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Example: SL: She explains in broken English
TL: Dia menjelaskan dalam bahasa inggris yang kurang sempurna
h Communicative Translation
It expresses the meaning of the SL into TL in a standard expression for that situation. The equivalent of source text is a
standard expression for SL and the target text is a standard expression for the TL too.
Example: SL: Never mind
TL: Tidak apa –apa.
2.5 Culture in Translation Culture comes from the Latin
word cultura stemming from colere,
meaning to cultivate. Culture has many definitions, and it affects everything
people do in their society because of their idea, values, attitudes, and normative or expected patterns of behavior.
Richerson and Boyd 2005: 5 state that “Culture is information capable of affecting individuals‟ behavior that they acquire from
other members of their species through teaching, imitation, and other forms of social transmission.
” It means that culture is the complex and broad set of relationships, values, attitudes and behaviors that bind a specific community
consciously and unconsciously. Hofstede 1980:21-
23 defines culture as “The collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members o
f one group from another,” which is
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passed from generation to generation. It is changing all the time because each generation adds something of its own before passing it on. It is usual that one‟s
culture is taken for granted and assumed to be correct because it is the only one, or at least the first, to be learned. More specifically concerned with language and
translation, Newmark 1988:94 defines culture as The way of life and its manifestations that are peculiar to a community that uses a particular language as
its means of expression. It means that every community living around the world has its own culture and sociality. They both can be seen from the way of the
community interacts with others. The culture has important role to development and variation of language. Therefore, because of the development and variation of
language, in this case translation is influenced by the culture inside. “Translation is
a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions” Toury 2000: 200. It means that the translator deals with a
text which involves more than one cultural element. In the process of translating a text the translator should know not only the languages involved, but also their
cultures and rhetorical traditions Enkvist 1991: 14-15. So, the ability of the translator about culture in the source text and the target text is required to
transferring the meaning correctly. From all explanation above we can conclude that culture is information
ideas, values, customs, and skills that transmitted from person to person through direct teaching, imitation, or writing which allows for change along with the
period development. It guides behavior and provides framework for interpreting things in the world and may or may
not be “adaptive”. On the other hand, we also
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can conclude that culture in translation is affecting the process of translation by the translator. The knowledge of translator about culture is needed to transferring
the ideas or values of source text into target text appropriate with their culture.
2.6 Process of Translation
