v
TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstract i
Abstrak i i
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement i v
Table of Content v
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix
List Abbreviations x
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background
1 1.2
Problem Statement 2
1.3 Objective
2 1.4
Scopes of Study 2
1.5 Expected Results
3
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Rapid Prototyping
4 2.1.1 Overview of Rapid Prototyping
4 2.1.2 Three Dimensional Printing 3DP
5 2.1.3 Overview the Z-Printer 310 Plus Machine
6 2.1.3.1 The Z-Printer 310 Plus Machine Operation
7 2.2
The Basic CAD Process in 3D Printing Environment 9
2.2.1 Create a CAD Model of The Design
9 2.2.2
Convert the Cad Model to STL Format 9
2.2.3 Slice the STL File Into Thin Cross-Sectional layers
10
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2.2.4 Construct the Model One Layer Atop Another 10
2.3 3D Printer Parameters
10 2.3.1 Build Orientation
11 2.3.1.1
Part Placement 11
2.3.1.2 Strength 11
2.3.2 Layer Thickness 11
2.3.3 Speed 12
2.4 Surface Roughness
15 2.4.1 Surface Texture
15 2.5
Dimensional Accuracy 16
2.6 Hydroxyapatite
17 2.6.1 The Applications of HA
18 2.6.2 Hydroxyapatite Compound
18 2.6.3 Commercial Calcium Phosphate Powders
18 2.6.4 HA Extraction from Bone
19 2.7
Finding from Past Researchers 20
2.8 Conclusion
22
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2 3
3.1 Flow Chart of Study
23 3.2
Level 1: Planning 25
3.2.1 Define the Objectives of the Experiment 25
3.2.2 Identify the Parameters Appropriate 25
3.2.2.1 Layer Thickness 25
3.2.2.2 Build Orientation 26
3.2.2.3 Speed 28
3.2.3 Identify and Establish the Prototype Design 28
3.2.4 Identify the Respond Variables 29
3.3 Level 2: Conducting 29
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3.3.1 Preparation of the Experiments 29
3.3.2 Material Selection 30
3.3.3 Running the Experiments 31
3.3.3.1 Crusher Machine 33
3.3.3.2 Granulator Machine 33
3.3.3.3 Vibratory Sieve shaker Fritsch Pulverrisette 14 34
3.3.3.4 3D Printer 310 Manual Plus Machine 34
3.3.3.5 Surface Roughness Testing 36
3.3.3.6 CMM: Wenzel LH 54 37
3.4 Level 3: Analysis 41
3.4.1 Define Analysis 41
3.4.2 Discussion 42
3.4.3 Surface Roughness Data Analysis 45
3.4.4 Dimensional Accuracy Data Analysis 45
3.4.5 Conclusion of the results 46
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 47
4.1 Result
47 4.2
Discussion 51
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 56
