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In collecting the survey data, the researcher distributed the survey together with the explanatory statement explaining the research in general, including the
purposes and the significance of the study as well as contact person for the research. Participants were invited to complete the survey and do it in their own
time and at their convenience and then return the survey to the researcher upon completing it. Upon agreeing to participate in the study, the participants were
asked to sign the consent form.
The survey was given in two versions, the English and the Indonesian versions. The Indonesian version was aimed to support
participants‘ understanding in case there were teachers who did not understand words or sentences in the
survey. For practical reasons, however, the teachers were asked to complete only the English version.
The response rate achieved by this study was eighty one point seven percent 81.7. From the two hundred copies of questionnaire the researcher copied,
one hundred and eighty six of them were distributed to teachers during the period of data collection. From the distributed questionnaires, one hundred and
fifty two questionnaires were returned to the researcher.
3.8.2 Classroom observations
Classroom observations in this study were conducted in the teachers‘ regular classes in their respective schools. The participating teachers were aware that
they were being observed and of the purposes of the observation. The
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observations were done in two teaching sessions for each teacher. Prior to the classroom observation, the researcher had paid several visits and had informal
talks with the teachers. The researcher also went into the classroom several times before the observation took place. This was aimed to ease the situation,
and to make the students and the teacher familiar with the researcher so that on the execution of the observation the researcher would not be a complete stranger
that would have made the teachers to feel awkward. Data gained through classroom observation were in the form of checklist based on the observation
schedule and accompanied with th e researcher‘s notes on important things
found during the observation. These checklists, together with the notes, were then used to make process vignettes.
3.8.3 The Interviews
Interviews with the participants were conducted outside their teaching hours. The approximately 30-minute-interviews were done at school after the teachers
had finished their teaching sessions. Interviews were done in English, except for one teacher who expressed feeling it would be difficult if the interview was
done in English. She was, therefore, interviewed in Indonesian. The interviews were recorded, and the data were transcribed into transcriptions that functioned
as the main sources of the data in the follow-up study. The transcription of the interview done in Indonesian was then translated into English and verified by
two Indonesian speakers who had adequate knowledge and skills in speaking and writing English.
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3.9 Issues of confidentiality and anonymity
