SPEECH ACTS BY THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN TWILLIGHT SAGA BREAKING DAWN MOVIE.
SPEECH ACTS BY THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN TWILIGHT
SAGA BREAKING DAWN MOVIE
A Thesis
Submitted to The English Department of State University of Medan
In Partial as Fulfillment of the Requirement for
The Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
ITA SARTIKA MALAU
Registration Number 208222031
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
ABSTRACT
Malau, Ita Sartika, 2014. Speech Acts by The Main Characters in Twillight
Saga Breaking Dawn Movie. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State
University of Medan.
Speech Act refers to action performed through utterances how to do thing with
words. The study deals with the speech acts by the main characters in Twillight
Saga Breaking Dawn Movie. The objectives of this study are to identify the types
of speech act uttered by the main characters in the Breaking Dawn Movie. This
thesis research used descriptive qualitative design. The data consist of the scripts
of Breaking Dawn Movie part 2 which are analyzed in this study. The findings
show that the three types of speech act uttered by the main characters they are
locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act. The context of speech
acts really has important role to determined how to get the speaker intention. The
speech acts are uttered in the context of common interactions in this movie.
Keyword : Speech Acts, Main Characters, Breaking Dawn Movie
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I am very gratefull to Jesus Christ for the blessing, mercy and
guidance in giving the writer full of strength and patience to complete this thesis.
This thesis is aimed to fullfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1 degree of
Sarjana Sastra at English Department in Faculty of Language and Arts, State
University of Medan.
In accomplishing this thesis, the writer has been helped by a lot of beloved
people especially for the loyal supporter. Therefore, the writer would like to
express her sincere and greatest gratitude to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum, the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Art.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd, the Head of English Department.
Dra. Meisuri, MA., the Secretary of English Department.
Dr. Rahmah, M.Hum., the Head of English Literature Program
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., the Head of English Education
Program.
Prof. Dr. Berlin Sibarani, M.Pd., her Thesis Adviser.
Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., her Academic Adviser and the
Reviewer.
Prof. Dr. Amrin Saragih, Ph.D., the Reviewer.
Dr. Zainuddin, DIP.TEFL., M.Hum., the Reviewer.
All beloved Lecturers in English and Literature Department who adviced
and guided the writer during the academic years.
Mam Eis for her kind help in providing academic administration to the
writer.
The best family of writer, her beloved Parent, Tombang Malau and
Regina br Ginting, her sister Vivi Octavia Malau, Febiola Malau, and
her little brother Metias Malau for their endless love and support that I
always need. This thesis dedicate to you Bapak, Ibu.. I love you all.
Her beloved friends Dwi Astarini, Christine, Sis Diah, Nancy, Fitri, Ibu Sri
and all the friends cannot be mentioned the name one by one.
Finally, the writer admit that this thesis still far from being perfect.
Therefore, the writer would like to invite the reader to give suggestion for
the improvement of this thesis leter on.
Medan, January 2015
The writer
Ita Sartika Malau
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................
iv
LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................
vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION..........................................................
1
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The Background of The Study ....................................................
The Problem of The Study ..........................................................
The Objectives of The Study .......................................................
The Scope of The Study ..............................................................
The Significances of The Study ..................................................
1
5
5
5
5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .....................................
7
A. Speech Acts .................................................................................
1. Types of Speech Acts .............................................................
B. Direct and Indirect Speech Acts ..................................................
1. Direct Speech Acts .................................................................
2. Indirect Speech Acts ...............................................................
C. Defenition of Main Characters ....................................................
D. The Context of Situation .............................................................
E. Language of Film and Society ....................................................
F. Movie .........................................................................................
G. The Summary of Breaking Dawn Part 2 .....................................
H. Biography of Stephanie Meyer ...................................................
7
8
12
13
13
14
17
18
20
21
23
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD .............................................
25
A.
B.
C.
D.
Research Design ..........................................................................
Data and Source of Data ..............................................................
Data Collection ............................................................................
Technique of Analyzing The Data ..............................................
25
25
25
25
CHAPTER IV THE DATA ANALYSIS........................................... ..
27
A. The Data analysis ........................................................................
1. Types of Speech Act by The Main Characters .......................
27
27
a. Locutionary Act by The Main Characters .......................
b. Illocutionary Act by The Main Characters ......................
c. Perlocutionary Act by The Main Characters ...................
2. The Context Taken Place in Breaking Dawn Movie ..............
B. The Findings ................................................................................
C. Discussion ...................................................................................
28
31
34
39
46
48
CHAPTER V CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION ......................
49
A. Conclusion ...................................................................................
B. Suggestion ...................................................................................
49
49
REFERENCES ......................................................................................
51
APPENDIX ...........................................................................................
52
LIST OF TABLES
Table
4.1.
The Percentage of Locutionary Act in Breaking Dawn Part 2 Movie.............
32
4.2.
The Percentage of Illocutionary Act in Breaking Dawn Part 2 Movie ..........
36
4.3.
The Percentage of Perlocutionary Act in Breaking Dawn Part 2 Movie........
40
4.4.
The Total Number Types of Speech Act in Breaking Dawn Part 2 Movie....
40
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background Of The Study
People usually do a conversation in their daily life. They use language in
their daily life. They use language in their conversation to express and deliver
their thought, idea, feeling and opinion. Language frequently creates their illusion
that ideas, concepts, and even whole chunks of knowledge are transported from a
speaker to listener rather each must abstract meaning of concepts and knowledge
from his own experience. Language plays a big role in their conversation to make
an effective communication. An effective communication occurs when a speaker
can make the listener understand the meaning of speaker’s utterances.
Somehow, people do not always do an effective communication because
the listener cannot understand what the speaker has actually said. This problem
frequently happens in people’s conversation and sometimes we do not realize it.
For example, if someone says “it is hot in here” it may be he just wants to say that
the temperature in the room is high. Another meaning of that sentence is maybe he
wants someone to open the window to get the fresh air. If the hearer cannot
understand what the speaker’s say it may occur misunderstanding.
The communicative act or verbal communication is usually represented by
the utterances. In attempting to express them, people do not only produce the
utterance containing grammatical structures and words, they perform action via
those utterances ( Yule: 1996: 47)
It means that every words, phrases or sentences that people uttered
perform different implicit action or meanings in it and if the hearer cannot get the
intention of every utterance, it will lead a misunderstanding among them.
The action performed via utterances is generally called speech acts. Speech
act is verbal communication and it is subdivision of pragmatics. According to
Yule ( 1996 ) speech act is the study of how the speaker and listener used
language. The theory explain that an action in verbal communication has a
messege in itself, so the communication is not only about language but also
action. Speech act is the utterance that occurs and act refers to an action. That is
the reason why people have to interpret the meaning of communication or
language through the speech act. We always performed speech act in our daily
life. Sometimes we do not realized when perform the speech act and the
utterances used consist of speech act. In our daily communication we often used
indirect speech act. Speech act occur on the process of meaning in how the
communication occur and how the listener percieves the aim. In many occasion,
people not only saying but also forcing the hearer to do something. When the
listener is doing an act by the utterances it means that she or he doing an
illocutionary act . In English are commonly given more specific labels, such as
apology, complain, compliment, invitation, promise or request. Speech act has
three types of meaning. There are locutionary acts, illocutionary act and
perlocutionary acts. According to Yule ( 1996) there are five classifications of
illocutionary acts. Those are declaration, representatives, expressive, directives,
and commisives.
Illocutionary act is a very important part of speech act because
illocutionary act itself becomes the main central to linguistics in elements of
communication according to George Yule (1996:3),
The reality in human life, people are still not aware of existence of speech
act in their life and how it can create a proper action or replay with appropriate
action. We do not realized that we always perform speech acts in our life.
In daily life, people often find the misunderstanding of communication. It
occurs because the speakers cannot choose the right utterances when they want to
deliver their mean. In the same case, people always not realized and understand
the context of situation. For example, when someone say “I am hungry” of course
we want someone to do something; bring some meal. But if someone just ask you
“ why are you hungry, have you taken your lunch?”, sometimes it is happen
because the listener cannot get the intention of the speakers.
The phenomenon that happen in people’s life we know that people are still
not aware of losing the function of language if we cannot catch the different
meaning of every utterances. From the situation the writer aware and she wants to
analyze utterances and all intentions that influence the utterances. Further, the
writer chooses a movie to represent the utterances that are usually used in people
life. It is also because movie is as the one of representation of real conversation in
natural society. Especially, movie is one of the medium where the complete form
of speech act can be found.
Movie will be choosing as the object of this study because movie can bring
the implication for someone who watch the movie. Movie is one of the interesting
medium to attract someone. Usually, someone who watch the movie will be
affected by the situation and context of the movie. It will be easier to deliver
something through the movie.
Concerning to the phenomenon above, in this study “Breaking Dawn Part
2” movie will be choosing to represent the different use of speech acts. Breaking
Dawn Part 2 is a young-adult vampire romance movie by the author Stephenie
Meyer and Melissa Rosernberg. This film is very famous in teenager and adult.
This movie will be choosing because it will bring many affections for people who
watch this movie. This movie will be choosing also because the writer can found
the data related to this research. The types of speech acts focus on illocutionary
acts from the Bella and Edward’s utterances as the main characters can be found
in this movie. The utterances will be taken limited to the “Bella and Edward’s
utterances as the main character in this movie. This“Breaking Dawn Part 2”
movie is based on the Stephenie Mayer’s bestselling book series, the novels and
films constitute a full-blown cultural phenomenon with a dedicated fan base that
eagerly awaits each installment. The writer chooses this movie because this movie
has become a worldwide publishing phenomenon. The author has made six
Twilight series and has been sold nearly 50 countries and 116 million copies have
been sold worldwide.
This study is intended to find out the dominantly used of speech acts by
the main characters, the implication of the speech acts that uttered by the main
characters and in what context the certain speech acts is uttered by the main
characters. It will be useful to know how the speech act used by the main
character delivering her thought produce the certain reaction from the hearer. It
will be useful also to the people at least who watch this movie to get more
knowledge about how to delivering something to someone and got the meaning.
B. The Problems of the Study
The problems of the study are formulated as the following:
1. What types of speech act are uttered by the main characters ?
2. In what contexts are the speech acts uttered by the main characters?
C. The Objectives of the Study
Related to the problems of the study formulated are:
1. to describe kinds of speech acts used by the main characters.
2. to elaborate the context of speech acts
uttered by the main
character in “ Breaking Dawn Part II” movie.
D. The scope of the Study
The scope of this study is analyzing speech acts focus on the
utterances that are uttered by the main characters “Bella and Edward” in
the Breaking Dawn Part 2 movie. Categorization of speech acts focus on
three types of speech acts discussed based on Yule theory; he classified
three types of speech act, there are; locutionary act, illocutionary act and
perlocutionary act.
E. The Significances of the Study
Theoretically, the findings of this study are expected to be useful for:
1. The student who learns how to use or utter the speech acts in situational
context of communication.
2. People who need a guidance or reference for the further research about the
analysis of speech acts.
Practically, the findings of this study are expected to make people as the
speaker have a new knowledge choosing the right utterances to express their
thought to make an effective communication.
SAGA BREAKING DAWN MOVIE
A Thesis
Submitted to The English Department of State University of Medan
In Partial as Fulfillment of the Requirement for
The Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
ITA SARTIKA MALAU
Registration Number 208222031
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
ABSTRACT
Malau, Ita Sartika, 2014. Speech Acts by The Main Characters in Twillight
Saga Breaking Dawn Movie. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State
University of Medan.
Speech Act refers to action performed through utterances how to do thing with
words. The study deals with the speech acts by the main characters in Twillight
Saga Breaking Dawn Movie. The objectives of this study are to identify the types
of speech act uttered by the main characters in the Breaking Dawn Movie. This
thesis research used descriptive qualitative design. The data consist of the scripts
of Breaking Dawn Movie part 2 which are analyzed in this study. The findings
show that the three types of speech act uttered by the main characters they are
locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act. The context of speech
acts really has important role to determined how to get the speaker intention. The
speech acts are uttered in the context of common interactions in this movie.
Keyword : Speech Acts, Main Characters, Breaking Dawn Movie
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I am very gratefull to Jesus Christ for the blessing, mercy and
guidance in giving the writer full of strength and patience to complete this thesis.
This thesis is aimed to fullfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1 degree of
Sarjana Sastra at English Department in Faculty of Language and Arts, State
University of Medan.
In accomplishing this thesis, the writer has been helped by a lot of beloved
people especially for the loyal supporter. Therefore, the writer would like to
express her sincere and greatest gratitude to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum, the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Art.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd, the Head of English Department.
Dra. Meisuri, MA., the Secretary of English Department.
Dr. Rahmah, M.Hum., the Head of English Literature Program
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., the Head of English Education
Program.
Prof. Dr. Berlin Sibarani, M.Pd., her Thesis Adviser.
Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., her Academic Adviser and the
Reviewer.
Prof. Dr. Amrin Saragih, Ph.D., the Reviewer.
Dr. Zainuddin, DIP.TEFL., M.Hum., the Reviewer.
All beloved Lecturers in English and Literature Department who adviced
and guided the writer during the academic years.
Mam Eis for her kind help in providing academic administration to the
writer.
The best family of writer, her beloved Parent, Tombang Malau and
Regina br Ginting, her sister Vivi Octavia Malau, Febiola Malau, and
her little brother Metias Malau for their endless love and support that I
always need. This thesis dedicate to you Bapak, Ibu.. I love you all.
Her beloved friends Dwi Astarini, Christine, Sis Diah, Nancy, Fitri, Ibu Sri
and all the friends cannot be mentioned the name one by one.
Finally, the writer admit that this thesis still far from being perfect.
Therefore, the writer would like to invite the reader to give suggestion for
the improvement of this thesis leter on.
Medan, January 2015
The writer
Ita Sartika Malau
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................
iv
LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................
vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION..........................................................
1
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The Background of The Study ....................................................
The Problem of The Study ..........................................................
The Objectives of The Study .......................................................
The Scope of The Study ..............................................................
The Significances of The Study ..................................................
1
5
5
5
5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .....................................
7
A. Speech Acts .................................................................................
1. Types of Speech Acts .............................................................
B. Direct and Indirect Speech Acts ..................................................
1. Direct Speech Acts .................................................................
2. Indirect Speech Acts ...............................................................
C. Defenition of Main Characters ....................................................
D. The Context of Situation .............................................................
E. Language of Film and Society ....................................................
F. Movie .........................................................................................
G. The Summary of Breaking Dawn Part 2 .....................................
H. Biography of Stephanie Meyer ...................................................
7
8
12
13
13
14
17
18
20
21
23
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD .............................................
25
A.
B.
C.
D.
Research Design ..........................................................................
Data and Source of Data ..............................................................
Data Collection ............................................................................
Technique of Analyzing The Data ..............................................
25
25
25
25
CHAPTER IV THE DATA ANALYSIS........................................... ..
27
A. The Data analysis ........................................................................
1. Types of Speech Act by The Main Characters .......................
27
27
a. Locutionary Act by The Main Characters .......................
b. Illocutionary Act by The Main Characters ......................
c. Perlocutionary Act by The Main Characters ...................
2. The Context Taken Place in Breaking Dawn Movie ..............
B. The Findings ................................................................................
C. Discussion ...................................................................................
28
31
34
39
46
48
CHAPTER V CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION ......................
49
A. Conclusion ...................................................................................
B. Suggestion ...................................................................................
49
49
REFERENCES ......................................................................................
51
APPENDIX ...........................................................................................
52
LIST OF TABLES
Table
4.1.
The Percentage of Locutionary Act in Breaking Dawn Part 2 Movie.............
32
4.2.
The Percentage of Illocutionary Act in Breaking Dawn Part 2 Movie ..........
36
4.3.
The Percentage of Perlocutionary Act in Breaking Dawn Part 2 Movie........
40
4.4.
The Total Number Types of Speech Act in Breaking Dawn Part 2 Movie....
40
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background Of The Study
People usually do a conversation in their daily life. They use language in
their daily life. They use language in their conversation to express and deliver
their thought, idea, feeling and opinion. Language frequently creates their illusion
that ideas, concepts, and even whole chunks of knowledge are transported from a
speaker to listener rather each must abstract meaning of concepts and knowledge
from his own experience. Language plays a big role in their conversation to make
an effective communication. An effective communication occurs when a speaker
can make the listener understand the meaning of speaker’s utterances.
Somehow, people do not always do an effective communication because
the listener cannot understand what the speaker has actually said. This problem
frequently happens in people’s conversation and sometimes we do not realize it.
For example, if someone says “it is hot in here” it may be he just wants to say that
the temperature in the room is high. Another meaning of that sentence is maybe he
wants someone to open the window to get the fresh air. If the hearer cannot
understand what the speaker’s say it may occur misunderstanding.
The communicative act or verbal communication is usually represented by
the utterances. In attempting to express them, people do not only produce the
utterance containing grammatical structures and words, they perform action via
those utterances ( Yule: 1996: 47)
It means that every words, phrases or sentences that people uttered
perform different implicit action or meanings in it and if the hearer cannot get the
intention of every utterance, it will lead a misunderstanding among them.
The action performed via utterances is generally called speech acts. Speech
act is verbal communication and it is subdivision of pragmatics. According to
Yule ( 1996 ) speech act is the study of how the speaker and listener used
language. The theory explain that an action in verbal communication has a
messege in itself, so the communication is not only about language but also
action. Speech act is the utterance that occurs and act refers to an action. That is
the reason why people have to interpret the meaning of communication or
language through the speech act. We always performed speech act in our daily
life. Sometimes we do not realized when perform the speech act and the
utterances used consist of speech act. In our daily communication we often used
indirect speech act. Speech act occur on the process of meaning in how the
communication occur and how the listener percieves the aim. In many occasion,
people not only saying but also forcing the hearer to do something. When the
listener is doing an act by the utterances it means that she or he doing an
illocutionary act . In English are commonly given more specific labels, such as
apology, complain, compliment, invitation, promise or request. Speech act has
three types of meaning. There are locutionary acts, illocutionary act and
perlocutionary acts. According to Yule ( 1996) there are five classifications of
illocutionary acts. Those are declaration, representatives, expressive, directives,
and commisives.
Illocutionary act is a very important part of speech act because
illocutionary act itself becomes the main central to linguistics in elements of
communication according to George Yule (1996:3),
The reality in human life, people are still not aware of existence of speech
act in their life and how it can create a proper action or replay with appropriate
action. We do not realized that we always perform speech acts in our life.
In daily life, people often find the misunderstanding of communication. It
occurs because the speakers cannot choose the right utterances when they want to
deliver their mean. In the same case, people always not realized and understand
the context of situation. For example, when someone say “I am hungry” of course
we want someone to do something; bring some meal. But if someone just ask you
“ why are you hungry, have you taken your lunch?”, sometimes it is happen
because the listener cannot get the intention of the speakers.
The phenomenon that happen in people’s life we know that people are still
not aware of losing the function of language if we cannot catch the different
meaning of every utterances. From the situation the writer aware and she wants to
analyze utterances and all intentions that influence the utterances. Further, the
writer chooses a movie to represent the utterances that are usually used in people
life. It is also because movie is as the one of representation of real conversation in
natural society. Especially, movie is one of the medium where the complete form
of speech act can be found.
Movie will be choosing as the object of this study because movie can bring
the implication for someone who watch the movie. Movie is one of the interesting
medium to attract someone. Usually, someone who watch the movie will be
affected by the situation and context of the movie. It will be easier to deliver
something through the movie.
Concerning to the phenomenon above, in this study “Breaking Dawn Part
2” movie will be choosing to represent the different use of speech acts. Breaking
Dawn Part 2 is a young-adult vampire romance movie by the author Stephenie
Meyer and Melissa Rosernberg. This film is very famous in teenager and adult.
This movie will be choosing because it will bring many affections for people who
watch this movie. This movie will be choosing also because the writer can found
the data related to this research. The types of speech acts focus on illocutionary
acts from the Bella and Edward’s utterances as the main characters can be found
in this movie. The utterances will be taken limited to the “Bella and Edward’s
utterances as the main character in this movie. This“Breaking Dawn Part 2”
movie is based on the Stephenie Mayer’s bestselling book series, the novels and
films constitute a full-blown cultural phenomenon with a dedicated fan base that
eagerly awaits each installment. The writer chooses this movie because this movie
has become a worldwide publishing phenomenon. The author has made six
Twilight series and has been sold nearly 50 countries and 116 million copies have
been sold worldwide.
This study is intended to find out the dominantly used of speech acts by
the main characters, the implication of the speech acts that uttered by the main
characters and in what context the certain speech acts is uttered by the main
characters. It will be useful to know how the speech act used by the main
character delivering her thought produce the certain reaction from the hearer. It
will be useful also to the people at least who watch this movie to get more
knowledge about how to delivering something to someone and got the meaning.
B. The Problems of the Study
The problems of the study are formulated as the following:
1. What types of speech act are uttered by the main characters ?
2. In what contexts are the speech acts uttered by the main characters?
C. The Objectives of the Study
Related to the problems of the study formulated are:
1. to describe kinds of speech acts used by the main characters.
2. to elaborate the context of speech acts
uttered by the main
character in “ Breaking Dawn Part II” movie.
D. The scope of the Study
The scope of this study is analyzing speech acts focus on the
utterances that are uttered by the main characters “Bella and Edward” in
the Breaking Dawn Part 2 movie. Categorization of speech acts focus on
three types of speech acts discussed based on Yule theory; he classified
three types of speech act, there are; locutionary act, illocutionary act and
perlocutionary act.
E. The Significances of the Study
Theoretically, the findings of this study are expected to be useful for:
1. The student who learns how to use or utter the speech acts in situational
context of communication.
2. People who need a guidance or reference for the further research about the
analysis of speech acts.
Practically, the findings of this study are expected to make people as the
speaker have a new knowledge choosing the right utterances to express their
thought to make an effective communication.