3. Idiomatic translation
Idiomatic translation is a meaning-based translation that makes every effort to communicate the meaning of the source language text in the
natural form of the receptor language.
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It reproduces the message of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring
colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the original. Example:
a. I dont have my eye on you = I don‟t remember you
b. I dont have my eye on you = I‟m already to go
4. Communicative translation
Communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an affect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original. It
render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible
to the readership.
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Example:
SL : Be the good girl you always have to be
TL : Jadilah seperti yang diharapkan
3. Equivalence in Translation
Some theorists have their own assumptions about equivalence. The first assumption comes from Vinay and Darbelnet in the Munday‟s book.
26
Milred L. Larson, Meaning-based Translation: A Guide to Cross Language Euivalence second edition, Lanham: University Press of America, 1998, p. 15
27
Peter Newmark, 1988, Op. Cit., p. 49
They stated that equivalence refers to cases where languages describe the same situation by different stylistic or structural means.
28
In the other way, Roman Jakobson defined that translation involves two equivalent message
in two different codes.
29
Moreover, Catford in the Hatim and Munday‟s book wrote texts in different languages can be equivalent in different degrees fully or
partially equivalent, in respect of different levels of presentation equivalent in respect of context, of semantics, of grammar, of lexis, etc,
and at different ranks word-for-word, phrase-for-phrase, sentence-for sentence.
30
According to Mona Baker, equivalence is variously regarded as a necessary condition for translations, an obstacle to a progress in
translation studies, or a useful category for describing translation. She also added that proponent of equivalence as the relationship between a source
text ST and a target text TT.
31
As many as the model of equivalence, the writer used Nida and Taber‟s theory that divided meaning equivalence into two, namely formal
equivalence and dynamic equivalence. The explaination as follows below:
28
Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Application, London: Routledge, 2001, p. 58
29
Roman Jakobson, On Linguistics Aspects of Translation: in R. A Brower ed On Translation, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1959, p. 233
30
Basil Hatim and Jeremy Munday, Translation: An Advance Resource Book, London: Routledge, 2004, p. 40
31
Mona Baker, In Other Word: A Coursebook on Translation, London: Routledge, 1998, p. 77
1.
Formal Equivalence
Formal equivalence focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content. One is concerned to the message in the receptor
language that should match as closely as possible the different elements in the source language. Formal equivalence consists of the
target language item that represents the closest equivalent of the source language either word, phrase, or sentence.
32
Therefore, formal equivalence is suggested to used in the possible time that have serious
implication in the target text since the translation will not be easily understood by the target audience.
2.
Dynamic Equivalence
In the other side, dynamic equivalence is based on what Nida calls „the principle of equivalent effect‟, where „the relation between receptor
and message should be substantially the same as that which existed between the orig
inal receptors and the message‟. They argued that frequently, the form of the original text is changed, but as long as the
change follows the ruls of the source language, or the contextual consistency of
33
the writer‟s intention.
32
Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. Taber, The Theory and Practice of Translation, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982, p. 200
33
Ibid, p. 200
From these explainations about equivalence above, it can be concluded that the equivalence is the important concept in the translation
process which seeks the meaning of subsitution of equal verb for the original text. Translation is based on the equivalence depending on the
rank, such as word, sentence, or text level.
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS
