43
1. Look
The first step in conducting action research is „look‟ that refers to gathering data and observing the activities in the classroom. This step is carried
out in order to collect the information about the real situation of the teaching and learning process at class VII A of SMP Institut Indonesia. In the implementation,
this step was realized by observing the teaching and learning process, and interviewing the teacher and the students.
2. Think
The second step is „think‟ which refers to reflecting and analyzing the classroom activities. This step is carried out to identify problems related to
English teaching and learning. The problems are then classified to find the most feasible problem to be dealt with.
3. Act
The „act‟ refers to planning, teaching and evaluating. In this step the research collaborators and I as a team collaboratively plan the actions to deal with
the problems occurring in the classroom while considering the factors contributing to the problems. The planned actions include the implementation of GBA and
followed by evaluation of the actions. As Lodico et al 2010 define, action research is an ongoing process of
reflecting on practice, identifying problems, and formulating new research questions and action plans to remedy the problems. Consequently, after the
planned actions are completed and evaluated, I need to reflect on my actions to later identify problems that still exist in the teaching and learning process.
44 Therefore, the study goes in cycles. After one cycle of the actions was
completed, another cycle was conducted to see the consistency of the results. Prior to conducting the next cycle, I reflected on the actions in the previous cycle to
identify what worked and what did not work. The activities considered effective are to be implemented again in the next cycle while the less effective ones should
be modified.
C. Research Data Collection
Qualitative and quantitative data were collected during the research. The data about classroom interactions were collected through observation. The
instrument for collecting the data was paper notes and a digital camera. In addition, the
data about students‟ views on certain aspects of the learning process was collected through interviews. T
he data about the members‟ view on the plans, actions, and the results of the actions were obtained through discussions. The
instrument to collect the data was paper notes and a recorder. The quantitative data were the
students‟ writing performance which was collected from the students‟ final draft by the end of each cycle.
D. Validity and Reliability
1. Validity
To fulfill the research trustworthiness, democratic validity, outcome validity, process validity, catalytic validity, and dialogic validity were employed
Burns 1999.
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