SPEECH ACT’S IN “99 CAHAYA DI LANGIT EROPA” MOVIE’S SCRIPT.
SPEECH ACT’S IN “99 CAHAYA DI LANGIT EROPA”
MOVIE’S SCRIPT
A THESIS
Submitted to English Department,
Faculty of Language and Arts, State University of Medan,
In Partial Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
BY :
NUR HUDA
2103220032
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
DECLARATION
Except where appropriately acknowledge, this thesis in my own work, has been
expressed on my own words and has not previously been submitted for
assessment. I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or
otherwise for plagiarism.
Medan,
April 2015
Nur Huda
Reg. No 2103220032
ABSTRACT
Huda, Nur. Speech Acts in 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa movie’s script: A
Thesis. Medan: Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
2015
This thesis deals with speech acts in 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa movie’s Script.
The objectives of this study are to find out the types and the dominant types of
speech acts in 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa movie’s Script. This research is
conducted by descriptive qualitative design, which makes a description of the
situation or event/occurance. The data of this study is derived from the movie
script of 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa movie by downloading from internet that
focuses on the main character’s utterances. The results shows that there are 204
utterances. The findings indicated that 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa movie applied
five types of speech acts : Assertives, Directives, Commissives, Expressives, and
Declaratives. The total calculations and percentages of speech acts isn each types
are Assertive 40 ( 19,60%), directive 131 ( 64,21%), commissive 9 ( 4,41%),
expressive 8 ( 3,92%), declarative 16 (6,37%). And the dominant types of speech
acts is Directive (64,21%).
Keywords: 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa movie, speech act, movie.
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer liketo dedicate her special gratitude to Allah SWT,
Rabb who has Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim who always guide and protect the writer
in accomplishing this thesis.
This thesis has been written to fulfill the requirements for the degree of
Sarjana Sastra at English and Literature Department of Faculty of Language and
Arts the State University of Medan.
During the process of writing this thesis, the writer is indebted to many
people for their guidance, helps, comments and suggestion.
The writer also would like to dedicate her special gratitude to :
1. Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si, as the Rector of State University
of Medan.
2. Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M. Hum, as the Dean of Faculty of Language and
Arts, thanks for her leadership in academic process.
3. Prof. Dr. Sumarsih, M. Pd. as the Head of English and Literature
Departments.
4. Dra.Rahmah, M.Hum as the Head of Applied Linguistics Program, Dra.
Masitowarni Siregar, M. Ed as the Head of English Education thanks for
the suggestion during conducting the thesis.
5. Drs. Anni Holila Pulungan and Syamsul Bahri, S.S, M.Hum, as her
consultant lecturer, for their advices, suggestion, correction, motivation,
support, great ideas
and for precioustime that she had given during
completing this thesis.
6. Drs. Johan Sinulingga, M. Pd as her academic consultant who make me
become the best, suggestion and guidance.
7. Dr. Siti Aisah Ginting, M. Pd as the reviewer, thanks for the suggestions,
idea, especially giving a time for discussing the thesis.
8. Dra. Sri Juriati Ownie, M. A as as the reviewer, thanks for the
suggestions, idea, especially giving a time for discussing the thesis.
ii
9. Mam Eis who have helped her in providig the academic administrations.
10. Great thanks for My Family, especially my beloved parents, Suai’di Nur
and Sumiati Iriana who never give up to suppor, pray, sacrifices, their
endless love, giving spritual, financial, and always patient to help me. The
writer realize that without their love, she may never have overcome this
amazing and long adventure. They always give support to me in facing all
complications happened in my life. My beloved brothers, Fajrans Syah
Reza, and Farhan Syah Nur and siter, Budi Yanti for their support,
cares, prays, and the ideas. They entertain me when I got stuck and stress
because of this whole things.
11. Her great friends in Senior High School, especiallyNovi, Yanti, Yuli,
Icha, Izni and Halimah thanks you guys for the support, pray, and time
for togetherness when we school. And My belove friends in Faculty,
especiallySumarni Prapat, Vivien Banurea thank you guys for the
suggestion, pray, great idea, advices, and for precious time. Annisa
Latifah, and Mei thank for the support and pray me.
12. Her belove friends, especially Irwan Santoso thanks for the support, pray,
and time for you togetherness. And all classments in Applied Linguistics
A and B 2010 that she cannot be mentioned.
Finally, the writer would like to invite the readers to give suggestions and
responses for the improvement of this thesis in the future because she
admit that this thesis is still far from being complete and perfect.
Medan,
Maret 2015
The Writer,
Nur Huda_________
Reg No. 2103220032
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................
iv
CHAPTER I . INTRODUCTION ...............................................................
1
A. The Background of Study ...................................................................
1
B. The Problem of Study .........................................................................
5
C. The Scope of Study ............................................................................
5
D. The Objective of Study .......................................................................
5
E. The significance of Study ..................................................................
6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...........................................
7
A. Theoretical Framework .......................................................................
7
1. Pragmatics .......................................................................................
7
2. Speech Act ......................................................................................
10
a. The Element of Speech Act ........................................................
10
1) Locutionary Act ....................................................................
11
2) Illocutionary Act ...................................................................
11
3) Perlocutionary Act ................................................................
12
b. Types of Speech Act ..................................................................
12
1. Assertive.................................................................................
12
2. Directive .................................................................................
13
3. Commissive ............................................................................
13
4. Expressive ..............................................................................
14
5. Declarative .............................................................................
14
3. Movie ...............................................................................................
15
a. Movie Script ...............................................................................
15
b. The Brief Summary of “99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa” Movie .....
16
4. Biography of The Main Character ...................................................
18
iv
B. Relevant Studies ..................................................................................
19
C. Conceptual Framework .......................................................................
20
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ....................................
23
A. Research Design ..................................................................................
23
B. The Data of The Source ......................................................................
23
C. The Technique of Collecting Data ......................................................
23
D. The Technique of Analyzing the Data ................................................
24
CHAPTER IV. DATA, FINDING AND DISCUSSION ............................
25
A. The Data ..............................................................................................
25
B. The Data Analysis ...............................................................................
25
C. Research Findigs .................................................................................
38
D. Discussion ...........................................................................................
39
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...............................
42
A. Conclusion ..........................................................................................
42
B. Suggestion ...........................................................................................
43
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................
44
APPENDIX ....................................................................................................
45
v
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Human has spoken variety of languages. Human uses the language as a
medium to tell their thought, idea, or their experiences.
Humansoften
usevarioustypes oflanguages, such as: mother language, English and Indonesian.
The language is used to express inner thought and emotions, make sense of
complex and abstract thought, to learn to communicate with others, to fulfill our
wants and needs, as well as establish and keep our culture. Language is only one
of the common activities of a society. Language is a communication using in our
daily life, language is also the most important aspect in the life of all humans.
Linguistics explains about aspects of language in its use. Linguistics is the
scientific study of language.A science of the autonomous and using scientific
methods. The theory of applied linguistics is a branch of linguistics that focuses
on the general theory and methods in the study of language.The branch of
Linguistics can be divided into phonology, morphology, syntax, Pragmatics and
Semantics. Because of that, the applied linguistics can be applied in all fields. One
of them is education.
Humans sometimes uses language in Pragmatics and Semantic form.
Pragmatics means the sentences used more than saying the words, the speaker
needs to hearer to do things, while semantic means the speaker says the words in
literary meaning that connect to things. For example, “ This tea is too hot” there
are two meaning, the speaker needs a cold tea the tea is not too hot. The way of
2
human to speak in order to ask or say something to the hearer to get the point
depends on the hearer’s understanding.
In attemping to express themselves, people do not only produce utterances
containing gramatical structures and words, they perform action via those
utterance. Yule (1998:47) states that actions perform via utterances are generally
called speech act. Speech act is a kind of verbal communication. Such as, the
situation is in the office and a boss has a great deal of power, then the boss’s
utterances is “You’re fired!”, this is more than just a statement but the utterances
can be used to performed the act of ending employment.
According to Jhon Searle (1996) Speech Act is the speaker communicates
to the hearer more than he actually says by way of relying on their mutually
shared background information, both linguistic and nonlinguistic, together with
the general powers of rationality and inference on the part of the hearer.
Jhon Searle theory (1996:12) explained about the five types of speech act,
there are Assertive, Directives, Commissive, Expressive, and Declaractives.
Assertive is kind speech act can be judged for truth value. Directives are an
attempt to get hearer to do something. Commissive are statement that functionas
promises or refusals for action. Expressive are speech act that function to express
the way we feel (the speaker’s attitude) toward something. Declaratives are
speech acts that change the reality in accordance with the proposition of the
declaration.
Speech Act not only reflected in Linguistics, but also can be reflected
through movie. It can be found that in the movie consist of utterances or dialogue
3
and the dialogue itself is a language. Dialogue in movie is a literary and theatrical
form consisting of written or spoken conversational exchange between character
by two or more people. From this explanation, the writer understands about that
speech act happen not only in human’s daily life but also reflected in the movie.
Because movie has a conversation, and certainly the sentences contains of
pragmatics and specific to be categorized in speech act.
These screenplays can be original works or adaptations from existing
pieces of writing. In them, the movement, actions, expression, and dialogues of
the characters are also narrated.
Example from the utterance that uttered by the character namely Hanum.
She talks with her friend, namely Fatma in Restaurant.Conversation between
Hanum and Fatma.
Fatma
: Makan lagi sayang rotinya. (kepada anaknya)
(Honey, eat the bread please)? (to her children)
Hanum : Enggak usah, jangan Aisya!!
(No, no Aisya)!!
Enggak usah Fatma
(No Fatma)
F
: Kenapa?
(Why)?
H
: Mereka bilang “ katanya kita makan daging kita sendiri kalau kita
makan klosang (roti buatan Eropa ) ini, pengen aku kasih
pelajaran rasanya ke mereka.
4
They said“ its like we eat our body if we eat the klosang (made a bread
europe),
I want to make them understand. → Directive
F
: Hanum, Hanum..
Udah, aku ada cara lain kok.
(I have another way).
Based on the utterances above, the bold sentences is categorize on
Directive type. In speech act, Directive means attempt to get hearer to do
something. They express what the speaker wants. It can be uttered in a form of
forbidding, insisting, advising, asking, begging, challenging, daring, demanding,
inviting, ordering, permitting, recommending, requesting, suggesting, etc. It can
be categorized as Directive type because the character, Hanum uttered the
sentence which has a purpose. The purpose here means an action. Hanum said that
she wants to give a warn for the people who do not admire the religion. The
speaker not only uttered but also forced the hearer to do an action. The sentence
above can be formed in the Pragmatics or Semantics meaning. In this case, the
Semantic meaning the speaker’s utterances does not intend to get the hearer to do
something, but in Pragmatics meaning, Hanum’s utterance not only saying the
word or statement but also have meaning or purpose to hearer (Fatma) that forced
her to do something.
Looking at those explaination above, the writer is interested in discussing
the Speech Act study in the movie. This is because the movie itself showing the
picture so the writer can see directly the expression of the characters while
5
speaking or uttered a sentences. By doing this research the wrieter will help
people to know and understand about speech act especially.
B. The Problems of the Study
The problem of the study are formulated as follows :
1. What types of speech act uttered by the main character’s“on 99 Cahaya di
Langit Eropa” Movie’s script?
2. What is the dominant types of speech act uttered by the main character’s
“on 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa” Movie’s script?
3. What is the meaning of the dominant types of speech act uttered by the main
character’s “on 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa” Movie’s script?
C. The Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is limited to the main character’s utterances, on the
movie script entitled “99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa” movie’s script. To find out the
answer of the problems of the study, the writer used speech act theory based on
Jhon’s Searle. There are: Assertives, Directives, Commissive, Expressive, and
Declaratives, which are find in the “99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa” movie’s script.
D. The Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study are :
1. To find out the types of speech act that used on “99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa”
Movie’s script.
6
2. To analyzed the dominant types speech act that used on “99 Cahaya di Langit
Eropa” Movie’s script.
3. To find the meaning of the dominant types on “99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa”
Movie’s script.
E. The Significance of the Study.
The significance of the study, divided in two, there are:
Theoretically, the result of reseach can be a reference for the researcher or
those who plan to do the further researcher in the similar topic in Lingustics field.
Especially on speech act and the reader who wants to increase their knowledge
about pragmatics.
Practically, people who love watching “99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa”
Movie’s script. It is better for them to study or understand the speech act that used
in the utterances, especially the moral lesson which is on the “99 Cahaya di
Langit Eropa” Movie’s script. The writer hopes that this study will be useful for
the students of English Department who are interested in analyzing the study or
research using pragmatic subject.
42
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
This thesis deals with the speech act in “99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa”
movie’s script. This research conducted by descripive qualitative design, that is
make description of the situation and or event. After classifying and analyzing all
the data the result found that there are 204 utterances that uttered by the main
character’s, namelya Hanum and Rangga.
Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that :
1. All types of speech acts is used by the main character’s, namely Hanum and
Rangga in “99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa” movie’s script. There are 204
utterance consist of Directives is 131, (64,21%). Assertives is 40, (19,60%).
Declaratives is 16,(6,37%). Commissive is 9, (4,41%). Expressive is 8,
(3,92%) utterances.
2. After classifiying 204 utterances based on the typse of speech acts, then
found the dominant type. From all types, Directives is the most dominantly
used by the main character’s, namley Hanum and Rangga. It can be seen
from the total number of utterance that is 131 utterances or (64,21%).
3. From the previous analysis, it can be seen that Directives is the most
dominantly type of speech acts used by the main character’s on the movie’s.
There are: advising, asking, begging, challeging, daring, demanding,
forbidding, insisting, inviting, oredering, permitting, recommending,
requesting, and suggesting.
43
B. Suggestions
In relation to the conclusion above, the following are written as the
suggestion which useful for:
1. Students of English Department especially to Literature Student to learn
more about how Speech Acts used in a text, book and especially a dialogue
or script in the movie.
2. Other researcher who wants to make as reference for the further research to
analyze the five types of Speech Acts. This research can help the further
reseacher to know and understand how the five types of Speech Acts used in
communication.
3. People who loves 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa movie. It is better for them to
study or understand the Speech Acts that used in the utterances, especially
the main character’s, Hanum and Rangga and to know the purpose of the
utterances.
44
REFERENCES
Austin, J.L. 1962. How to Do Thing with Word. London: Oxford University Press.
Barsam, R and Monahan, D.2009. Looking at Movies: An Introduction to
Film.New York:W.w Norton & Company.
Creswell, John W. 2001: Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative
Approach.London:SAGE Publication.
Crystal, David. 1989. The Cambridge Ensiclopedia of Language. London:
CambridgeUniversity.
Dewi, Faricha.2011. Speech Act Analysis Used by the Main Character in Movie A
Walk to Remember. Journal of Linguistics, 9, 1-9.
Fransisca, 2008. Illocutionary Act On Alex’s Dialogue In Movie Madagascar 3:
Europe’s Most Wanted. Journal of Linguistics,
Kreidler, Charles W. 1979. Introducing English Semantics. New York: Great
Britain by TjInternational, Padstow, Cornwall.
Lubis, Dora Theresia. 2007. The Illocutionary Act in Leigh Anne Thohy’s
Dialogue in TheBlind Slide Movie. Unpublished Thesis State University
Of Medan.
Manurung, Hiskia. 2008. Speech Act in Forrest Gump Movie. Unpublished Thesis
State
University of Medan.
Octora, Natasha Febby. 2007. Analysis of Speech Act in Edward Cullen’s
Dialogue on Twilight Movie. Unpublished Thesis State University Of
Medan.
Peccei, Jean Stilwill. 1994. Child Language. London: Oxford University Press.
Rizzo, Michael. 2005. The Art Direction Handbook for Film. Amsterdam:Focal.
Searle, John. R. 1969. Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech
Act. United State of America : Cambridge Univerisity Press.
Sudaryat, Yayat. 2011. Makna Dalam Wacana: Prinsip-prinsip Semantik dan
Pragmatik. Bandung : CV. Yrama Widya.
Tiodora, Linda. 2007. Speech Act in Twilight’s Movie Script. Unpublished Thesis
State University of Medan.
Yule, George . 1996 . Pragmatics. Hongkong: Cambridge University Press.
MOVIE’S SCRIPT
A THESIS
Submitted to English Department,
Faculty of Language and Arts, State University of Medan,
In Partial Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
BY :
NUR HUDA
2103220032
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
DECLARATION
Except where appropriately acknowledge, this thesis in my own work, has been
expressed on my own words and has not previously been submitted for
assessment. I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or
otherwise for plagiarism.
Medan,
April 2015
Nur Huda
Reg. No 2103220032
ABSTRACT
Huda, Nur. Speech Acts in 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa movie’s script: A
Thesis. Medan: Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
2015
This thesis deals with speech acts in 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa movie’s Script.
The objectives of this study are to find out the types and the dominant types of
speech acts in 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa movie’s Script. This research is
conducted by descriptive qualitative design, which makes a description of the
situation or event/occurance. The data of this study is derived from the movie
script of 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa movie by downloading from internet that
focuses on the main character’s utterances. The results shows that there are 204
utterances. The findings indicated that 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa movie applied
five types of speech acts : Assertives, Directives, Commissives, Expressives, and
Declaratives. The total calculations and percentages of speech acts isn each types
are Assertive 40 ( 19,60%), directive 131 ( 64,21%), commissive 9 ( 4,41%),
expressive 8 ( 3,92%), declarative 16 (6,37%). And the dominant types of speech
acts is Directive (64,21%).
Keywords: 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa movie, speech act, movie.
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer liketo dedicate her special gratitude to Allah SWT,
Rabb who has Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim who always guide and protect the writer
in accomplishing this thesis.
This thesis has been written to fulfill the requirements for the degree of
Sarjana Sastra at English and Literature Department of Faculty of Language and
Arts the State University of Medan.
During the process of writing this thesis, the writer is indebted to many
people for their guidance, helps, comments and suggestion.
The writer also would like to dedicate her special gratitude to :
1. Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si, as the Rector of State University
of Medan.
2. Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M. Hum, as the Dean of Faculty of Language and
Arts, thanks for her leadership in academic process.
3. Prof. Dr. Sumarsih, M. Pd. as the Head of English and Literature
Departments.
4. Dra.Rahmah, M.Hum as the Head of Applied Linguistics Program, Dra.
Masitowarni Siregar, M. Ed as the Head of English Education thanks for
the suggestion during conducting the thesis.
5. Drs. Anni Holila Pulungan and Syamsul Bahri, S.S, M.Hum, as her
consultant lecturer, for their advices, suggestion, correction, motivation,
support, great ideas
and for precioustime that she had given during
completing this thesis.
6. Drs. Johan Sinulingga, M. Pd as her academic consultant who make me
become the best, suggestion and guidance.
7. Dr. Siti Aisah Ginting, M. Pd as the reviewer, thanks for the suggestions,
idea, especially giving a time for discussing the thesis.
8. Dra. Sri Juriati Ownie, M. A as as the reviewer, thanks for the
suggestions, idea, especially giving a time for discussing the thesis.
ii
9. Mam Eis who have helped her in providig the academic administrations.
10. Great thanks for My Family, especially my beloved parents, Suai’di Nur
and Sumiati Iriana who never give up to suppor, pray, sacrifices, their
endless love, giving spritual, financial, and always patient to help me. The
writer realize that without their love, she may never have overcome this
amazing and long adventure. They always give support to me in facing all
complications happened in my life. My beloved brothers, Fajrans Syah
Reza, and Farhan Syah Nur and siter, Budi Yanti for their support,
cares, prays, and the ideas. They entertain me when I got stuck and stress
because of this whole things.
11. Her great friends in Senior High School, especiallyNovi, Yanti, Yuli,
Icha, Izni and Halimah thanks you guys for the support, pray, and time
for togetherness when we school. And My belove friends in Faculty,
especiallySumarni Prapat, Vivien Banurea thank you guys for the
suggestion, pray, great idea, advices, and for precious time. Annisa
Latifah, and Mei thank for the support and pray me.
12. Her belove friends, especially Irwan Santoso thanks for the support, pray,
and time for you togetherness. And all classments in Applied Linguistics
A and B 2010 that she cannot be mentioned.
Finally, the writer would like to invite the readers to give suggestions and
responses for the improvement of this thesis in the future because she
admit that this thesis is still far from being complete and perfect.
Medan,
Maret 2015
The Writer,
Nur Huda_________
Reg No. 2103220032
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................
iv
CHAPTER I . INTRODUCTION ...............................................................
1
A. The Background of Study ...................................................................
1
B. The Problem of Study .........................................................................
5
C. The Scope of Study ............................................................................
5
D. The Objective of Study .......................................................................
5
E. The significance of Study ..................................................................
6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...........................................
7
A. Theoretical Framework .......................................................................
7
1. Pragmatics .......................................................................................
7
2. Speech Act ......................................................................................
10
a. The Element of Speech Act ........................................................
10
1) Locutionary Act ....................................................................
11
2) Illocutionary Act ...................................................................
11
3) Perlocutionary Act ................................................................
12
b. Types of Speech Act ..................................................................
12
1. Assertive.................................................................................
12
2. Directive .................................................................................
13
3. Commissive ............................................................................
13
4. Expressive ..............................................................................
14
5. Declarative .............................................................................
14
3. Movie ...............................................................................................
15
a. Movie Script ...............................................................................
15
b. The Brief Summary of “99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa” Movie .....
16
4. Biography of The Main Character ...................................................
18
iv
B. Relevant Studies ..................................................................................
19
C. Conceptual Framework .......................................................................
20
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ....................................
23
A. Research Design ..................................................................................
23
B. The Data of The Source ......................................................................
23
C. The Technique of Collecting Data ......................................................
23
D. The Technique of Analyzing the Data ................................................
24
CHAPTER IV. DATA, FINDING AND DISCUSSION ............................
25
A. The Data ..............................................................................................
25
B. The Data Analysis ...............................................................................
25
C. Research Findigs .................................................................................
38
D. Discussion ...........................................................................................
39
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...............................
42
A. Conclusion ..........................................................................................
42
B. Suggestion ...........................................................................................
43
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................
44
APPENDIX ....................................................................................................
45
v
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Human has spoken variety of languages. Human uses the language as a
medium to tell their thought, idea, or their experiences.
Humansoften
usevarioustypes oflanguages, such as: mother language, English and Indonesian.
The language is used to express inner thought and emotions, make sense of
complex and abstract thought, to learn to communicate with others, to fulfill our
wants and needs, as well as establish and keep our culture. Language is only one
of the common activities of a society. Language is a communication using in our
daily life, language is also the most important aspect in the life of all humans.
Linguistics explains about aspects of language in its use. Linguistics is the
scientific study of language.A science of the autonomous and using scientific
methods. The theory of applied linguistics is a branch of linguistics that focuses
on the general theory and methods in the study of language.The branch of
Linguistics can be divided into phonology, morphology, syntax, Pragmatics and
Semantics. Because of that, the applied linguistics can be applied in all fields. One
of them is education.
Humans sometimes uses language in Pragmatics and Semantic form.
Pragmatics means the sentences used more than saying the words, the speaker
needs to hearer to do things, while semantic means the speaker says the words in
literary meaning that connect to things. For example, “ This tea is too hot” there
are two meaning, the speaker needs a cold tea the tea is not too hot. The way of
2
human to speak in order to ask or say something to the hearer to get the point
depends on the hearer’s understanding.
In attemping to express themselves, people do not only produce utterances
containing gramatical structures and words, they perform action via those
utterance. Yule (1998:47) states that actions perform via utterances are generally
called speech act. Speech act is a kind of verbal communication. Such as, the
situation is in the office and a boss has a great deal of power, then the boss’s
utterances is “You’re fired!”, this is more than just a statement but the utterances
can be used to performed the act of ending employment.
According to Jhon Searle (1996) Speech Act is the speaker communicates
to the hearer more than he actually says by way of relying on their mutually
shared background information, both linguistic and nonlinguistic, together with
the general powers of rationality and inference on the part of the hearer.
Jhon Searle theory (1996:12) explained about the five types of speech act,
there are Assertive, Directives, Commissive, Expressive, and Declaractives.
Assertive is kind speech act can be judged for truth value. Directives are an
attempt to get hearer to do something. Commissive are statement that functionas
promises or refusals for action. Expressive are speech act that function to express
the way we feel (the speaker’s attitude) toward something. Declaratives are
speech acts that change the reality in accordance with the proposition of the
declaration.
Speech Act not only reflected in Linguistics, but also can be reflected
through movie. It can be found that in the movie consist of utterances or dialogue
3
and the dialogue itself is a language. Dialogue in movie is a literary and theatrical
form consisting of written or spoken conversational exchange between character
by two or more people. From this explanation, the writer understands about that
speech act happen not only in human’s daily life but also reflected in the movie.
Because movie has a conversation, and certainly the sentences contains of
pragmatics and specific to be categorized in speech act.
These screenplays can be original works or adaptations from existing
pieces of writing. In them, the movement, actions, expression, and dialogues of
the characters are also narrated.
Example from the utterance that uttered by the character namely Hanum.
She talks with her friend, namely Fatma in Restaurant.Conversation between
Hanum and Fatma.
Fatma
: Makan lagi sayang rotinya. (kepada anaknya)
(Honey, eat the bread please)? (to her children)
Hanum : Enggak usah, jangan Aisya!!
(No, no Aisya)!!
Enggak usah Fatma
(No Fatma)
F
: Kenapa?
(Why)?
H
: Mereka bilang “ katanya kita makan daging kita sendiri kalau kita
makan klosang (roti buatan Eropa ) ini, pengen aku kasih
pelajaran rasanya ke mereka.
4
They said“ its like we eat our body if we eat the klosang (made a bread
europe),
I want to make them understand. → Directive
F
: Hanum, Hanum..
Udah, aku ada cara lain kok.
(I have another way).
Based on the utterances above, the bold sentences is categorize on
Directive type. In speech act, Directive means attempt to get hearer to do
something. They express what the speaker wants. It can be uttered in a form of
forbidding, insisting, advising, asking, begging, challenging, daring, demanding,
inviting, ordering, permitting, recommending, requesting, suggesting, etc. It can
be categorized as Directive type because the character, Hanum uttered the
sentence which has a purpose. The purpose here means an action. Hanum said that
she wants to give a warn for the people who do not admire the religion. The
speaker not only uttered but also forced the hearer to do an action. The sentence
above can be formed in the Pragmatics or Semantics meaning. In this case, the
Semantic meaning the speaker’s utterances does not intend to get the hearer to do
something, but in Pragmatics meaning, Hanum’s utterance not only saying the
word or statement but also have meaning or purpose to hearer (Fatma) that forced
her to do something.
Looking at those explaination above, the writer is interested in discussing
the Speech Act study in the movie. This is because the movie itself showing the
picture so the writer can see directly the expression of the characters while
5
speaking or uttered a sentences. By doing this research the wrieter will help
people to know and understand about speech act especially.
B. The Problems of the Study
The problem of the study are formulated as follows :
1. What types of speech act uttered by the main character’s“on 99 Cahaya di
Langit Eropa” Movie’s script?
2. What is the dominant types of speech act uttered by the main character’s
“on 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa” Movie’s script?
3. What is the meaning of the dominant types of speech act uttered by the main
character’s “on 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa” Movie’s script?
C. The Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is limited to the main character’s utterances, on the
movie script entitled “99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa” movie’s script. To find out the
answer of the problems of the study, the writer used speech act theory based on
Jhon’s Searle. There are: Assertives, Directives, Commissive, Expressive, and
Declaratives, which are find in the “99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa” movie’s script.
D. The Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study are :
1. To find out the types of speech act that used on “99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa”
Movie’s script.
6
2. To analyzed the dominant types speech act that used on “99 Cahaya di Langit
Eropa” Movie’s script.
3. To find the meaning of the dominant types on “99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa”
Movie’s script.
E. The Significance of the Study.
The significance of the study, divided in two, there are:
Theoretically, the result of reseach can be a reference for the researcher or
those who plan to do the further researcher in the similar topic in Lingustics field.
Especially on speech act and the reader who wants to increase their knowledge
about pragmatics.
Practically, people who love watching “99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa”
Movie’s script. It is better for them to study or understand the speech act that used
in the utterances, especially the moral lesson which is on the “99 Cahaya di
Langit Eropa” Movie’s script. The writer hopes that this study will be useful for
the students of English Department who are interested in analyzing the study or
research using pragmatic subject.
42
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
This thesis deals with the speech act in “99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa”
movie’s script. This research conducted by descripive qualitative design, that is
make description of the situation and or event. After classifying and analyzing all
the data the result found that there are 204 utterances that uttered by the main
character’s, namelya Hanum and Rangga.
Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that :
1. All types of speech acts is used by the main character’s, namely Hanum and
Rangga in “99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa” movie’s script. There are 204
utterance consist of Directives is 131, (64,21%). Assertives is 40, (19,60%).
Declaratives is 16,(6,37%). Commissive is 9, (4,41%). Expressive is 8,
(3,92%) utterances.
2. After classifiying 204 utterances based on the typse of speech acts, then
found the dominant type. From all types, Directives is the most dominantly
used by the main character’s, namley Hanum and Rangga. It can be seen
from the total number of utterance that is 131 utterances or (64,21%).
3. From the previous analysis, it can be seen that Directives is the most
dominantly type of speech acts used by the main character’s on the movie’s.
There are: advising, asking, begging, challeging, daring, demanding,
forbidding, insisting, inviting, oredering, permitting, recommending,
requesting, and suggesting.
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B. Suggestions
In relation to the conclusion above, the following are written as the
suggestion which useful for:
1. Students of English Department especially to Literature Student to learn
more about how Speech Acts used in a text, book and especially a dialogue
or script in the movie.
2. Other researcher who wants to make as reference for the further research to
analyze the five types of Speech Acts. This research can help the further
reseacher to know and understand how the five types of Speech Acts used in
communication.
3. People who loves 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa movie. It is better for them to
study or understand the Speech Acts that used in the utterances, especially
the main character’s, Hanum and Rangga and to know the purpose of the
utterances.
44
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