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TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS ABSTRAK
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 RESEARCH ASPECTS
1.1.1 BACKGROUND 1.1.2 RATIONALE OF THE STUDY
1.1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 1.1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1.1.6 CORPUS
1.1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 1.1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.1.9 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS 1.2
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE LANGUAGES UNDER STUDY
1.2.1 ARABIC LANGUAGE
1.2.2 ENGLISH LANGUAGE
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xv xvi
xviii xix
1 1
2 4
5 6
7 9
9 10
11 12
16
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1.2.3 FRENCH LANGUAGE
1.3 THE LANGUAGES UNDER STUDY AND TRANSLATION PROBLEMS
1.3.1 WORD FORMATION 1.3.2 NOUNS AND PRONOUNS
1.3.3 GENDER 1.3.4 NUMBER
1.3.5 CASE 1.3.6 MOOD
1.3.7 ADJECTIVES 1.3.8 TENSE
1.3. 9 CONJUNCTIONS 1.3.10 WORD ORDER
1.3.10.1 ARABIC WORD ORDER 1.3.10.2 ENGLISH WORD ORDER
1.3.10.3 FRENCH WORD ORDER 1.3.11 PUNCTUATION
1.3.12 FAUX AMIS
1.3.13 SYNTAX 1.3.14 WORD CLASS
1.3.15 PECULIARITIES
CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS
2.2 MULTILINGUALISM AND TRANSLATION
2.3 TRANSLATION 19
21 21
24 26
27 29
30 34
36 38
39 40
43 44
47 47
48 50
52
54 56
58
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2.3.1 WRITING AND TRANSLATING 2.3.2 SYNTAX AND TRANSLATION
2.3.3 SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC CONCEPTS IN TRANSLATION
2.4 DESCRIPTIVE TRANSLATION STUDY
2.5 PERSPECTIVES OF TEXT 2.5.1 TEXT TYPE
2.5.2 STYLE 2.5.3 LITERATURE AND LITERARINESS
2.5.4 FIGURES OF SPEECH 2.5.4.1 METAPHOR
2.5.4.2 SIMILE 2.5.4.3 METONYMY
2.5.4.4 SYNECDOCHE 2.5.4.5 PERSONIFICATION
2.5.4.6 IRONY 2.6 LITERARY TRANSLATION
2.6.1 TRANSLATION AND VERSE 2.6.2 DRAMA TRANSLATION
2.6.3 FICTION TRANSLATION 2.6.4 CULTURE AND TRANSLATION
2.7 TRANSLATION PROCEDURES 2.7.1 BORROWING
2.7.2 CALQUE 2.7.3 LITERAL TRANSLATION
2.7.4 TRANSPOSITION 2.7.5 MODULATION
61 62
63 66
69 69
72 75
77 77
78 79
79 80
80 81
84 89
90 92
96 98
99 100
101 102
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2.7.6 EQUIVALENCE 2.7.7 ADAPTATION
2.8 RECAPITULATION
CHAPTER 3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
3.1.1 LAMBERT AND VAN GORP’S SYSTEMS THEORY 3.1.2 JUSTIFICATION OF THE THEORY
3.1.3 TRANSLATION AND
MODELLING 3.2 ASPECTS
OF ANALYSIS
3.2.1 MACROSTRUCTURES 3.2.2 MICROSTRUCTURES
3.2.2.1 COHESION 3.2.2.1.1 REFERENCE
3.2.2.1.1.1 PERSONAL REFERENCE 3.2.2.1.1.2 DEMONSTRATIVE REFERENCE
3.2.2.1.1.3 COMPARATIVE REFERENCE 3.2.2.1.2 SUBSTITUTION
3.2.2.1.2.1 NOMINAL SUBSTITUTION 3.2.2.1.2.2 VERBAL SUBSTITUTION
3.2.2.1.2.3 CLAUSAL SUBSTITUTION 3.2.2.1.3 ELLIPSIS
3.2.2.1.3.1 NOMINAL ELLIPSIS 3.2.2.1.3.2 VERBAL ELLIPSIS
3.2.2.1.3.3 CLAUSAL ELLIPSIS 3.2.2.1.4 CONJUNCTIONS
102 103
103
104 104
105 107
108 108
111 112
114 114
115 115
116 116
116 117
117 117
118 118
118
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3.2.2.1.4.1 ADDITIVE CONJUNCTIONS 3.2.2.1.4.2 ADVERSATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
3.2.2.1.4.3 CAUSAL CONJUNCTIONS 3.2.2.1.4.4 TEMPORAL CONJUNCTIONS
3.2.2.1.4.5 CONTINUATIVE CONJUNCTIONS 3.2.2.1.5 LEXICAL COHESION
3.2.2.2 MODALITY 3.2.2.3 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICES
3.2.2.4 WORD AND MEANING 3.3 CORPUS
3.3.1 JUSTIFICATION OF THE CORPUS 3.3.1.1 ARABIC NOVEL
3.3.1.2 ENGLISH NOVEL 3.3.1.3 FRENCH NOVEL
3.3.2 JUSTIFICATION OF THE CHOICE OF THE CORPUS 3.4 TEXT ANALYSIS
3.5 SELECTION AND COLLECTION OF EXTRACTS 3.6 TEXTS AND EXTRACTS LABELLING AND NUMBERING
3.7 DEFINITION OF DATA 3.7.1 DATA IDENTIFICATION AND COLLECTION
3.7.2 DATA ANALYSIS 3.7.3 COMPARABILITY
3.7.4 SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO TEXT ANALYSIS 119
119 119
120 120
121 121
127 129
131 132
133 134
135 136
137 137
138 138
139 139
140 140
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CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS OF MIDAQ ALLEY
