DEVELOPING PICTURE AS A MEDIUM OF TEACHING WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT SMP NEGERI 5 TANJUNGBALAI.

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DEVELOPING PICTURE AS A MEDIUM OF TEACHING

WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT SMP NEGERI 5

TANJUNGBALAI

A THESIS

Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan

By:

RIZKI RAMADHANSYAH. P

Registration Number: 2123321067

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2017

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i ABSTRACT

Rizki Ramadhansyah, P. 2123321067. Developing Picture as a Medium of Teaching Writing Descriptive Text at SMP Negeri 5 Tanjungbalai. Thesis: English Educational Program. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan.

This research is aimed at developing good picture as a media, interest and easy to be learnt, and can be used for teaching writing descriptive text. This study is developmental research uses Borg and Gall model. The subject of this research is the class VIII 4 of SMP Negeri 5 Tanjungbalai which consists of 35 students. The evaluators of the media are two experts. This instruments employed in this study are observation, questionnaires and test. The finding of the study is the quality of the developed picture media viewed from the experts is excellent (87,5%). The final product of this picture media is continued with effectiveness exam. The samples are 35 students which is given a sequence pictures of pet. Test were administrated to

measure students’ ability in writing descriptive text by using picture and also for testing the product. The scoring system was based on five aspects; they are content, organization, vocabulary, language use, mechanics. The result shows that there is an

increase of students’ ability in writing descriptive text by using picture as a medium. Therefore, the writer suggest to English teacher to develop picture as one of the

alternative ways to increase the students’ descriptive text writing ability. Keywords: picture, writing, descriptive text.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, the writer would like to express the deepest gratitude to Allah SWT, the Almighty and the Most Beneficial for the Blessing, Grace, Guidance, and Mercy that have been given to the writer to complete this thesis entitled “Developing Picture as a Medium of Teaching Writing Descriptive Text at SMP Negeri 5 Tanjungbalai”. This Thesis has been written in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd) at the English and Literature Department, Faculty of Language and Arts, State University of Medan.

During the process of writing and conducting the research, the writer was assisted and supported by many people. This thesis cannot be accomplished without guidance, suggestion, and comment from them, for which the writer would like to express his sincere appreciation which directed to:

 Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of Medan.

 Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Languages and Arts Faculty.  Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature

Department and Dr. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English and Literature Department.

 Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd. SS. M.Hum, the Head of English Education Study Program.

 Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd. his Thesis Consultant I and also his Academic Consultant and Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed. his Thesis Consultant II.

 Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum. and Johannes Jefria Gultom, S.Pd., M.Hum. the Examiners, the writer is also very grateful to all lecturers who have taught, guided, and advised his throughout the academic years.

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 Eis Sri Wahyuningsih, M.Pd and Mr. Pantes as the Administration Staffs of English and Literature Department who always helped the writer during his academic year.

 Ida Tiurma, S.Pd. the Headmaster of SMP Negeri 5 Tanjungbalai who has gave the permission to conduct the research in the school. And also for students in VIII-4 for their intention and participation during the research.  Agustina Simatupang, M.Pd. the English teacher who gives permission

to conduct the research in the class as well as his evaluator of the media.  Hasanuddin Parinduri and Masdelina Harahap, S.Sos. his beloved and

super power parents who gave her love, prayer, moral and financial support in completing his education.

 Teguh Wira P, Alm. Muhammad Askolani P, and M. Hafiz P, his beloved younger brothers.

 His lovely best friends, Supra Cipto, S.Pd., Sinta Sasmita, Dessyana Nasution, S.Pd., Novita Sari Lubis, Hambali, S.Pd., Yuli Astuti, S.Pd. Husnul Rizky Sitorus and M. Zerdin Raja and all of his friends and classmates in Extension C 2012.

Finally, the writer hopes this thesis would be useful for those who are read and interested in the field of this study.

Medan, Februari 2017 The Writer

RIZKI RAMADHANSYAH. P NIM. 2123321067

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

ABSTRACT ... i

AKCNOWLEDGEMENT ... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... iv

LIST OF TABLES ... vi

LIST OF PICTURES ... vii

LIST OF APPENDICES ... viii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. The Background of the Study ... 1

B. The Problems of the Study ... 3

C. The Objectives of the Study ... 4

D. The Scope of the Study ... 4

E. The Significances of the Study ... 4

CHAPTER II. REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE ... 6

A. Theoretical Framework ... 6

1. Writing ... 6

a. The definition of writing ... 6

b.The Writing Process ... 7

c.Writing assessment ... 9

2. Genre in writing ... 9

3. The Characteristics of Good Writing ... 10

4. Descriptive Text ... 11

a. The definition of descriptive ... 11

b. _{Guides in writing descriptive text} ... 12

1). Social Function ... 12

2). The Generic Structure and Textual Elements ... 13

5. Language Features of Descriptive ... 13

6.Media of Teaching ... 14

7.The Eligibility of Learning Media ... 18

8. _{Developing Picture for Teaching Writing ... 18}

9. _{Picture as a media ... 20}

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b. _{The Advantages of Using Pictures ... 25}

B. Related Studies ... 26

C. Conceptual Framework ... 30

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 33

A. . Research Design ... 33

B. Media Development ... 34

C. The Subject of the Research ... 35

D. The Instruments of Data Collection ... 36

E. Technique of Analysing Data ... 39

CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ... 41

A. Research Findings ... 41

1. _{The Data Analysis} ... 41

2. _{Designing new media} ... 42

3. _{Validating new media} ... 49

4. _{Revising new media} ... 50

5. _{Revised-developing media (final products).} ... 51

B. Discussion ... 56

CHAPTER V.CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 59

A. Conclusion ... 56

B. Suggestions ... 60

REFERENCES ... 61

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LIST OF TABLES

Pages

Table 2.2. The Generic Structure and Textual Elements... 13

Table 3.1. Assessment of Writing... 37

Table 3.2. Interval assessment criteria... 40

Table 4.1 Experts’ validation to operation the media... 49

Table 4.2 Students’ appraisal on testing... 52

Table 4.3 Students’ Writing Score of Pre Test... 53

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LIST OF FIGURES

Pages

Figure 3.1 Diagram of Material Development ... 37

Figure 4.1. The example picture of pet... 43

Figure 4.2. The example sequence picture of pet... 44

Figure 4.3.The squence pictures of parrot... 46

Figure 4.4. The sequence pictures of dog... 46

Figure 4.5. The sequence pictures of rabbit... 47

Figure 4.6. The sequence pictures of cat... 47

Figure 4.7. The sequence pictures of fish... 48

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Pages

APPENDIX I... 64

APPENDIX II... 67

APPENDIX III... 76

APPENDIX IV... 80

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. The Background of the Study

English is the first foriegn language taught at every school in Indonesia. There are four skills that should be mastered by students in learning English namely listening, speaking, reading and writing. Speaking and Writing are productive skills. Listening and Reading are receptive skills. Each skill has an important role to complete someone’s ability in using language. Writing is one of the skills that must be taught to the students, as Harmer (2001: 31) states that writing encourages students to focus on accurate language use because they think as they write. Writing motivates students to express their idea and feeling in the form of language that is why their ability in using language will be well influenced. But, in English class we often find students who cannot write an English composition easily, they may have some difficulties in making good sentences and words order.

In addition, writing is widely known as the most difficult and complex language skill compared to other language skills. Writing needs more efforts that the other skill does, such as hard thinking to produce idea, words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and a piece of good composition. Besides, writing needs the right word choice, spelling, punctuation and grammar. Moreover, there are many things that should be taken into account by the learner in order to make an effective writing, such as unity, support, coherence and sentence skills.

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Based on the observation in SMP Negeri 5 Tanjungbalai, although the school and the ability of English teachers are smart, but the media that is used for teaching descriptive text should be improved especially pictures media. The students are confused in writing descriptive text because most of teachers got difficulties in teaching descriptive text. They perhaps have ideas in their mind but they don’t know how to organize or express them. The students can not write a tetx because they do not have interest in writing. The students cannot pay much attention and enthusiasm to do writing tasks. Students’ failures in writing also come from the teacher. Teacher cannot find the creative way to stimulate the students’ interest in teaching and learning process. The teacher seldom to give a media as a teaching learning, they just focuses on explaining the material through lecturing method without existing some media that may support the process of learning. An instructional media can be used to motivate the students’ attention or interest. An instructional media can be used to motivate the students in their learning process.

Based on the data it is interesting with this research because by using picture as media can activate the students’ creativity in writing activity. Picture is a kind of good media, which can be used in teaching writing. The students will be more interested in learning writing if the teacher teaches writing by using picture. By using pictures, students can express his thought, ideas and feeling. It can also provide information for his readers, even to persuade them. So, using the pictures is one of techniques for improving the writing skills of the students learning English as a foreign language.

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A teaching media is able to carry message with an instructional purpose that facilitates communication. By using teaching media students are expected to be able to get learning experience concretely. In this study will use the visual media. The visual media includes blackboard, textbook, picture, flashcard etc. Using pictures is one of the solutions to overcome the problems. Hermawati (2013: 2) states that picture is a kind of good media, which can be used in teaching writing. The students will be more interested in learning writing if the teacher teaches writing by using picture. Picture is one kind of media that is easy to find in magazines, books, newspaper or we can create it by drawing it ourselves. Pictures are very useful media in teaching language. Because of that, they are also useful in teaching writing skills. In addition, pictures will motivate the students to write.

From the background above, it was suggested that teachers have to develop the media based on students’ need. By using pictures as a media can help the students to create words into paragraphs in their minds and students will be able to understand and write the descriptive text easily.

B.The Problems of the Study

Based on the background of the study, the problem of this study is formulated as follows;

1. How is the suitable picture media developed for teaching writing descriptive text?

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2. How is the eligibility picture media as teaching media for writing descriptive text at SMP Negeri 5 Tanjungbalai?

C. The Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this study is formulated as follows;

1. To knows of picture media is suitable for teaching writing descriptive text. 2. To find out the eligibility of picture as medium of teaching writing

descriptive text.

D. The Scope of the Study

There are several genres of writing learn in Junior High School such as recount, narrative, procedure, descriptive, and etc. The scope of the study will be focused on the writing of descriptive text by applying pictures media especially sequence pictures in teaching writing descriptive text.

E. The Significances of the Study

The study is expected to have both theoritical and practical perspectives; 1. Theoretical Perspectives

a. The result of the research will be useful to improve the teaching learning process, not only for descriptive materials, but also the other materials.

b. The result of this research can be used a reference for those who want to conduct a research about writing descriptive text.

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2. Practical Perspective a. For the teachers

This research and this media will be inspiring for English teacher to develop the teaching learning process.

b. For the students

This study also expected to encourage the students to develop their writing achievement, especially in writing descriptive text through pictures media.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

From the discussion in the previous chapters, there are some points to be concluded as follows:

1. Picture which is developed in this study is suitable to be used for teaching writing descriptive, because of the data collected through interview, questionnaires, and test. The picture is used as media increased the students’ descriptive text writing ability. This increase can be seen from the average score of pre-test 64,40 up to 82,82 in post-test.

2. Picture which is developed in this study is eligible to be used for teaching writing descriptive, because the results of validation from the experts is for the display of sequence picture the average is about 87.5% with category is very good. The media that is designed in the form of sequence picture of pets media was very good of students’ interest. It can be seen from the responses given students through questionnaires, student learning outcomes improved significantly. Actually, realia is effectively used in the learning process .Using pictures to teach wrriting is a good innovation since it can stimulate the

students’ interest in writing. Teacher will be more easily to explain in order to

create a descriptive text. Actually , picture is effectively used in the learning process.

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B. Suggestions

From the conclusion stated above, I suggested the English teachers to use pictures in teaching writing, especially writing descriptive text, in order that the students can write more easily. The teacher may use sequence pictures and coloured pictures to attract the students’ attention.

For further research, I suggest to develop picture in teaching writing descriptive text because the research proved that picture could stimulate the students to enrich their vocabulary and other knowledge based on their experience.

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REFERENCES

Aini, W.N, “Instructional Media in Teaching English to Young Learners”, Journal of English and Education, No.1, Vol.1, 2013, page 196-205. Arsyad, Azhar. 2005. Media Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada. Baharuddin, “Pengembangan Sumber Belajar Berbasis Multimedia Interaktif

Pada Mata Diklat Memasang Instalasi Penerangan Listtrik”, Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, No.5, Vol.2, 2012, page 213-221.

Borg & Gall. 2003. Educational Research An Introduction. Boston: Pearson Education.

Brown, H.D. 2003. Language Assessment: Principles and Classroom Practices. San Francisco: Longman

Brown, J. 1977. Instruction: Technology, Media and Method. New York: Mc Grow Hill Company.

Chairena, M.S. 2007. The Use of Pictures to Teach Writing Descriptive Text (Experimental Study at the Eight Year Students of SMPN 13 Semarang in the Academic Year of 2006/2007). Semarang: State University of Semarang.

Dirgeyasa, 2014. College Academic Writing: A Genre-Based Perspective. Medan: Unimed Press.

Gerot, Linda. 1994. Making Sense of Functional Grammar. Sydney: Gerd Stabler.

Harmer, J. 2001. The Practice of English Language Teaching. England: Pearson Education.

Harmer, J. 2004. How to Teach Writing. New York: Pearson Education Ltd. Hermawati, L. 2013. Teaching Writing By Using Pictures in Junior High

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Herminingsih, D.I, “Teaching Writing Narrative Text Using Pictures to the First Semester Students of Faculty of Social And Politics University of

Tulungagung”, Jurnal Universitas Tulungagung Bonorowo, No.1, Vol.1, 2013, page 16-28.

Hedge, T. 2005. Writing. New York: Oxford University Press.

Hyland, Ken. 2004. Genre and Second Language Writing. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press.

Knapp, P. & Watkins, M. 2005. Genre, Text, Grammar, Technologies for Teaching and Assesing Writing. Ausrtalia: University of New South Wales Press.

Klasone, Inta. 2013. Using pictures when teaching prepositions in English lesson in the forms 3 – 4. Journal of Language and Literature Education, 8, 23-38.

Muschla, Gary. Exploring Writing. New York: Mc Graw Hill.

Mutiara, R. 2014. Teaching Descriptive Text Writing Through Guided WH- Questions: A Pre-experimental Study At The Eight Grade Students of SMP Negeri 7 Pontianak In Academic Year 2013/2014. WKS: Studies on English Language and Education. 1(1), 51-58.

Pardiyono. 2007. Pasti Bisa! Teaching Genre-based writing. Yogyakarta: Andi.

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Sadiman, Arief. et all. 2010. Media Pendidikan. Jakarta: Rajawali Press. Sugiyono. 2013. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D.

Bandung: Alfabeta

Sumiati, Asra. 2007. Metode Pembelajaran. Bandung: CV Wacana Prima. Waheed, Khan. 2008. Empowerment Through Media Education. Sweden:

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Zahara, Sofiyana. 2014. The Effectiveness of Teaching Descriptive Text Using Picture Media on Students Ability (An Experimental Study in the Tenth Grade of SMK Tunas Grafika Informatika Jakarta). Jakarta: Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University.

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2. Practical Perspective a. For the teachers

This research and this media will be inspiring for English teacher to develop the teaching learning process.

b. For the students

This study also expected to encourage the students to develop their writing achievement, especially in writing descriptive text through pictures media.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

From the discussion in the previous chapters, there are some points to be concluded as follows:

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B. Suggestions

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Journal of English and Education, No.1, Vol.1, 2013, page 196-205. Arsyad, Azhar. 2005. Media Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada. Baharuddin, “Pengembangan Sumber Belajar Berbasis Multimedia Interaktif