDENTS AT SMA NEGERI 1

GONDANG WETAN PASURUAN

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Education

By

ANDIANTI RAMADHANI

201010100311076

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

This thesis written by Andianti Ramadhani was approved on November 6, 2014

Advisor I

Advisor II

This thesis was defended in front of examiners of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang

And accepted as one of requirement to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

On November 6, 2014

Approved by:

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Examiners: Signature:

1. Rina Wahyu S., S.Pd., M.Ed 1. ………..

2. Drs. Munash fauzie, M.M 2. ………..

3. Drs. Soeparto, M.Pd 3. ………..

ORIGINALITY DECLARATION

The Undersigned:

Name : Andianti Ramadhani

Student ID number : 201010100311076

Program of Study : English Department

Faculty : Faculty of Teacher Training and Educaation

I declare that the work presented in this thesis was carried out by myself and does not incorporate without acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge this thesis does not contain any materials previously publish or written by another person except where due reference is made in text.

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

“A good life is when you always thing positive, be a good people for everyone, smile often, and always grateful for everything”

I dedicated this thesis to: My beloved father and mother My beloved sisters and brother My best friends

A STUDY ON ENGLISH LEARNING STYLE IN SECOND YEAR OF DIGITAL NARATIVE STUDENTS AT SMA NEGERI 1 GONDANG WETAN PASURUAN

ABSTRACT

The development of technology has influenced the civilization that is divided into some generation. According to Tapscott (2009:16) there are four generations from 1964 to present, baby boom generations, generation X, net generation, and generation next. Digital native can include to the generation next. Digital native is a person who was born in digital era and through with digital technologies.

Nowadays, the students are digital native learners, because they always using internet and always access WWW to answer what they want they want and what they need to know. This study tries to investigate two research problems; what are the learning styles used in second year of digital native student at SMA Negeri 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan and what are the preferable English learning styles in second year of digital native students at SMA Negeri 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan.

This study design was descriptive because the researcher wanted to describe he phenomenon of learning styles in second year of digital native student. The population of this study is the second year of digital native students at SMA Negeri 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan. The writer use purposive sampling to deermine the sample from two parallel classes. The instrument to get the data is interview.

The research finds out 4 kinds of learning styles used in second year of digital native student at SMA Negeri 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan; they are visual, aural, verbal, and social learning style. The preferable of learning style in second year of digital native student at SMA Negeri 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan was social learning style choose by 10 students from interview result.

The Advisor I, The writer,

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The writer says Alhamdulillah and thanks God, the Almighty, Allah SWT, the Lord of this universe, who gives she opportunity and ability to write this thesis to fulfill the requirement to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education at University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

She would like to express her appreciation and sincere gratitude to Drs.Soeparto, M.Pd. (Advisor I) and Wahyu Taufiq S.Pd M.Ed. (Advisor II) for their patience, motivatio, guidance, suggestion, advice and for their comments and corrections during the completion of this thesis.

Her sincere gratitude and respect are also assigned to her beloved parents (Eko Wahyu P. And Sriana), her beloved brother (Andika Oktobrianto), her beloved sisters (Andiani Sekar P. And Hartati Indrasari), her little niece (Tsabitah), also her big families for their encouragement, love, pray, sacrifice, and support in a good and a bad time of her life. They always give spirit to her in finishing this study.

Furthermore, the writer also expresses her gratitude to:

1. All lecturers of English Department of FKIP University of Muhammadiyah Malang, who transferred much knowledge to her and for their guidance, instruction and help during her study at the university.

2. Her beloved friends Amanda

3. Gabby F.S, S.Pd and Rizky Nur Wahyuni, S.Pd

4. The members of “BCT Blok 2 no 36 BOARDING HOUSE” who have given her attention, help, suggestion when she was doing her thesis.

5. Her friends in English Department for the friendship.

May Allah SWT always Bless them all and write their kindness as worships.

Malang, 2 November 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL ... i

LEGALIZATION ... ii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... iii

ORIGINALITY DECLARATION ... iv

ABSTRCT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS ………... vii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION... . 1

1.1 Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 Statements of the Problems ... 4

1.3 Purpose of the Study ... 5

1.4 Significant of the Study ... 5

1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 6

1.6 Definition of the Key Terms ... 6

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE... .. 8

2.1 The Classification of Generations ... 8

2.1.1 The Baby Boom Generation ... 8

2.1.2 The Generation X ... 9

2.1.3 The Net Generation ... 9

2.1.4 The Generation Next ... 10

2.1.4.1 Digital Native …. ... 10

2.2 Learning Style ... 11

2.2.1 Visual Learning Style ... 12

2.2.2 Aural Learning Style……… 13

2.2.3 Verbal Learning Style………... 13

2.2.4 Physical Learning Style……… .. 14

2.2.5 Logical Learning Style……… 14

2.2.6 Social learning Styles……… 15

2.2.7 Solitary Learning Style……….. 16

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Research Design ... 20

3.2 Population and Sample ... 20

3.3 Research Instrument ... 21

3.4 Data collection ... 22

3.5 Data Analysis……….. 22

CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION………….. .. 24

4.1 Research Findings ... 24

4.1.1 English Learning Style Used in Second Year of Digital Native Students at SMA Negeri 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan ... 24

4.1.1.1 Visual Learning Style……….. 25

4.1.1.2 Aural Learning Style……… 26

4.1.1.3 Verbal Learning Style……….. 26

4.1.1.4 Social Learning Style……….. 27

4.1.2 The Preferable English Learning Style in Second Year of Digital native Students at SMA Negeri 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan……… 29

4.2 Discussion ... 30

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 33

5.2 Suggestions ... 34

REFERENCES APPENDICESS APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2 APPENDIX 3 APPENDIX 4 APPENDIX 5

REFERENCES

Agustina. 2006. The Student Learning Style in Learning Speaking at SMPN 2

Tumpang Malang: Unpublished Thesis

Advanogy. 2014. Overview of Learning Styles. Learning-Styles-online.com http://homeworkstipsabout.com/od/homeworkhelp/a/learningstyles.htm. Accessed on Mei 10, 2014

Ary, Donald. 2006. Introduction to Research in Education, seventh edition. Belmont:Wadswort-Thomson Learning

Brown, Lankard B. 1998. Learning Styles and Vocational Education Practice. Ohio: College of Education, The Ohio State University. http://www.calpro-online.org/eric/docs/pab00007.pdf. Accessed on Mei 15, 2014

Johnson, Ronnie. 2003. Memeletics Learning Styles Inventory. http://www.ronniejohson.info/files/creativeteaching/memeletics- learning-styles-inventory.pdf. Accessed on April 18, 2014

Kurniawati, Tri. 2008. The Students Learning Style in Learning English at SMA

Negeri 1 Kawedanan Magetan. Malang: Unpublished Thesis

Mey Syaro, Rohana. 2012. A Study of Learning Styles Used by Digital Native

Learners at SMPN 2 Sukapura Probolinggo. Malang: Unpublished

Thesis

Neala, Palena. 2006. Conducting In-Dept Interviews: A Guide for Designing and

Conducting In-Dept Interviews for Evaluation Input. Pathfinder

International. http://rsj.econtentmanagement.com/archives/vol/1/issue/1/review/371dept h-interviewing-researching-people. Accessed on November 12, 2014 Prensky, Marc. 2001. Digital Native, Digital Imigrant, Part I and Part II. From on

the Horizon: NCB University Press, Vol 9 No 5. http://www.marcprensky.com//writing/prensky-digital. Accessed on 15 October, 2014

Prensky, Marc. 2010. Teaching Digital Natives: Partnering for Real Learning. From SAGE Company: Thousand Oaks, California. http://www.marcprensky.com/teachingdigitalnatives. Accessed on June 10, 2014

Reid, Gavin. 2005. Learning Styles and Conclusion. London: Paul Chapman Publishing

Robinson, Michael T. 2013. The Generation, What Generation You Are. Career Planner.com. http://careerplanner-whatgenerationyouare.htm. Accessed on Mei 20, 2014

Sawyer, Keith R. 2006. The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Science. New York: Cambridge University Press

1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents background of the study, statement of problems, purposes of study, significant of study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms.

1.1 Background of Study

The development of science and technology always has turned significantly in every generation in this world. Each of the generations is influenced by the technology development at the time and automatically it will influence the civilization. In this era, digital native is one of modern people who can grow up in this digital technology, while the digital native is a term for people who born in the digital era (Prensky, 2010).

In the most general terms, digital natives speak and breathe the language of computers and the culture of the web into which they were born. Digital natives are used to receiving information really fast. They like parallel process and multi task. They rather use technology, internet or social network for their job or study in daily life. They think that using internet or technology more effective and easier not only for their job but also for their relationship with other people in the world. With social network like facebook, twitter, os Myspace they can always feel close with their friends or family.

2

According to Dr. Larry Rosen (2010) and Dr. Prensky (2001) digital native has some characteristics such as preferring to connect via text, chat, facebook, online games, prefer receiving information quickly and simultaneously from multiple multimedia and other source. Besides, digital native prefer processing and interacting with pictures, graphics, sounds, and video before text, feels like internet is a real more pleasurable and tangible, and learning should be fun and knowledge is often acquired from surfing the web or social networking.

Digital Native should need to learn language to communicate with other people in the world. Language is not only for communication but also for introducing, understanding people, and studying about other cultures.

Now, Digital Natives grow up as students. One of languages which they learn is English. English is important language in this world because of English is a bridge of language, almost every country in the world uses English for communication. Teaching and learning English in the classroom leads the students to master four language skills, which are writing, speaking, reading, and listening. Actually, English were given to the students when they were in elementary school until university, but every generation has different learning style, especially for digital natives.

According to Brown (1998) learning style is the way of people come to understand and remember information. The literature basically indicates that there is wide acceptance of the concept of learning styles and there is even a study proving learning styles (Thompson-Schill, Kraemer, Rosenberg, 2009). From the statement above, it can be seen that learning style has a big impact in learning process. However, there is disagreement on how to best measure learning style (Moseley,

3

Hall, Ecclestone, 2004). While the learning profession has long recognized the need for innovative instructional activities that relate to the diverse learning styles of learners, there are some questions to just how meaningful they are to the learning environment. That, most researchers agree that we do have various learning styles and preference. However, the research tends to agree that it is relative unimportant when designing learning programs. Rather it is more important to match the presentation with the nature of the subject, such as providing correct learning methods, strategies, and context rather than matching individual preferences (Coffield, 2004). For example, in a large meta study, Marzano (1998) found that graphic and tactile representations of the subject matter had noticeable effects on learning outcomes regardless of any attempt to match them with learners` modalities (learning preference or styles). Another study found that visual presentation through the use of pictures was advantageous for all adult, irrespective of a high or low learning styles preference for visual images. In addition, it was especially advantageous for those with a strong preference for verbal processing (Constantinidou, Baker, 2002).

According to Derekeb (2008), today students want to control how, what, and when a task should be completed. They use social media and other web based technologies that are suited to provide ways to engage in a social collaborative, and active dialogue in the online learning environment with their peers and instructor. In this way, students can utilize social technologies to share their thought process to their learning community, they are able to help each other work, modify their perceptions, and negotiate their own views.

4

There are seven learning styles based on Ronnie Johnson (2003), visual, aural, verbal, physical, logical, social, and solitary. Visual learning style is best in visualizing, dreaming, using the mind`s eye and working with color and pictures. This type of learner likes to draw, build, design and created thing, watch movies and play with machines. Aural learning style is best in rhythm, melody, and music. This type is good at picking up sound, remembering melodies, keeping time, sometimes with singing and playing an instrument. Verbal learning style is best using words, both of speech and writing. This type is smart in writing, speech and arranging the words. Physical learning style is best in touching, moving, and interacting with others and is a good at physical activities. Logical learning style is best in identifying, categorizing, and reasoning. This type likes to organize, collect, sort and recognize based on appearance, texture, and sound. Social learning style is best in sharing, comparing, and relating. This type of learner processes the world outside herself or himself, comfortable in a group, best in understanding people, good a leading others, and mediating conflict. Solitary learning style is best in working alone, likes individualized project, and having their own space. This type of learner is self attuned and is a good at focusing inward on feelings and dream, also this learner processes the world inside himself and talk only the necessary.

This research is close to Rohana Mei Syaro (2012) with the title “A Study of

Learning Styles used by Digital Native Learners at SMPN 2 Sukapura, Probolinggo”. She found four kinds of learning styles, visual, auditory, kinesthetic, individual learning style, and the style mostly used by the students was kinesthetic. The instrument used questionnaire and observation. Other research is Tri Kurniawati

5

(2008) with the title “The Students Learning Styles in Learning English at SMAN 1

Kawedanan, Magetan”. She found six kinds of learning styles, visual, auditory,

kinesthetic, tactile, group, and individual learning style. The style mostly use was auditory learning style. The instrument used in this study was questionnaire. Last research is Agustina (2006) with the title “The Students Learning Styles in Learning Speaking at SMPN 2 Tumpang, Malang”. She also found six kinds of learning styles, visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile, group, and individual learning style. The learning style mostly used was visual style. The instrument was used in this study was questionnaire.

Based on that explanation above, studying on student`s learning style especially learning English is useful. We can see that learning style can improve student knowledge as long as there is mismatch between teacher and students in learning and teaching. Accordingly, the writer wants to know about learning styles of English that are used by Digital Natives students especially on Senior High School because students at Senior High School seem applied technology, internet, and other social networking (Qomariyah, 2012; Mei Syaro, 2012; Kurniawati, 2008; Agustina, 2006). Nowdays, student have internet, laptops, cell phones with text messaging, digital cameras, blog, and any other number of digital technologies that allow them to instantly capture or communicate with their world. Students use these tools as extensions of their bodies and minds, fluidly incorporating them into their daily routines (Prensky, 2005). Therefore, the writer wants to conduct a research with the

title “A Study on English Learning Style in Second Year of Digital Native Students at

6

Wetan Pasuruan because the school already have internet access, and sometimes the teacher uses email for some assignment to the students and the students using laptop and internet access in learning process.

This study using descriptive method and the instruments are interview. The writer doing the interview in SMA Negeri 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan from 10 September 2014 until 11 September 2014, there are 10 students on this analyzed because the writer wants to get the valid data.

1.2Statement of Problem

Based on the statement of the study stated above, the writer formulates the research questions as follows:

1. What are the learning styles used in second year of digital native students at SMAN 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan?

2. What are the preferable English learning styles in second year of digital native students at SMAN 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan?

1.3Purpose of Study

Based on the statement of problem above, the purpose of study are:

1. To know the way of English learning style used in second year of digital native students at SMAN 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan.

2. To find the preferable of English learning style in second year of digital native students at SMAN 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan.

1.4Significant of Study

After this study has been completed, it is expected to contribute the following feedback to:

7 1. English teacher

The result of this study will help the English teacher to develop and improve their teaching technique, that can be accepted by their students, and the teacher can know how their students learning.

2. The reader

It is expected to the readers or researchers to continue the research with the different population and sample. It is also can be reference for them to identify their learning style based on their interest.

1.5Scope and limitation

This research is focused on the learning style of second year of digital native students at SMA Negeri 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan class XI consisting 34 students. This study limits on the learning style of English subject 2014-2015 academic year and the preferable learning style.

1.6Definition of Key Term

To get definition of key term used in the study, the following definition is given:

1. Learning is a process that brings together cognitive, emotional, and environment influences and experiences for acquiring, enhancing, or making changes in one`s knowledge, skill, values, and world views (Illeris, 2000).

2. Learning style is the composite of characteristic cognitive, affective, and physiological behaviors that serve as relatively stable indicators of how a learner perceives, interact with, and responds to the learning environment (Benchmark, 2005).

8

3. Digital Native is a person who was born during or after the general introduction of digital technologies and through interacting with digital technology from an early age, has a greater understanding of its concepts (Marc Prensky, 2001).

Hall, Ecclestone, 2004). While the learning profession has long recognized the need for innovative instructional activities that relate to the diverse learning styles of learners, there are some questions to just how meaningful they are to the learning environment. That, most researchers agree that we do have various learning styles and preference. However, the research tends to agree that it is relative unimportant when designing learning programs. Rather it is more important to match the presentation with the nature of the subject, such as providing correct learning methods, strategies, and context rather than matching individual preferences (Coffield, 2004). For example, in a large meta study, Marzano (1998) found that graphic and tactile representations of the subject matter had noticeable effects on learning outcomes regardless of any attempt to match them with learners` modalities (learning preference or styles). Another study found that visual presentation through the use of pictures was advantageous for all adult, irrespective of a high or low learning styles preference for visual images. In addition, it was especially advantageous for those with a strong preference for verbal processing (Constantinidou, Baker, 2002).

According to Derekeb (2008), today students want to control how, what, and when a task should be completed. They use social media and other web based technologies that are suited to provide ways to engage in a social collaborative, and active dialogue in the online learning environment with their peers and instructor. In this way, students can utilize social technologies to share their thought process to their learning community, they are able to help each other work, modify their perceptions, and negotiate their own views.

There are seven learning styles based on Ronnie Johnson (2003), visual, aural, verbal, physical, logical, social, and solitary. Visual learning style is best in visualizing, dreaming, using the mind`s eye and working with color and pictures. This type of learner likes to draw, build, design and created thing, watch movies and play with machines. Aural learning style is best in rhythm, melody, and music. This type is good at picking up sound, remembering melodies, keeping time, sometimes with singing and playing an instrument. Verbal learning style is best using words, both of speech and writing. This type is smart in writing, speech and arranging the words. Physical learning style is best in touching, moving, and interacting with others and is a good at physical activities. Logical learning style is best in identifying, categorizing, and reasoning. This type likes to organize, collect, sort and recognize based on appearance, texture, and sound. Social learning style is best in sharing, comparing, and relating. This type of learner processes the world outside herself or himself, comfortable in a group, best in understanding people, good a leading others, and mediating conflict. Solitary learning style is best in working alone, likes individualized project, and having their own space. This type of learner is self attuned and is a good at focusing inward on feelings and dream, also this learner processes the world inside himself and talk only the necessary.

This research is close to Rohana Mei Syaro (2012) with the title “A Study of Learning Styles used by Digital Native Learners at SMPN 2 Sukapura, Probolinggo”. She found four kinds of learning styles, visual, auditory, kinesthetic, individual learning style, and the style mostly used by the students was kinesthetic. The instrument used questionnaire and observation. Other research is Tri Kurniawati

(2008) with the title “The Students Learning Styles in Learning English at SMAN 1 Kawedanan, Magetan”. She found six kinds of learning styles, visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile, group, and individual learning style. The style mostly use was auditory learning style. The instrument used in this study was questionnaire. Last research is Agustina (2006) with the title “The Students Learning Styles in Learning Speaking at SMPN 2 Tumpang, Malang”. She also found six kinds of learning styles, visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile, group, and individual learning style. The learning style mostly used was visual style. The instrument was used in this study was questionnaire.

Based on that explanation above, studying on student`s learning style especially learning English is useful. We can see that learning style can improve student knowledge as long as there is mismatch between teacher and students in learning and teaching. Accordingly, the writer wants to know about learning styles of English that are used by Digital Natives students especially on Senior High School because students at Senior High School seem applied technology, internet, and other social networking (Qomariyah, 2012; Mei Syaro, 2012; Kurniawati, 2008; Agustina, 2006). Nowdays, student have internet, laptops, cell phones with text messaging, digital cameras, blog, and any other number of digital technologies that allow them to instantly capture or communicate with their world. Students use these tools as extensions of their bodies and minds, fluidly incorporating them into their daily routines (Prensky, 2005). Therefore, the writer wants to conduct a research with the title “A Study on English Learning Style in Second Year of Digital Native Students at SMAN 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan”. The writer chooses SMA Negeri 1 Gondang

Wetan Pasuruan because the school already have internet access, and sometimes the teacher uses email for some assignment to the students and the students using laptop and internet access in learning process.

This study using descriptive method and the instruments are interview. The writer doing the interview in SMA Negeri 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan from 10 September 2014 until 11 September 2014, there are 10 students on this analyzed because the writer wants to get the valid data.

1.2Statement of Problem

Based on the statement of the study stated above, the writer formulates the research questions as follows:

1. What are the learning styles used in second year of digital native students at SMAN 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan?

2. What are the preferable English learning styles in second year of digital native students at SMAN 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan?

1.3Purpose of Study

Based on the statement of problem above, the purpose of study are:

1. To know the way of English learning style used in second year of digital native students at SMAN 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan.

2. To find the preferable of English learning style in second year of digital native students at SMAN 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan.

1.4Significant of Study

After this study has been completed, it is expected to contribute the following feedback to:

1. English teacher

The result of this study will help the English teacher to develop and improve their teaching technique, that can be accepted by their students, and the teacher can know how their students learning.

2. The reader

It is expected to the readers or researchers to continue the research with the different population and sample. It is also can be reference for them to identify their learning style based on their interest.

1.5Scope and limitation

This research is focused on the learning style of second year of digital native students at SMA Negeri 1 Gondang Wetan Pasuruan class XI consisting 34 students. This study limits on the learning style of English subject 2014-2015 academic year and the preferable learning style.

1.6Definition of Key Term

To get definition of key term used in the study, the following definition is given:

1. Learning is a process that brings together cognitive, emotional, and environment influences and experiences for acquiring, enhancing, or making changes in one`s knowledge, skill, values, and world views (Illeris, 2000).

2. Learning style is the composite of characteristic cognitive, affective, and physiological behaviors that serve as relatively stable indicators of how a learner perceives, interact with, and responds to the learning environment (Benchmark, 2005).

3. Digital Native is a person who was born during or after the general introduction of digital technologies and through interacting with digital technology from an early age, has a greater understanding of its concepts (Marc Prensky, 2001).