Illegal immigration refers to immigration across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. In
politics, the term may imply a larger set of social issues and time constraints with disputed consequences in areas such as economy, social
welfare, education, health care, slavery, prostitution, in the town centre. In January 2003
The Sandakan Harbour Square, an urban renewal Sandakan project, was launched in an attempt to revive the town centre as the commercial hub
in Sandakan. Mindanao, was historically also known as Gran Molucas or Great
Mollucas. The region is named after the Maguindanaons who constituted the largest Sultanate historically. Based on some e evidences
from maps made during the 17th and 18th centuries it suggest taht the name was used to refer to the island by natives at the time. Meanwhile
the evidence of human occupation dates back tens of thousands of years. It is noted that in prehistoric times the Negrito people arrived in there
and sometime around 1500 BC Austronesian peoples spread throughout the Philippines and far beyond.
IV. Trade Contacts in the Border Areas between Malaysia and the Philippines
Since Malaysia develops the idea on tourism promotion “Malaysia is truly Asia”, the country has fast developed not only the city center in Kuala Lumpur, but also its border
regions. The government also introduces the concept of sustainable tourism development. This can be seen at the idea of “the Tip of Borneo: Tanjung Simpang Mengayau”, in
which becomes one of the tourist destination in the peak of Borneo. The Malaysian government has also the Ministry of Luar Bandar that arranges and manages the issues on
the border region with the Philippines and Indonesia. It is even since last year 2008, there is a direct flight from Jakarta to Kota Kinabalu by Air Asia. From Kota Kinabalu we have
good access and infrastructure to other border cities like Sandakan, Tawau, Lahat Datu, Kota Belud, Kota Marundu and Kudat. This is a way how to promote that the border
regions in Sarawak and Sabah are not any longer as a remote, backyard, and underdeveloped regions.
Kudat
The border in the Philippines regions there are lack of infrastructure and access to the border regions. This also happens to the border regions in Indonesia in
which if we travel from Jakarta to Balikpapan, Tarakan and Nunukan we can catch flight. But, to the border regions like in the East Kalimantan such as
Krayan for instance it is still difficult to have a good access and infrastructure. This is, could be, one reason, why many Indonesians, in which they are in
Malaysia are called as “Indon” often come and cross to the Malaysian borders to get jobs. The reason is that they do not know exactly from which parts of
the Indonesian archipelago they come from. For instance they question is, whether they are the Timorese, the Javanese, the Buginese, the Lombok
people, the Sumbawanese and other ethnic groups in the Indonesian archipelago. In the past decades, there were many from Nusa Tenggara Barat
like Sumbawa, Lombok and its surrounding areas to Sabah. Due to better opportunities and better salaries, recently they have moved to other parts of
Malaysia, for instance to Tanah Semenanjung, particularly to Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru which is closest area to cross to Singapore.
Kudat- Sabah in particular is proper port-to-port trading is being eyed to take place between Sabah and Palawan as their respective
key government and private sector players begin joint efforts to formally
link two
neighboring municipalities
that could
strategically open a vibrant trade between the two BIMP-EAGA focus areas.
In a recently signed Memorandum of Understanding on the Cross- Border Trade between Kudat, Sabah and Brookes Point, Palawan,
it was agreed that a concerted effort will be undertaken to formally open trade links between the Municipality of Brookes Point in
Palawan and Kudat, Sabah and promote intra and extra-EAGA trade, tourism and investments in the area of agro-industry and
natural
resources, transport,
infrastructure, information, etc.
Business Council BEBC Kudat, Sabah Chapter on March 27 in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
V. THE POLICY ON TRADE CONTACTS IN THE BORDER AREAS BETWEEN MALAYSIA AND THE PHILIPPINES
Amer 2000 notes that Malaysia and the Philippines have to be in agreement on maritime boundaries in the Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea and in the South China Sea proper. In the recent
development, they have overlapping claims to parts of the Spratly Archipelago in the South China Sea, which are also claimed by Vietnam. In addition to this, Malaysia and the
Philippines have not yet formally settled with the Sabah issue Amer, 2000: 35. The description of the trade contacts in the border regions between Malaysia and the
Philippines is actually similar between the trade border between Malaysia and the Indonesia. It is known that as with other Malaysian states, a policy of active recruiting of
migrant labor to Sabah commenced in the 1970s to ease the labor shortage Anne-Marie Hilsdon, 2008: 2.
This situation much developed after the introducing the economic Reform and Growth in the 1980s, in which Dr. Mohamad Mahathir succeeded Datuk Hussein as prime minister.
At that year, Mahathir instituted economic reforms that would transform Malaysia into one of the so-called Asian Tigers. Ten years later 1990s, Mahathir embarked on a massive
project to build a new capital from scratch in an attempt to bypass congested Kuala Lumpur. Laqter on in the beginning in 1997, Malaysia suffered from the Asian currency
crisis. Instead of following the economic prescriptions of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, the prime minister opted for fixed exchange rates and capital controls.
This affectes the increasing the economic growth and in late 1999, Malaysia was on the road to economic recovery, and it appeared Mahathirs measures were working.
Statistik Kelulusan
Pas Lawatan
Kerja Sementara,
2004: 71
Citizenship Indonesia
Indonesia Filipino
Filipino Total
Total
Sektor Kategori
PBaru PLama
PBaru PLama
P Baru P Lama
Pembantu rumah
261 512
11 36
271 548
Perkilangan 342
977 30
36 373
1012
Perladangan 2725
4377 155
202 2880
4579
Pembinaan 92
74 30
40 122
114
Perkhidmata n
96 234
79 89
178 323
Lain-lain Total
3526 6874
396 402
3825 6576
