core of a sentence. In addition, it may also function as the chief or headword in many structure of modification.
a. Function of Nouns
1 Function in Central Core Frank, 1972: 9-10
i. Subject of Verb
Subject of verb means who or what is being talked about. The verb agrees with the subject in person and in number.
ii. Complement of Verb Object of Verb
An object of verb can be: -
A direct object: who or what receives the action of the verb. -
An indirect object: a second object to or for which the action of the verb is directed. The indirect object precedes the direct object.
iii. Subjective Complement Predicate Noun
A subjective complement is used after a linking verb to refer back to the subject. While an object of a verb has a different identity from the subject,
a subjective complement has the same identity as the subject. iv.
Objective Complement An objective complement is an object following the direct object that has
the same identity as the direct object. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
2 Function in Modification Structures Frank, 1972: 10-11
i. Object of Preposition
Object of preposition completes the idea of time, direction, position, etc. begun by a preposition.
The student sat at his desk. His desk
is the object of the preposition at. ii.
Noun in Apposition A second noun is used after a first one to re-identify the first one.
Mr. Johnson, my teacher, is very intelligent .
The first noun may be used in any of the functions already given. iii.
Noun in Direct Address Usually a proper noun used to draw the attention of the person being
spoken to. The noun in direct address actually names the ‘subject’ who is asked to perform in a request or a command.
John, open the window please. iv.
Noun Adjunct Noun adjunct is a noun use in adjective position before another noun, the
two together forming a noun compound. She’s going to the grocery store.
b. Types of Nouns
1 Types of Nouns Classified by Meaning
There are four types of nouns classified by meaning Frank: 1972: 6-7: PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
i. Proper Nouns
A proper noun begins with a capital letter in writing. It includes personal names Mr. Alex Rover, names of geographic units such as countries,
cities, rivers, etc. Bangladesh, Jakarta, names of nationalities and religions the English, Christianity, names of holidays Independence
Day , Christmas, names of time units Monday, June, and words used for
personification. As opposed to proper nouns, all other nouns are classified as common nouns.
ii. Concrete or Abstract Nouns
A concrete noun is a word for a physical object that can be perceived by the senses – we can see, touch, and smell the object. An abstract noun is a
word for a concept – it is an idea that exists in our minds only. iii.
Countable or Noncountable Nouns A countable noun can usually be made plural by the addition of –s. A
noncountable noun is not used in the plural. However, some noncountable nouns may also be used in a countable sense and will have a plural. The
example is the word chicken. In ‘We had chicken for dinner’, chicken is a noncountable noun; in ‘There were many chickens in the yard’, chicken is
a countable noun. iv.
Collective Nouns A collective noun is a word for a group of people, animals, or objects
considered as a single unit. The examples are audience, committee, class, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
and herd. Collective nouns are countable nouns and they may have plural forms.
2 Type of Nouns Classified by Form Frank, 1972: 7-8
Compound nouns The term compound refers to a group of words joined together into one
vocabulary unit that functions as a single part of speech. Compounds may be written as two separate words, as hyphenated words, or as single words.
Compound nouns consist of the following forms: 1. noun + noun: bathroom, department store, grammar book
2. possessive noun + noun: artist’s model, lady’s maid 3. adjective + noun: blackbird, common sense
4. verb + noun: pickpocket, dance team 5. noun + verb: handshake, lifeguard
6. gerund + noun: dining room, punching bag 7. noun + gerund: housecleaning, fortune telling
8. preposition + noun: overalls, downpour 9. verb + preposition: breakdown, grown-up
10. noun + prepositional phrase: son-in-law, editor-in-chief
3. A Brief Overview of Language Errors
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