18 He also had won some awards, such as Penghargaan Buku Puisi Terbaik
Dewan Kesenian Jakarta, Hadiah Sastra Lontar , and Sih Award Penghargaan
Puisi Terbaik Jurnal Puisi in 2001. He was invited to the Poetry Festival
Winternachten Transnational in London also in 2001. Linda Owens and Harry Avelling also translated his anthology, “Celana” into English, which later named
“Trouser Doll”. He never stops making improvements in the way of writing poems. He
always tries to explore a new way to write a poem. In 2013, he published an anthology entitled “Haduh, aku di-follow”. In this anthology, he wrote his poem
mostly in 140 characters, which named as puitwit.
2.3 Theoretical Framework
In this part, the writer gave explanations about how the theories were used as the framework to answer the formulated problem in this study. The
explanations covered the significance of each theory in this study. This framework was also guidance for the writer to analyze the poems.
The writer used the theory of existentialism, as the main operational concept in analyzing the poem. This theory was used to help the writer to know
deeper about how human beings constitute their essence. The writer used the theory of existentialism which was proposed by Sartre 1987. The writer
admitted that the theory of existentialism was not enough to analyze the poems. Thus, the writer decided to employ other theories. They were the theory of human
development and theory of symbols.
19 Theory of human development was used as the support in analyzing the
duty of human beings in their existence. This theory was used because the writer believed that the theory of existentialism has some lacks in explaining the duty of
human beings. By employing the theory of human development, the writer had more supports in analyzing the poems.
The theory of symbols was used because the aim of this study was to reveal the meanings of the “pants” in “Pants 1”, “Pants 2” and “Pants 3” written
by Joko Pinurbo. The “pants” here was used as a symbol in those three poems. Thus, the writer employed the theory of symbols, which was proposed by Reaske
1974. The writer also employed the theory of symbols, which was proposed by Perrin 1974 in order to limit the context of interpretations. At the end, the steps
above led to the meanings of the “pants”.
