7
3. Other writers:
The research is expected to give insight to other writers who will conduct further research on the same or similar topic.
G. Definition of Terms
There are some terms used that need to be described in this study, they are:
1. Implementation
According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s dictionary, implementation comes from the verb ‘implement’, that is “to put something into effect; to
carry something out” 1995: 595. From this definition which is found in the Oxford Advanced Learner’s dictionary, the writer redefines
implementation in this study as a theory or a method which is put into effect in a classroom situation. In this study, the researcher will implement
CIRC to teach reading to the fifth grade students of elementary school.
2. The Fifth Grade students
The fifth grade of elementary school is a level of school for children from 10 to 11 years old. In this study, the fifth grade students are the research
participants of this study. The fifth grade students are chosen because CIRC is intended for the upper and middle elementary grades.
8
3. Kanisius Kintelan Elementary School
Kanisius Kintelan Elementary School is one of the private elementary
schools in Yogyakarta. In this study, Kanisius Kintelan elementary school is chosen by the writer as the place to conduct the research.
4. Cooperative Integrated Reading Composition
Cooperative Integrated Reading Comprehension defines as a comprehensive program for teaching reading, writing, and language arts in
the upper elementary grades Slavin, 1995: 97. CIRC is focused on instructional method that is an attempt to use cooperative learning as a
mean for teaching reading or writing. In this study, the writer will implement CIRC to see the process the implementation of teaching
reading using CIRC.
5. KTSP KTSP
stands for Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan. It is the 2006 curriculum that is used in the educational system in Indonesia. In this
study, KTSP becomes the guidelines to conduct the research on the area of reading skills.
9
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter discusses the related literature as the theoretical base in doing the study on the implementation of CIRC to teach reading to the fifth grade
students of Kanisius Kintelan Elementary School, as it is outlines in the Chapter I. On this review of related literature, the theoretical description and the theoretical
framework of the study will be discussed further.
A. Theoretical Description
In this part, the writer discusses the theories about teaching reading for the fifth grade students of Kanisius Kintelan Yogyakarta using Cooperative Integrated
Reading Composition CIRC.
1. The Nature of Reading
Grabe and Stoller begin the discussion of the nature of reading by providing a definition of concept. Grabe and Stoller state that reading is the ability
to draw meaning from the printed page and the ability to interpret the information from the printed page appropriately Grabe and Stoller, 2004: 9. While
According to Moyle 1972: 21-25, reading is above all to do with the language, because in reading we meet all the components of the language such as
vocabulary, grammar, and even pronunciation. Reading is also form of communication; it becomes the base of spoken language because reading turns the
Kategori