Literature Review LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPT, AND THEORETICAL

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPT, AND THEORETICAL

FRAMEWORK

2.1. Literature Review

Bektiningtyas thesis 2002 entitled “Taboo Words in Sidney Sheldon’s Bloodline and their translation into Indonesian” discusses about the translation equivalent of English taboo words found in Sidney Sheldon’s novel Bloodline English version into the receptor language in Garis Darah Indonesian version. The theories that support her discussion are related with the translation of equivalent of the English taboo words, euphemism and the theory of the novel. One of the theories is come from Jay who writes that the English taboo words have 10ten categories. The translation is an important part of this discussion therefore the theories that are used in this paper are from Larson, Bell, Nida, and others. The result of this discussion is divided into 3 parts. In Bloodline English version, can be found 66 English taboo words which are categorized into 8 categories. The use of euphemistic language takes the main point in achieving the translation equivalent of the English taboo words in Bloodline English version. From the source language into the existing translation, the translator keep in mind that ‘reading between the lines’ is essential to get the equal words as the translation equivalent. The different between her research and my research at the part where her research more concentrated on translation but my research is about detailing in what is the function and meaning of taboo words. The writer 7 can search for a new idea to make more different research theories through her research because she used Jay theories. Noviyanti thesis 2011 entitled “The Translation of Taboo Words in Scary Movie 3 and Avatar” concern about classifying the kinds of Taboo words, and to investigate the translation of taboo words. The data of this study was taken from the movie research of both movie titles. The analysis of the translation and the taboo words is primarily based on the theories Larson 1998, taboo word theory use Jay and the function of the taboo words according to Holmes 1992. According to Jay 1992: 2-9 there are 10ten categories of taboo words: cursing, profanity, blasphemy, taboo, obscenity, vulgarity, slang, epithets, insult, slurs, scatology and for translation there are 3 characteristic by Larson that is: 1. The characteristic of meaning components, 2. The same meaning component, 3. One form can express a variety used to several alternative meaning. And there are two main types of translation Literal translation and Idiomatic translation. For the function of taboo words based by Holmes there are six function of taboo words that is: 1. Expressive, 2. Directive, 3. Referential, 4. Metalinguistic, 5. Poetic, and 6. Phatic function. In her research she used 3 theory that from Larson, Jay, and Holmes. From her research the writer can take a good hint to make more good resource to add in the writer research. Her research was doing translation on 2 movies so the writer can use some of her theories as a review in my research to find types of taboo words and function and meaning of taboo words itself. Wiadnyana thesis 2012 entitled ‘Taboo Word in the Hollywood Movie “Bad Teacher” concentrated in analyzing the use of taboo words in the movie and to analyzing the use of taboo language in women’s, men’s and mixed gender conversations in the movie “Bad Teacher”. There are two theories of taboo words proposed by Timothy Jay 1992. Jay classified taboo words into ten types, they are: cursing, profanity, blasphemy, taboo, obscenity, vulgarity, slang, epithets, insult, slurs, and scatology. The second theory that used in this paper is about the features of woman language, proposed by lakoff 1975. Those theories are also supported by some theories from some experts. The data was taken through note-taking technique and the data were categorized based on the theories. The analysis is presented on each type of taboo words by dialogue, and then analyzed it with qualitative method. His research almost same with the second literary review about analyzing language from men and women taboo word just small difference in mixed gender and the theory of analyzing the language is different too, he using the lakoff theory to find the woman language and from this theory the writer can find another way to identify taboo word to make more meaning in taboo words. There is an article by Reilly in 2013 entitled “Why its now worse to be called FAT than sworn at: Todays most taboo words relate to body size, skin color and disability which is included in international journal of linguistics published by Scientech USA this article explain about how Swear words have changed over the centuries and now a new genre of modern swear words has entered the English language. And she also analysis about sex and toilet humor become less taboo, more offensive words related to disability, skin color and body size are beginning to replace them. But experts say that this is a sign that society is more sympathetic to those who are vulnerable or in a minority and less tolerant of hatred. From this article the writer can used the information and can take advantage about how many taboo words that have growing in this modern state and what kind the taboo words that have change. There is an article by R.L.G in 2015 entitled “The Last Taboos” which is included in international journal of linguistic published by Berlin USA in this article R.L.G explain about how taboo words is being used in society or in the people life from swearing and cursing that make lots of people feel uncomfortable and even shock. Taboo words have moved from the religious through the sexual and excretory. But in the modern West, the last truly shocking words are those that refer to disadvantaged groups: women, gays, members of racial minorities and those with disabilities. Those liberal newspaper editors who proudly reprinted offensive Muhammad cartoons from Charlie Hebdo out of solidarity with the slain cartoonists would never dream of using the words that slur people from Muslim countries: towelhead, camel jockey, Paki or take a slow breath sand nigger. So from this article the writer will take more consideration in search for a sentence that writer must take from novel and this article was very inspiring the writer to search more taboo word and will do the analysis carefully.

2.2. Concept