23
DEM From SRTM
Imagery Fill DEM
Derive Slope Slope
– 15
Input as Driving Factors in MCE Constraint Area
Yes No
Figure 2.5 Slope derivation from DEM
2.3.4. Multi-criteria Evaluation of Driving Forces.
Multi-criteria evaluation MCE was used to evaluate the driving forces by combining or overlaying each criterion. In this research, slope, road network effect,
hierarchy index and neighbourhood effect as criteria of driving forces. The first step is standardized each criterion score into range 0
– 1. Figure 2.6 show this processes.
Driving Factors
- Neighbourhood Effect - Slope Effect
- Distance From Road Network - Urban Hierarchy Index
Liner Trasformation Scale into 0 -1 Standarized Value for each Driving Factors
Development of Built-up Area
1991 - 200
Mean Value for each driving factors related to Built-up area development 1991 - 2000
Weighted calculation using Ranking Methods Weighted Factors For each driving Factors
Allocation of Potensial Cell Suitability for Built-up Area Area using MCE
Overlay
Built-up Area 1991
Built-up Area 2000
Erase
Figure 2.6 Multi-criteria Evaluation Process
24 The linier scale transformation methods was used to get standardized score
from each criteria. The most often used procedure in this methods here are maximum and minimum score and the score range procedure Voogd 1983; Massam 1988.
Equation 2.10, was applied to get standardized criterion score.
max max
min j
ij ij
j j
x x
x x
x
1.10 Where :
ij
x
: Standardized score for the object-i and attribute - j
ij
x
: Raw score
max j
x
:
Maximum score for the jth attribute
min j
x
:
Minimum score for the jth attribute The seconds step is overlaying or combining each criterion, after the linier scale
transformation was applied. The last process in this step is weighted calculation. Ranking methods will be used to create the importance weighted from each criterion.
In the ranking methods, rank sum is one of popular approach Stillwell et al, 1981. This method will be used to calculate the weighting for each criterion and can be
formulated as:
1 1
j i
k
n r w
n r
1.11
Where
i
w
is the normalized weight for the j
th
criterion, n is the number of criteria under consideration k
= 1,2,………,n, and
j
r is the rank position of the criterion. Each criterion is weighted
1
k
n r
and then normalized by the sum of all weights, that is
1
k
n r
.
25
2.4. Result and Discussion
