32 The researcher would watch the video and then would take notes based on what
the video captured. The last instrument which was used to obtain the data was the interview.
The interview was used in order to find out the answer of the first and the second research question. The interview was conducted after the researcher implemented
one lesson unit. It means that the interview was conducted four times. The researcher conducted interview to the all fifth grade students. There were five to
six students for each interview. Furthermore, the researcher used guided interview which would be recorded using MP4.
E. Data Analysis Technique
In this research, the researcher used several steps in analyzing the data. First, the researcher would analyze the instruments that were used to attain the
answer of the first research question. Second, the researcher would analyze the instrument which was used to attain the answer of the second research question in
this study. In analyzing the instruments that were used to answer the first research question, there were several steps taken. The first process in analyzing the data
was the data reduction. According to Miles and Huberman 1985, they state that in qualitative
research the data analysis is done under three activities: data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. Data reduction refers to the process of selecting,
focusing, simplifying, abstracting and transforming the data that appears in the field notes or transcription Patton, 1994: 10. The data reduction was done in the
33 following points. First, the results of the field notes were reduced because not all
the data in the field notes were necessarily relating to the research. Only the important data which was useful to the research was taken. Second, the comments
that were added by the observer partner in the observation checklist also would be selected to enrich the data from the field notes.
Based on Wiersma 1969: 217, the process of data reduction was the part of coding. He states that coding is the process of organizing data and obtaining
data reduction. Moreover, he states that coding is the process of deciding on more category systems and then organized the data Wiersma, 1969: 217. So, after the
researcher conducted data reduction, the researcher organized the results of data reduction into some categories.
The categorization process was done in the following points. First, the researcher made the categories of the data. The categories were made based on
the principles of CIRC. The categories consisted of: Words Out Loud, Story- related activities, Story-related writing. Words Out Loud coded as WOL, Story-
related activities coded as SR, Story-related writing coded as SrW. After made the categories, the researcher did the coding process to the
results of the field notes. Then, the researcher clustered the same code of the data into its category. Then, the researcher would do the same steps for the results of
the observer’s comments in the observation checklists. Next, the researcher synthesized the results of the coding process of the field notes and the observation
checklist. Then, the researcher presented the data in the form of paragraph.
34 Before conducting the coding process to the results of the interviews, there
were several steps taken. First, the researcher listened to the recording several times. Second, the researcher made the transcripts based on the results of the
interviews. Third, the researcher would cluster the results of the interviews which were used to answer the first research question in this study. Fourth, the researcher
conducted the data reduction since there would be some unnecessary answers. Fifth, the researcher synthesized the data and then made categorization based on
the results of the interviews. Next, the researcher presented the results of the interviews in the form of paragraph.
After the researcher synthesized the results of the observation checklist, field notes and interviews, the researcher watched the results of video recording to
see the process of the implementation of CIRC through reading instructional materials design to teach reading to the fifth grade students. Then, the researcher
took notes based on the results of video recording to give additional data from field notes and observation checklist.
The next step in analyzing the data was triangulation which was done for instance, by comparing the data from the observation checklist, field notes,
interviews, and video recording. According to Patton 2002: 556 triangulation is a technique to combine different data collection method to overcome the bias data
that comes from single-methods, single observer, and single instrument. Since, the researcher used three instruments to answer the first research
question in this study, triangulation was chosen as a technique to analyze the data. The researcher would compare and combine the results of the observation
35 checklist, field notes and interviews to complement each other. Furthermore, the
researcher used one of the types of triangulation which was called as triangulation of qualitative data sources Patton 2002: 559 to check out the consistency of
information derived at different times and by means different instruments within qualitative methods. Through triangulation, the researcher would check whether
there were any differences data between the instruments that were used in this research or not. As the triangulation data within qualitative methods may not lead
to a single, totally consistent picture, Patton, 2002: 560. If there were any differences data, the researcher then would analyze why the differences appear.
After comparing, combining and checking the data consistency through triangulation, the researcher then presented the data in the descriptive form. The
result of triangulation presented integrated in the one descriptive illustration in the form of paragraph. In this step, the researcher would conclude the process of
implementation CIRC to teach reading to the fifth grade students of Kanisius Kintelan
Elementary School. Then, in order to find the answer of the second research question, the
researcher analyzed the results of the interviews. The researcher would cluster the answers of the interviews which were used to answer the second problem. Then,
the researcher synthesized the data and made categorization based on the results of the interviews. The last step was presenting the results of the interviews in the
form of paragraph.
36
F. Research Procedure
