the real world because it is created in a concrete context Haslett, 2000 :8. The theory of Marxism is not only help the writer to see the connection between
literature and society but also to see that social classes has the big power in shaping a society. By applying the theory of Marxism the writer is able to see the
influence of a social status in a society.
C. Review on History of Blacks in America around the 1950s
The writer focuses on two aspects within the black community. The aspects are:
1. Africans in America
The history of the settlement of black in America being an important explanation used by the writer to see the background of black in America around
the 1950s. Knowing the issues and also the historical figures who had influenced the Blacks in America. Mentioned in Introduction to Black Studies written by
Maulana Karenga stated as follows: There is strong evidence that Africans did not come to America first on
slave ships or as crew members and pilots on white ships, but on their own ships as early as 800-900 B.C.E. and afterwards in 1311 and 1312 1993:
110.
According to Karenga’s statement the settlement of African in America was not the impact of slavery. They even came before the enslavement era happened.
Karenga mentions also Van Sertima who has published new data about the settlement of Africans in America as stated below:
Van Sertima presents a further proof, skeletal evidence, from studies by craniologist AndrzejWeircinski which reveal a clear presence of
Africanoid skulls from Olmec B.C.E. sites. Van Sertima has clearly shown the African presence and legacy in Ancient America and thus, has given an
alternative image of African arrival here. In a word, he has demonstrated
that Africans came first to America, not as enslaved persons, but as explorers, traders, visitors and built with the Native Americans agreat
civilization that fortunately could not be erased by Europeans’ wholesale book burning and vandalism in Mexico. In doing this, he has made a
significant contribution to the rescue and reconstruction of Blacks history and humanity Karenga,1993: 114.
The discovery ofthe skullto be oneproofthatblackshavelivedbeforethe arrival of Columbus. Blacks had settled in America long before the enslavement.
The settlement of blacks in America was not really accepted. In the 1950s the African Americans was not treated as same as White. For example in
education the blacks did not get what the white got. Blacks aged seventeen got the same materials as thirteen years old white. It proves that although blacks can go to
school but their schools were not actually had a good standard Thernstrom and Thernstrom, 1997: 533
2. Black Economics
