This book tells about the product of a heightened sense of individualism and self awareness, had to wait for the Renaissance, after the close of the Middle Ages, is
said to have been needed in order to produce the personal diary, as differentiated from the keeping of daily public records. In striking contrast to the West, Islam
developed the diary very early in its history, earlier than has heretofore been known.
31
e. The Rise of Colleges: Institutions of Learning in Islam and the West. Edinburgh:
Edinburgh University Press, 1981.
The book tells about Makdisis important work traces the development and organisational structure of learning institutions in Islam, and reassesses scholarship
on the origins and growth of the Madrasa.
32
f. The Rise of Humanism in Classical Islam and the Christian West. Edinburgh:
Edinburgh University Press, 1990.
The book tells about a survey of the historical development of two major intellectual movements. It shows that these movements, which have long been
considered as of exclusively Western origin, in fact have their roots deep in Islamic soil. Professor Makdisi argues that scholasticism the movement of the school guilds
in the Middle Ages, and humanism a movement from the Italian Renaissance came to the Christian West around 1100 through Spain, via an influx of Arabic books
from Classical Islam.
33
Articles a.
An Islamic Element in the Early Spanish University, Islam: Past Influence and Present Challenge. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1979.
b.
Al-Ghazali, Disciple de Shafi i en droit et en théologie, Ghazali: La raison et le miracle.
Paris: Ėditions Maissonneuve,
. c.
Madrasa and University in the Middle Ages. Studia Islamica, No.32. 1970.
d. Muslim Institutions of Learning in Eleventh-Century Baghdad , BSOAS, XXIV, 1961.
BSOAS: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
31
http:www.goodreads.combookshow689770.Rise_of_Colleges . Accessed February,
25 2013.
32
http:www.jstor.orgdiscover10.23072505304?uid=3738224uid=2129uid=2134uid=2uid=70uid=4sid =21101701824773
. Accessed February, 25 2013.
33
http:www.goodreads.combookshow521819.The_Rise_Of_Humanism_In_Classical _Islam_And The_Christian_West. 25022013
. Accessed February, 25 2013
e. On the Origin and Development of the College in slam and the West , Islam and the
West: Aspects of Intercultural Relations, ed. K.I.H Semaan. Albany, New York: SUNY
Press, 1980. f.
The Guilds of Law in Medieval Legal History: An Inquiry into the Origins of the Inns of Court. 1984.
g. The Madrasa as a Charitable Trust and the University as a Corporation in the Middle
Ages. 1970 h.
The Madrasa in Spain: Some Remarks, Law and Tradisionalism in the Institutions of
Learning of Medieval Islam and An Islamic Element in the Early Spanish University.
1973.
i. The Scholastic Method in Medieval Education: An Inquiry into its Origins in Law and
Theology. 1974.
j. The Topography of Eleventh-Century Baghdad: Materials and Notes , 1959.
The Rise of Colleges and The Rise of Humanism in Classical Islam and the Christian
West with Special Reference to Scholasticism are claimed as Makdisi s prime work.
In writing his books, Makdisi uses good references either from Moslem thinker or Western thinker. He uses many classic references such as:
a. Ahmad Shalaby. History of Muslim Education. Beirut: 1954.
b. Al-Ghazzali. Mizan al-Amal. Cairo: 1327-8 1899.
c. Al- Subki. Tabaqat as-Syafi iyah al-Kubra
d. Ibn Muflih al-Adab al-Shar iya wa l-Minah al-Mar iya ,
e. al-Syirazi al-Tanbih fi l-Fiqh ala Madhhab al-Imam al-Shafi i ,
f. al-Baghdady al-Faqih wa l-Mutafaqqih. Cairo: 1975.
g. Abu Ya la Ahkam al-Sultaniya,
h. al-Maqdisi Ahsan al-Taqasim fi Ma rifat al-Aqalim,
i. Ibn an-Najjar Dhail tarikh Baghdad
j. Ibn Kathir al-Bidaya wa l-Nihaya fi l-Tarikh,
k. Ibn Nadhim al-Fihrist. Cairo: ar-Rahmaniya Press, 13481929.
l. Ibn Taimiya Majmu at-fatawa
m. bn Aqil Kitab al-Funun. Beirut: Institut de Lettres of Orientales, 1970.
n. F. Rosenthal. A History of Muslim Historiography. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1952.
o. I. Goldziher. Muhammadanische Studien
p. J. Schahct. An Introduction to Islamic law, Oxford: The Clarendon Press 1964.
q. J. Ribera. Disertaciones y opusculos. Madrid. 1928.
r. M. Nakosteen. History of Islamic Origin of Western Education. Colorado: University
of Colorado Press. s.
Richard W. Bulliet. Patricians of Nishapur. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1972.
t. W. M. Watt. The Closing of the Door of jtihad. in Orientalia Hispencia
Leiden: E. J Brill u.
N. Daniel. Islam, Europe and Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1966. v.
Yaqut Irshad al-Arib ila Ma rifat al-Adib, w.
Ibn Taimiya al-Kamil fi l-Tarikh, x.
al-Maqrizi, al-Mawa iz wa l- tibar bi-Dhikr al-Khitat wa l-Athar. Cairo: Bulaq, 127018
CHAPTER III GEORGE MAKDISI’S THOUGHT ON MADRASA
