MAIN CHARACTERS’ SPEECH ACTS FOUND IN “JERRY MAGUIRE” MOVIE: ANALYSIS ON EXPRESSIVE AND ASSERTIVE TYPES

MAIN CHARACTERS’ SPEECH ACTS FOUND IN “JERRY MAGUIRE” MOVIE: ANALYSIS ON EXPRESSIVE AND ASSERTIVE TYPES

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

By

:

TAQWIM ALMUSTAQIM 08360045

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

MAIN CHARACTERS’ SPEECH ACTS FOUND IN “JERRY MAGUIRE” MOVIE: ANALYSIS ON EXPRESSIVE AND ASSERTIVE TYPES

THESIS

By

:

TAQWIM ALMUSTAQIM 08360045

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Assalamu’alaikum wr. wb.

The Most Almighty and The Most Merciful, All praise be to God Allah SWT, who has given the researcher unremarkable blessings. The researcher is so grateful to Him for giving her all the kindness, protection, power and love to complete this research as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department. My Sholawat and Salam will always be given to the beloved holy prophet Muhammad SAW.

The researcher is fully aware that this work cannot be separated from other people’s help and guidance. Therefore, in this opportunity, I would like to express her gratitude and appreciation to:

1. Dr. M. Syaifuddin, M.M the Dean of School of Teacher Training and Education. 2. Fardini Sabilah, M.Pd, as the Head of English Department.

3. My first advisor Drs. Munash Fauzie Anwar, M.M, who has advised and guided me during the arrangement of this research paper.

4. My second advisor Drs. Sudiran, M, Hum, who has improved the research’s writing in order to make this research paper more interesting to read in correct sentences.

5. All of English Department’s lecturers in Muhammadiyah University of Malang.

6. My beloved Father H. Sukarno Ismail who inspired and support me to do my best and Mother Sri Andari who always gives me support, advices, and pray for me, My

Brother Muhammad Ta’lim, My Sister Alifah, Fadhilah, Fahruddin, and Maimunah who gives me motivation and pray in finishing this research paper, I will do her best. 7. My dearly beloved friends: Hendro, Syafri, Tectona, Indra, Ian, Puji, Alfianur haris,

Ali, Irma, Ayu, Alifatun, Prita, Azizah, Fery, Miky, Syaifuddin, Syarif, Yudi, Reni, Erna, thanks for the true friendship.

8. All the friends in English Department especially class A under grade 2008, thank for togetherness.

9. The parties whose names cannot mentioned one by one.

For all, the researcher can present nothing but the deepest thank and I wishes Allah SWT will bless them. The researcher is really aware that research paper is far from being perfect. Therefore, I hope this thesis evokes some criticism for improvement.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Page TITLE... APPROVAL... LEGALIZATION... MOTTO... DEDICATION... ACKNOLEDMENT... ABSTRACT... TABLE OF CONTENTS... CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study... 1.2 Statement of the Problem... 1.3 Purpose of the Study... 1.4 Significant of the Study... 1.5 Scope and Limitation... 1.6 Definition of Key Terms... CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUR

2.1 Speech Act... 2.1.1 Speech Act Theory... 2.1.2 Kinds of Speech Act…... 2.1.2.1 Locution... 2.1.2.2 Illocution... 2.1.2.3 Perlocution... 2.2 Types of Illocutionary Speech Acts... 2.2.1 Assertives... 2.2.2 Expressives... 2.3 Film/Movies... 2.3.1 Definition of Film...

I ii iii iv v vi vii 1 3 4 4 5 5 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 13

2.3.2 Elements of Film... 2.3.3 Types of Film... CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design... 3.2 Object of the Study... 3.3 Data Collection…... 3.4 Data Analysis... 3.5 Research Procedures... CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Research Finding... 4.1.1 Speech act used by the main characters in Jerry Maguire

movie... 4.1.2 The kinds of speech act used by Tom Cruise in Jerry

Maguire movie... 4.1.2.1 Expressive Illocution Speech Act... 4.1.2.2 Assertive Illocution Speech Act... 4.1.3 The most dominant kind of speech act used by the main

characters in “Jerry Maguire” movie... 4.2 Discussion... CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusions... 5.2 Suggestion... BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIXES 14 16 18 19 19 20 21 23 23 26 31 36 42 43 46 47

REFERENCE

Austin, J.L. (1962), How to do things with words, Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA.

Bogdan C. Robert and Biklen Sari Knopp. 2006. Qualitative Research for Education An Introduction to Theory and Methods (fifth edition). Syracuse University.

Carroll W, David 1998. Psychology of Language (third edition).

Haff, Erika 2000. Language Development (second edition).

Leech, Geoffrey. 1983. Principles of Pragmatics. Addison Wesley Longman Publishing, New York.

Mey, Jacob L. 2001. Pragmatics: An Introduction (Second Edition). Oxford Blackwell Publishing.

Rickford R, John and Eckert Penelope. 2005. Style and Sociolinguistic Variation.

Agustira Yuke Silvie, 2011. Study on Illucutionary acts employed by the main characters of the Movie “Alvin and The Chipmunks”. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Sumardjo Jacob and Saini. 1986. Appresiasi Kesusastraan. Jakarta: PT Gramedia.

Searle, J.R. (1979), Expression and meaning, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Yule. George. 1996. Pragmatics. Oxford University Press.

Cameron Crowe.2011. http://www. Script Jery Maguire, Com/entertainment/ film-genres.html. Viewed on 6/29/2012 at 10.42 Pm.

Tuncer Can .2006. http://www. Speech Act Theory.mve/org/English Language Teaching and Linguistics.html.Viewed on 6/7/2012 at 03.57 Am

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of the Study

Sociolinguistics is the study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used, and the effects of language use on society. Sociolinguistics differs from sociology of language in that the focus of sociolinguistics is the effect of the society on the language, while the latter's focus is on the language's effect on the society. Sociolinguistics overlaps to a considerable degree with pragmatics. It is historically closely related to Linguistic Anthropology and the distinction between the two fields has even been questioned recently. It also studies how language varieties differ between groups separated by certain social variables, e.g., ethnicity, religion, status, gender, level of education, age, etc., and how creation and adherence to these rules is used to categorize individuals in social or socioeconomic classes. As the usage of a language varies from place to place (dialect), language usage varies among social classes, and it is a field of study that sociolinguistics studies.

In this case, thesis discussed about part of sociolinguistic in term of varieties of languages. Many people think that these varieties are just incorrect ways of speaking, but they're not; they're just different. One of the varieties of the language is speech act. A speech act is an act that a speaker performs when making an utterance (Austin, 1962). It In the course of performing speech act we

ordinarily communicate with each other. The content of communication may be identical, with the content intended to be communicated, as when a stranger asks,

“What is your name?”

According to Austin (1962:263), speaking is not just uttering sentences

that describe events but “doing thing with words”. Each sentences that speaker

utters is a speech act. Austin often illustrated this point with example such as a

judge uttering the sentence “I now declare you husband and wife”, which, in the

context of a marriage ceremony, has the effect of marrying two people. However, the notion that speaking is performing acts applies to all speaking. The kinds of speech act performed are promising, requesting, referring, describing, arguing, demanding, and others (Searle, 1969).

A speech act has three components: its intended function (its illocutionary force), its linguistic form (its locution), and its effect on the listener (its perlocution). This can illustrate these different components of the speech act

using the following example of one child’s communicative behavior (Rees, 1978)

Illocutionary have five contents in speech act and some of them are assertive and expressive. Assertive commit to the truth of the expressed proposition: eg stating, suggesting, boasting, complaining, claiming, and reporting. Than expressive have the function of expressing, or making known, the

speaker’s psychological attitude towards a state of affairs which the illocution

presupposes; eg thanking, congratulating, pardoning, blaming, praising, condoling, etc.

However, the meaning of the linguistic means used may also be different from the content intended to be communicated. Since the request is performed indirectly, by means of performing a question, it counts as an indirect speech act.

Movie is one of media that contain sounds, video, animation, pictures, etc. movie is not only gives entertainment but also educations because from movie people can understand about the development of live, science, art and technology that do not know before. There are many people who are interested in movie. Movie is supposed to be an image of the real world.

In this study, the writer studies about speech act especially assertive and

expressive, used by the main characters in “Jerry Maguire” movie. “Jerry Maguire” movie is a kind of a fiksi/psychological movie because it tells about

multiple personal disorder with bad experience in the past. Some of the main characters used speech act in most of their conversation to express their feeling.

“Jerry Maguire” movie has a different way to tell the message to the viewers, and

becomes the best movie of the year for teenager. And the researcher chooses this movie to analysis because in this movie the main character used much speech act in his conversation than in another.

1.2Statement of the Problem

To guide the study, the writer formulates the problems in this research are: 1. What is an analysis of expressive of the main characters speech act in Jerry

Maguire’s movie?

2. What is an analysis of assertive of the main characters speech act in Jerry

1.3Purpose of the Study

On the basis of the statement of the problems, the purposes of the study are: 1. To find out the description about analysis of expressive of the main character

speech act in Jerry Maguire’s movie.

2. To find out the description about analysis of assertive of the main character speech act in Jerry Maguire’s movie.

1.4Significant of the Study

The writer of this thesis hopes that this study has some significances and the expected result. First of all, the writer of this thesis wants that this study will be able to help the readers in analyzing sociolinguistic, especially analysis of expressive and assertive of the main characters speech act. For illustration, by analyzing of the speech act in Cameron Crowe’s movie on the title “Jerry Maguire”, the reader can take precious lessons about sociolinguistic and everything that express and represented inside.

Secondly, this study will provide descriptions of how to analyze of expressive and assertive of the main characters speech act in Cameron Crowe’s movie on the title “Jerry Maguire”, especially when the reader can use it to study in sociolinguistic.

Thirdly, the result of this study will encourage the reader’s interest in linguistic work and develop the art of appreciating linguistic. Finally, the writer hopes that this thesis will support the readers, especially, the students of English

Department at Muhammadiyah University of Malang, to make further research about sociolinguistic by using analysis different model and approach.

1.5Scope and Limitation 1.5.1 The Scope of the study

The writer of this thesis just wants to discuss about expressive and assertive in main characters speech act in this movie. That is why in this study, the writer of this thesis gives the scope of the study by only discussing analyzing of expressive and assertive of the main characters speech act on “Jerry

Maguire’s” movie used by the main characters, which is written by Cameron Crowe.

1.5.2 The Limitation of the study

The scope of this study is assertive and expressive of speech act, especially the kinds of it, used by the main character of “Jerry Maguire” movie.

Meanwhile, the limitation of this study is The Main Character of “Jerry Maguire”

movie, which is written by Cameron Crowe.

1.6Definition of Key Terms

The writer of this thesis describes definition of key terms that correlate to the title in order to avoid misinterpretation of his thesis. Key terms in this study are as follows;

1. Analysis

(Hornby, A.S, 1995:1187) 2. Expressive

Expressive is kind of speech act that expresses on the speaker's attitudes and emotions towards the proposition.

(Searle, 1969, 1979:238) 3. Assertive

Assertive is kind of speech act that have to commit the speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition.

(Searle, 1969, 1979:238) 4. Main Characters

Main Characters is the most important part that drives the plot in the play. (Robert, 1959:16)

5. Speech act

Speech act is an act that a speaker performs when making an utterance. (John L. Austin, 1962)

6. Movie

Movie is a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement.

(WordNet 2005. Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward 1.0:Princeton.edu/perl/webwn)

7. Jerry Maguire

Jerry Maguire is a title of the Movie that written by Cameron Crowe that is investigate.

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of the Study

Sociolinguistics is the study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used, and the effects of language use on society. Sociolinguistics differs from sociology of language in that the focus of sociolinguistics is the effect of the society on the language, while the latter's focus is on the language's effect on the society. Sociolinguistics overlaps to a considerable degree with pragmatics. It is historically closely related to Linguistic Anthropology and the distinction between the two fields has even been questioned recently. It also studies how language varieties differ between groups separated by certain social variables, e.g., ethnicity, religion, status, gender, level of education, age, etc., and how creation and adherence to these rules is used to categorize individuals in social or socioeconomic classes. As the usage of a language varies from place to place (dialect), language usage varies among social classes, and it is a field of study that sociolinguistics studies.

In this case, thesis discussed about part of sociolinguistic in term of varieties of languages. Many people think that these varieties are just incorrect ways of speaking, but they're not; they're just different. One of the varieties of the language is speech act. A speech act is an act that a speaker performs when making an utterance (Austin, 1962). It In the course of performing speech act we

ordinarily communicate with each other. The content of communication may be identical, with the content intended to be communicated, as when a stranger asks, “What is your name?”

According to Austin (1962:263), speaking is not just uttering sentences that describe events but “doing thing with words”. Each sentences that speaker utters is a speech act. Austin often illustrated this point with example such as a judge uttering the sentence “I now declare you husband and wife”, which, in the context of a marriage ceremony, has the effect of marrying two people. However, the notion that speaking is performing acts applies to all speaking. The kinds of speech act performed are promising, requesting, referring, describing, arguing, demanding, and others (Searle, 1969).

A speech act has three components: its intended function (its illocutionary force), its linguistic form (its locution), and its effect on the listener (its perlocution). This can illustrate these different components of the speech act using the following example of one child’s communicative behavior (Rees, 1978)

Illocutionary have five contents in speech act and some of them are assertive and expressive. Assertive commit to the truth of the expressed proposition: eg stating, suggesting, boasting, complaining, claiming, and reporting. Than expressive have the function of expressing, or making known, the speaker’s psychological attitude towards a state of affairs which the illocution presupposes; eg thanking, congratulating, pardoning, blaming, praising, condoling, etc.

However, the meaning of the linguistic means used may also be different from the content intended to be communicated. Since the request is performed indirectly, by means of performing a question, it counts as an indirect speech act.

Movie is one of media that contain sounds, video, animation, pictures, etc. movie is not only gives entertainment but also educations because from movie people can understand about the development of live, science, art and technology that do not know before. There are many people who are interested in movie. Movie is supposed to be an image of the real world.

In this study, the writer studies about speech act especially assertive and expressive, used by the main characters in “Jerry Maguire” movie. “Jerry Maguire” movie is a kind of a fiksi/psychological movie because it tells about multiple personal disorder with bad experience in the past. Some of the main characters used speech act in most of their conversation to express their feeling. “Jerry Maguire” movie has a different way to tell the message to the viewers, and becomes the best movie of the year for teenager. And the researcher chooses this movie to analysis because in this movie the main character used much speech act in his conversation than in another.

1.2Statement of the Problem

To guide the study, the writer formulates the problems in this research are: 1. What is an analysis of expressive of the main characters speech act in Jerry

Maguire’s movie?

2. What is an analysis of assertive of the main characters speech act in Jerry Maguire’s movie?

1.3Purpose of the Study

On the basis of the statement of the problems, the purposes of the study are: 1. To find out the description about analysis of expressive of the main character

speech act in Jerry Maguire’s movie.

2. To find out the description about analysis of assertive of the main character speech act in Jerry Maguire’s movie.

1.4Significant of the Study

The writer of this thesis hopes that this study has some significances and the expected result. First of all, the writer of this thesis wants that this study will be able to help the readers in analyzing sociolinguistic, especially analysis of expressive and assertive of the main characters speech act. For illustration, by analyzing of the speech act in Cameron Crowe’s movie on the title “Jerry Maguire”, the reader can take precious lessons about sociolinguistic and everything that express and represented inside.

Secondly, this study will provide descriptions of how to analyze of expressive and assertive of the main characters speech act in Cameron Crowe’s

movie on the title “Jerry Maguire”, especially when the reader can use it to study in sociolinguistic.

Thirdly, the result of this study will encourage the reader’s interest in linguistic work and develop the art of appreciating linguistic. Finally, the writer hopes that this thesis will support the readers, especially, the students of English

Department at Muhammadiyah University of Malang, to make further research about sociolinguistic by using analysis different model and approach.

1.5Scope and Limitation 1.5.1 The Scope of the study

The writer of this thesis just wants to discuss about expressive and assertive in main characters speech act in this movie. That is why in this study, the writer of this thesis gives the scope of the study by only discussing analyzing of expressive and assertive of the main characters speech act on “Jerry Maguire’s” movie used by the main characters, which is written by Cameron Crowe.

1.5.2 The Limitation of the study

The scope of this study is assertive and expressive of speech act, especially the kinds of it, used by the main character of “Jerry Maguire” movie. Meanwhile, the limitation of this study is The Main Character of “Jerry Maguire” movie, which is written by Cameron Crowe.

1.6Definition of Key Terms

The writer of this thesis describes definition of key terms that correlate to the title in order to avoid misinterpretation of his thesis. Key terms in this study are as follows;

1. Analysis

(Hornby, A.S, 1995:1187) 2. Expressive

Expressive is kind of speech act that expresses on the speaker's attitudes and emotions towards the proposition.

(Searle, 1969, 1979:238) 3. Assertive

Assertive is kind of speech act that have to commit the speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition.

(Searle, 1969, 1979:238) 4. Main Characters

Main Characters is the most important part that drives the plot in the play. (Robert, 1959:16)

5. Speech act

Speech act is an act that a speaker performs when making an utterance. (John L. Austin, 1962)

6. Movie

Movie is a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement.

(WordNet 2005. Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward 1.0:Princeton.edu/perl/webwn)

7. Jerry Maguire

Jerry Maguire is a title of the Movie that written by Cameron Crowe that is investigate.