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18.1 Waste Composition
Waste from industrialized countries
Characteristics:
high content of packaging made of paper, plastic, glass and metal
Moisture Content: Low Density: Low
Waste from developing countries
Characteristics: large amounts of inerts such as sand, ash, dust and stones and high moisture levels because of the
high usage of fresh fruit and vegetables. Moisture Content: High
Density: High
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18.2 Site Selection
…
is the most important decision in developing and
implementing a waste management plan
A poorly chosen site will require high cost on:
waste transport
site development
site operations
environmental protection
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Chronological development
business as usual
response from
politics
public outcry
cases of pollution
legislation technology
siting procedure
waste characteristics
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Stages of a siting process
• Introductory stage – making key decisions about
• area to be served • type and composition of waste to be landfilled
• target lifetime minimum 10 years
– developing a work plan for site selection
• Main stage – Preliminary site selection
– Identification of the selection criteria – Decision of relative importance of the selection criteria
– Establishing a ranking of the sites – Final selection
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Making the key decisions • Establish current situation
– review existing facilities – calculate remaining capacity find waste composition
• Define future needs
– estimate future waste quantities – estimate future changes of waste composition
Introductory Stage
Work plan for site selection
Elements of the plan are dictated by legal and administrative procedures and requirements in force within the area.
These elements as well as their sequence may differ from country to country.
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Preliminary site selection
- Define search area based on natural and administrative constraints
hauling distances.
- Make use of maps and visit the sites. - Apply preliminary selection criteria.
- Estimate costs involved economies of scale play a role. - Prepare a list of sites, along with their pros and cons
- Size of the site and access - Safety proximity of airport etc.
-Country planning constraints drinking water aquifer, protected nature area etc.
- ……
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Final site selection criteria 18: Planning a landfill
•Geological aspects •Hydrogeological aspects
•Public healthpublic acceptance
-near residential area -near places of religious, cultural or historical
importance -near agricultural sites land
-near drinking water wells, ponds, river in criteria of country planning as well
near airport
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18.3 Groundwater