Data Analysis Technique METHODOLOGY

F. Data Analysis Technique

In order to analyze the data, the researcher followed several steps. Firstly, she transferred the recorded speech into soft file by connecting the cassettes in the recorder into a personal computer, and then transcribed the speech into written text. Through the transcription, the writer tried to identify every noun spoken by the participants. After finding the nouns, she applied Sony Sound Forge 8.0.53™ to the soft file in order to analyze the data. The software was used since it could show the length and also the pitch of each syllable so the writer could observe the syllables of each word in detail. The length in the figure showed the length of each syllable utterances. The longer the figure, the longer the syllable was uttered. Moreover, the height of the figure showed the pitch of the syllables. Higher pitch in the figure indicated that the syllable was spoken with higher pitch than the other syllables. The example of the use of the software could be seen in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1: Example of the use of Sony Sound Forge 8.0.53™ the first part the first part the second part the second part the second part The speaker uttered the word “people” with an appropriate stress pattern The speaker misplaced the stress of the word “people” The speaker tended to put equal stress on the word “people” the first part The figures in the Figure 3.1 all sounded people; however, they were spoken with different stress placements. From the figure in the first column, it could be seen that the height of the first part was higher than the second part. It meant that the first syllable was spoken with higher pitch. Moreover, the length of the first part was longer than the second. It meant that the first syllable was spoken longer than the second syllable. Therefore, the figure in the first column showed that the speaker put the stress on the first syllable of the word people. The figure in the second column indicated that the speaker uttered the word “people” with inappropriate stress pattern that was misplacing the word stress. People was supposed to have stress on its first syllable; however, the speaker stressed the second syllable more prominent than the first. The prominence could be seen from the length of the second part which was dramatically longer than the first one. The figure in the third column showed another phenomenon. The pitch and the length of the first and second syllable were quite the same. It was quite difficult to identify which syllable that was stressed because the speaker gave same level of prominence to the syllables. After identifying the stress of the participants’ production, the researcher used method of difference to classify the data. Method of difference was a method of qualitative data analysis in which a researcher compared characteristics among cases in which cases shared significant outcomes but others did not. The features that caused the differences were then pinpointed Neuman, 2006: 473. In this study, the characteristic being shared was the appropriate stress placement of PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI nouns and the features being pinpointed were the nouns with incorrect stress pattern. The appropriate nouns stress placement was based on some references as Collins Cobuild English Dictionary for Advanced Learners 2001 and The New Oxford American Dictionary 2 nd edition 2005. Moreover, the accents that were identified as the appropriate English word stress would be both American English and British English. In order to make the analysis easier, the writer classified every type of nouns into tables. Each table would consist of nouns according to its type, the appropriate stress placement based on dictionary, the frequency of how many times the nouns occurred, the frequency of right occurrences and the frequency of inappropriate word stress occurrences. The classification would be like this: Table 3.1.1: The List of Disyllabic Nouns Disyllabic Nouns Stress Placement based on Dictionary Frequency Of Occurrences Frequency of Right Occurrences Frequency of Error Occurrences Table 3.1.2: The List of Trisyllabic Nouns Trisyllabic Nouns Stress Placement based on Dictionary Frequency Of Occurrences Frequency of Right Occurrences Frequency of Error Occurrences PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Table 3.1.3: The List of Tetrasyllabic Nouns Tetrasyllabic Nouns Stress Placement based on Dictionary Frequency Of Occurrences Frequency of Right Occurrences Frequency of Error Occurrences Table 3.1.4: The List of Affix Nouns Affix Nouns Stress Placement based on Dictionary Frequency Of Occurrences Frequency of Right Occurrences Frequency of Error Occurrences Table 3.1.5: The List of Compound Nouns Affix Nouns Stress Placement based on Dictionary Frequency Of Occurrences Frequency of Right Occurrences Frequency of Error Occurrences The content of Tables 3.1.1 to 3.1.5 would be presented in Appendix 4. Nevertheless, the writer would present the summary of those tables in Chapter IV.

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION