Implementation; Implementation is the process of putting a

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id According to Harmer, “The goal of teaching a foreign language is to gain the ability to communi cate in the target language”. 6 Therefore, the teacher should give the students opportunities to use the target language to communicate with other. The ability to communicate in a foreign language clearly contributes to the success of the learner in school and success later in every phase of life. There are three main reasons for getting students to speak in the classroom. First, speaking activities provide rehearsal opportunities, chances to practice real-life speaking in the safety of the classroom. Second, speaking task in which students try to use any or all of the languages they know provide feedback for both teachers and students. Everyone can see how well they are doing, both how successful they are, and also what language problems they are experiencing. Finally, good speaking activities can and should be highly motivating. As a result, students gradually become autonomous language users. 7 This means that they will be able to use words and phrases fluently without very mush conscious thought 8 . There are four characteristics of successful speaking activities in teaching speaking, they are : a. Learners talk a lot : as much as possible of the period time are occupied by learner talk. 6 Jeremy Harmer, How to Teach English, Longman :Pearson Education Limited, 2007, 123 7 Jeremy harmer, How to teach English, Longman: England, 1998, page. 94. 8 Ibid.,. 87 digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id b. Participation is even; Classroom discussion is not dominated by a minority of talkative participants, all get a chance to speak, or as participator. c. Motivation is high; learner are eager to speak, because they are interested in the topic and have something new to say about it, or because they want to contribute to achieving a task objective. d. Language is of an acceptable level; learners express themselves in utterances that are relevant, easily comprehensible to each other, and of an acceptable level of language accuracy. 9 In the inhibition, learners are often inhibited about trying to say things in foreign language in the classroom; worried about making mistakes, fearful of criticism or losing face, or simply shy of the attention that their speech attracts. According to Penny Ur, the problems are including inhibition, nothing to say, low or uneven participation, mother-tongue use. 10

b. Teaching Stages for a Speaking Activity

Teaching speaking can be various activities. Thornbury suggests that teaching of speaking depends on there being a classroom culture of speaking, and that classrooms need to become talking classrooms. 11 In other words, students speaking abilities will be improved if the teacher creates different 9 Penny Ur, A Course in Language Teaching, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 120 10 Penny Ur, A Course in Language Teaching. Cambridge : University Press, 1996, p.120 11 Ibid.. 87