16 a.
Thrill and adventure seeking: a desire to engage in physical activities involving speed, danger, novelty, and defiance of gravity such as parachuting,
scuba diving, or bungee jumping. b.
Experience seeking: the search for novel experiences through travel, music, art, or nonconformist lifestyle with similarity inclined people.
c. Disinhibition: the need to seek release in inhibited social activities.
d. Boredom susceptibility: an aversion to repetitive experiences, routine work,
and predictable people, and a reaction of restless of discontent when exposed to such situations.
7. Theory of Needs
American psychologist Murray 1938 developed a theory of personality that was organized in terms of motives, presses, and needs. Murray 1938
describes needs as a potentiality or readiness to respond in a certain way under certain given circumstances. Theories of personality which are on needs and
motives suggest that our personalities are a reflection of behaviors controlled by needs. Furthermore, some needs are temporary and changing, other needs are
more deeply seated in our nature. According to Murray 1938, these psychogenic needs function mostly on the unconscious level, but play a major role in our
personality. These are the two types of needs: a.
Primary Needs Primary needs are basic needs that are based on biological demands, such
as the need for oxygen, food, and water.
17 b.
Secondary Needs Secondary needs are generally psychological, such as the need for
nurturing, independence, and achievement. Besides, these needs might not be fundamental for basic survival, namely essential for psychological well-being.
According to Murray 1938, all people have these needs, but each individual tends to have a certain level of each need. The first one is ambition needs. The
components of ambition needs are achievement success, accomplishment, and overcoming obstacles, exhibition shocking or thrilling other people, and
recognition displaying achievement and gaining social status. The second one is materialistic needs. The components of materialistic needs are acquisition
obtaining things, construction creating things, order making things neat and organized, and retention keeping things.
Moreover, Murray 1938 also adds the needs, that is power needs. The components of power needs are abasement confessing and apologizing,
autonomy independence and resistance, aggression attacking or ridiculing others, blame avoidance following the rules and avoiding blame, deference
obeying and cooperating with others, and dominance controlling others. The fourth one is affection needs. The components of affection needs are affiliation
spending time with other people, nurturance taking care of another person, play having fun with others, rejection rejecting other people, and succorance
being helped or protected by others. The last one is information needs. The
18 components of information needs are cognizance seeking knowledge and asking
questions and exposition education others.
B. Theoretical Framework
In this study, there are two formulated problems. The first problem can be answered by
analyzing Theresa‟s character. The researcher applies Murphy‟s 1972 theory that is character and characterization. Through personal description,
character can be seen by others through speech, past life, conversation with others, reaction, direct comments, thoughts, and mannerism. Then, the researcher
defines Theresa‟s character. The second problem can be answered by analyzing the true meaning of
Theresa‟s love. The researcher uses psychoanalytic approach and some theories such as theory of love, theory of need, theory of motivation, and theory of
katresnanism. One of katresnanism aos which is used in this study is atur panuwun. Then, the researcher will find the connec
tion of Theresa‟s characteristics and the true meaning of love.
C. Context of the Novel
Context of the novel is a setting where and when the novel is written. By knowing the setting of the novel and its author, the readers may understand the
story easily. The context of the novel is divided into two settings. The first one is the setting of the author when he writes the novel. The author of this novel is
Nicholas Sparks. In writing Message in a Bottle, Sparks was inspired by his parents‟ relationship. His parents had gotten married twenty-seven years. They
