Findings FIGURES OF SPEECH BY COMPARISON IN CORALINE BY NEIL GAIMAN.

Table 2. Types and Functions of Figures of Speech by Comparison in Coraline Types of Figures of Speech by Comparison Frequency Functions of Figures of Speech by Comparison 1 2 3 4 Metaphor 15 5 11 6 4 Simile 79 33 61 24 4 Personification 46 41 10 14 8 Apostrophe 1 1 Total 141 80 82 44 16 Note : Function 1 : to give imaginative pleasure 2 : to bring additional imagery 3 : to add emotional intensity 4 : to concrete meaning in a brief compass Perrine 1969: 65 – 118 proposes twelve types of figures of speech which can be classified into three categories. They are figures of speech by comparison, figures of speech by association, and figures of speech by contrast. In this research, the research focus is limited on analyzing figures of speech by comparison in Coraline novel. Based on Table 2, all four types of figures of speech by comparison are found in Neil Gaiman‘s Coraline. They are metaphor, simile, personification, and apostrophe. From the data above the researcher found a total of 141 data. Table 2 shows that the writer tends to use direct comparison. It is proven by the finding of simile occurrences in 79 data from a total of 141 data. Simile becomes the most frequent type of figures of speech by comparison found in Coraline novel. Meanwhile, apostrophe is the rarest figures of speech by comparison found in Coraline. It only shows up one time in the whole story. In apostrophe, a speaker is addressing a person or an object which is not there by the time he is speaking. There is no much events of a character perform such action. Each type of figures of speech has its functions in the novel. There are four functions of figures of speech by comparison suggested by Perrine 1969: 71-72: to give imaginative pleasure, to bring an additional imagery, to add emotional intensity, and to concrete meaning in a brief compass. The researcher found that one type of figures of speech may have more than one function. Each figures of speech have the equal possibility to possess all of the function of applying figures of speech in literary text. It is because figures of speech often provide a more effective means of saying than does direct statement. Therefore, although figures of speech by comparison occur 141 times, the total number of the functions is 222 data. In the table above, it shows that function of bringing additional imagery is at the most frequent functions applied in Coraline. Simile is the figures of speech by comparison which has the most function in bringing additional imagery. It has a role to create imagery in readers‘ mind because it creates depiction through comparison and illustration. To give imaginative pleasure has close frequency of occurrence with function of bringing additional imagery. Based on the table above, personification is the figures of speech by comparison that contributes the most numerous imaginative pleasure due to the nature of personification to illustrate. The lowest level of frequency in function of figures of speech by comparison is to concrete meaning in a brief compass that contributes around 16 data. In Coraline novel, personification is figures of speech by comparison which has the most function in concreting meaning in a brief compass among others.

B. Discussion

In the discussion section, the answers to the research questions are presented in deeper explanation of the findings. More detailed information is presented to clarify the objectives of the research covering the discussion of types of figures of speech by comparison found in Coraline and also the functions of using those types.

1. The Types of Figures of Speech by Comparison Used in Coraline

Novel by Neil Gaiman The first discussion in this section is about the types of figures of speech by comparison which occur in Coraline novel. There are four types of figures of speech by comparison which are applied in Neil Gaiman‘s Coraline. They are metaphor, simile, personification, and apostrophe. To make it simpler, the researcher put the discussion in some points as follows. a. Metaphor Metaphor is the expression of comparing two unlike things which have similar nature. This type of figures of speech by comparison is closely related to simile which also compares some things. However, the comparison in metaphor is implied Perrine, 1969: 65. It needs no connector word to compare some things. The researcher found many metaphor used in Coraline. By using this type, the author attempts to indirectly compare two objects in his story. This expression allows readers to imagine the similarities between two objects being compared in the narration or characters‘ utterances. One of the examples of this type is shown below. ―Small world‖, said Coraline. ―It‘s big enough for her,‖ said the cat. ―Spiders’ webs only have to be large enough to catch flies.‖ 059P.73Met2 The cat uses metaphor to compares the other mother‘s small world with spider‘s webs. It is to describe the situation when Coraline exploring the other mother‘s world. She just walked around the world. She started out walking away from the house and ended up coming back to it; hence, she concludes it as a small world. The cat breaks in with the idea that the world is big enough for the other mother. The cat compares the small world with spiders‘ webs. The metaphor is used to explain how big the other mother built the world with its function. She does not need to build a big world to get her target, children. It is the same as spiders which form small webs to trap little insects like flies. For her, the world has to be attractive to catch children‘s attention and make them willing to stay there. In that way, the other mother did not make an extensive world. The next datum of metaphor found in Coraline novel can be seen below. It was the size of a broom closet . 067P.79Met4 This narration takes time when the other mother gets angry to Coraline‘s bad manner towards her. She puts Coraline away to a mysterious room behind a