AN ANALYSIS ON SPEECH ACT USED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER IN “JUSTIN CHADWICK MANDELA LONG WALK TO FREEDOM” MOVIE
HAPTER I
INTRODUTION
This chapter contains background of the study, statement of problem,
purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and
definition of key term. Each section is presented as follows:
1.1 Background of the Study
Language is a dominant part of communication. Everyday, people interact
with others using a language. It has significant role in our life. In communication,
people use a language as tool to communicate. They can share about feeling,
thought, and idea by communication. To communicate, people use language
orally and also by gestures. A succesfull comunication can be done, if the speaker
and listener are able to understand about feeling, thought, and idea each other.
Language is also identified as a representation of action.
When people communicate with others, people produce utterances as type
of action which is called speech act. Acccording to Yule (200:33) speech act is
the action performed by speaker with an utterance. It means that people can do
many things through language such as ordering, requesting, apologizing,
asserting, commanding and thanking. According to Finegan (2007:283) actions
that are carried out through language are called speech acts. Speaking language
means uttering speech act such as requesting, commanding and thanking.
Generaly, speech act is the act of communication. To communicate is to represent
a certain attitude and the type of speech act being performed corresponds to the
type of attitude being expressed. According to Griffiths (2006:48) speech act can
be done in writing, not only in speaking.
Speech act can be found in whole activities of human life. Austin (962, in
Mey 2009:003) stated that speech act can be classified into three fascets. Firstly,
locutionary act. It is a production of a meaningful linguistic expression. Secondly,
illocutionary act. It is the action intended to be performed by a speaker in uttering
a linguistic expression. Thirdly, perlocutionary act. It is bringing the
consequences or effect on the audience through linguistics expression.
In
addition,
Wardhaugh
(2006:287)
identifies
classification
of
illocutionary act into five categories, namely : assertives, directives, commissives,
expressives, and declaratives. The first one is assertives. Assertives is a kind of
speech act which commit the hearer to the truth of proposition. The second one is
directives. Directives is type of speech act which gets the hearer to believe state
what speaker believe in a such a way as to make his or her behavior match the
propositional content of the directive. The third one is commissives. Commisives
is a type of speech acts which commit the speaker to undertake a course of action
represent in the propositional content. The fourth one is expressives. Expressives
is a type of speech which expresses the sincerity conditions of the speech act. The
last one is declaratives. Declaratives is a type of speech act which bring about a
change in the world by representing it as having changed.
Based on the explanation, movie is choosen as one kind of literary works
that is interesting to analyze. Moreover, the field of speech act can be found in
movie. Beside, it represents a story about human activites. When watching a
2
movie, people will not only get entertainment or education but will also find
exploration of human personality, problems, and feelings. Besides, movie shows
people how to survive on one conviction of life.
Therefore the writer chooses “Mandela Long Walk to Freedom” movie.
The movie is based on an autobiographical book Long Walk to Freedom in 995.
The movie is based on the reality that happened in South Africa. This movie tells
about friendship, love, and struggle of Mandela as a South African who struggles
against post apartheid in their country. He led his friends to force again white
domination and fight against discrimination to black people. He dedicated his life
to freedom for African. He spent 27 years in prison for his activity against
apartheid, because he wants equal opportunity to all african people. Finally, he
was choosen as a president on first election in South Africa and he declared the
independent of South Africa nation.
The dialogue in this movie is very interesting to be analyzed because this
movie contains Mandela as a president speech act. When people speak to others, it
means that he or she does an act through utterances. The language in “Mandela
Long Walk to Freedom” movie represents speech acts which are commonly used
by Mandela as a main character to express his feeling, thought, and idea. The
main characters in this movie often produce utterance which can illustrate the
situation such as when they are angry, confused, happy, and sad. Mandela gave
inspiration for South African related with his struggle for South Africa freedom
from post apartheid regime. He was a symbol for freedom and humanity. Based
3
on the explanation, this study attempts to analyze Mandela on his president speech
act type and find out the contextual meaning from Mandela speech act.
Other researchers have researched on speech act. Firstly, Nugrahini (204)
studied speech act under tittle “Illocutionary Act Used by Sherlock Holmes in A
Game of Shadowsa Movie”, and the result showed that declarative, interogative,
and imperative were the sentences types used by the main character in A Game of
Shadowsa movie. Secondly, Zainun (203) who also studied speech acts under the
tittle “An Analysis of Speech Act Used by Puss in a “Puss Bootsa” Film by Chriss
Miller and based on the result, there were 22 speech act utterances used by Puss
in a “Puss Bootsa” Film by Chriss Miller.
Therefore, the writer chooses “Mandela long Walk to Freedom” movie as
an object of this study. In this study the writer focuses on how the main character
of “Mandela Long Walk to Freedom” movie produces speech acts in the
dialogues.
1.2 Statement of Problem
The problems of this study are elaborated as follows:
. What are kinds of speech act used by the main character of “Mandela
Long to Freedom” movie?
2. What are contextual meanings of speech act used by the main character of
“Mandela Long Walk to Freedom” movie?
1.3 Purpose of The Study
By conducting this study, the purposes of this study are presented as follow:
4
. To explain the kind of speech acts used by main character of “Mandela
Long Walk to Freedom” movie.
2. To find out the contextual meaning of speech act used by main character
of “Mandela Long Walk to Freedom” movie
1.4 Significance of The Study
Practically, the findings of this research were expected to give valuable
inputs for some parts:
Firstly, English department lecturers. It is expected to be able to help
English department lecturers in giving knowledge on speech act.
Secondly, English department students. It is expected to give contribution
to English department students to understand well on pragmatics, especially on
speech act.
Thirdly, for the next researchers. The result of this research can be used as
a reference and hopefully give valuable information and deeply understanding to
develop their research in the future.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
This analysis focused on “Long Walk to Freedom” movie. From this
movie, there are a lot of topics which can be analyzed, but this analysis focused
on the speech act used by the main character as the scope of the analysis. For the
limitation, it is limited on the kinds of speech act and the contextual meaning of
speech act used by the main character.
5
1.6 Definition of Key Term
The definition of key terms in this research is aimed at avoiding
misunderstanding of the terms which exist in the research. The terms that are
necessary to be defined are as follows:
.
nalysis is trying to examine all parts of work in relation to the whole,
select for examination one aspect or element or part that relates to the
whole.
2.
Speech ct is a action that represent within a language.
So, speech act is the action performed by a speaker with an utterance
(Yule, 200:33).
3.
Nelson Mandela is a one of the main characters of “Long Walk to
Freedom” movie.
4.
Justin Chadwick is a director of “Mandela Long Walk to Freedom”
movie.
5.
“Mandela Long Walk to Freedom” movie is a movie directed by Anant
Singh in 203 which tells about a South African person who struggles
against discrimination and domination of white people in South Africa.
6.
Locutionary act is a message that we deliver in communication. So,
locutionary act is a production of a meaningful linguistic expression.
Austin (962, in Mey 2009:002).
7.
Illocutionary act is a what we intend by saying it. So, illocutionary act
is the action intended to be performed by a speaker in uttering a
linguistic expression. Austin (962, in Mey 2009:002).
6
8.
Perlocutionary act is the effect of the utterance on the listener. So,
perlocutionary act is bringing the consequences or effect on the
audience through linguistics expression. Austin (962, in Mey
2009:002).
7
N NLYSIS ON SPEECH CT USED BY THE MIN CHRCTER IN
“JUSTIN CHDWICK MNDEL LONG WLK TO FREEDOM” MOVIE
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
BY:
SURYO HNDOKO
201310100312206
ENGLISH DEPRTMENT
FCULTY OF TECHER TRINING ND EDUCTION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHMMDIYH MLNG
MY 2015
MOTTO ND DEDICTION
staghfirullah for the past
lhamdulillah for the present
Insyaallah for the future
(Suryo)
DEDICTION:
I dedicated this thesis to:
My beloved parents, father and mother.
My beloved wife, Megananda.
TBLE OF CONTENTS
PROVL ............................................................................................................. ii
LEGLIZTION................................................................................................. iii
MOTTO & DEDICTION ................................................................................ iv
BSTRCT ........................................................................................................... v
CKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. vi
TBLE OF CONTENTS .....................................................................................vii
CHPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study................................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of Problem .................................................................................. 4
1.3 Purpose of Study ........................................................................................ 4
1.4 Significance of Study ................................................................................ . 5
1.5 Scope and Limitation .................................................................................. 5
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ............................................................................ 6
CHPTER II: REVIEW OF RELTED LITERTURE
2.1 Literature .................................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Definition of Literature……………………………………………........ 8
2.1.2 Types of Literature…………………………………………………....... 8
2.2 Movie ......................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Types of Movie ..................................................................................... 10
2.3 Pragmatics ................................................................................................ 13
2.4 Speech ct................................................................................................ 14
2.4.1 Locutionary ct................................................................................... 15
2.4.2 Illocutionary ct................………………………………………….. 16
2.4.3 Perlocutionary ct .............................……………………………….. 20
2.5 Meaning …………………………………….......................................... 21
2.5.1 Contextual Meaning ............................................................................ 21
2.6 Mandela Long Walk to Freedom movie ................................................. 22
CHPTER III: RESERCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design ..................................................................................... 24
3.2 Object of the Study................................................................................. 25
3.3 Research Instrument ............................................................................... 25
3.4 pproach ................................................................................................ 26
3.5 Data Collection....................................................................................... 27
3.6 Data nalysis ......................................................................................... 28
CHPTER IV: FINDINGS ND DISCUSSION
4.1 Research Findings .................................................................................. 29
4.1.1 Kinds and Contextual Meaning of Speech ct ................................... 29
4.2 Discussion.............................................................................................. 32
4.2.1 Kinds of Speech ct........................................................................... 33
4.2.2 Contextual Meaning of Speech ct.................................................... 34
CHPTER V: CONCLUSION ND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 35
5.2 Suggestions ............................................................................................ 35
PPENDIX
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
brams, M.H., and Harpham, G.G. 2009. Glossary of Literary Terms Ninth Edition.
Boston: Waldsworth Cengage Learning
kmajian, ., Demers, R.., Farmer, .K., and Harnish, R.M. 2010. Linguistics: n
Introduction to Language and Communication Sixth Edition. Massachusetts:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.
ry, Donald. 2002. n Introduction to Research in Education Sixth Edition.
Belmonth:Wadsworth
ry, D., Jacobs, L.C., Sorensen, C., and Razavieh, . 2010. Introduction to Research in
Education Eight Edition. Belmonth: Wadsworth.
Chaer, bdul. 2007. Linguistik Umum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Creswell, John.W. 2011. Educational Research. Planning, Conducting, Evaluating
Quantitative and Qualitative Research Fourth Edition. Boston: Pearson
Education, Inc.
Cruse, llan. 2006. Glossary of Sematics and Pragmatics. Edinburg: Edinburg
University Press.
Dewi, Mayrita. P. 2014. Technical Terms of Slang Found in Wild Child Movie by Nick
Moore. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dirks. Tom. 2010. www.filmsite.org/genres.html. ccessed on May 18, 2015.
Finegan, Edward. 2007. Language Its Structure and Use Fifth Edition. Boston: Thomson
Wadsworth.
Flick, Uwe. 2009. n Introductionto Qualitative Research Design Fourth Edition.
London:Sage Publications.
Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., and Hyams, N. 2013. n Introduction to Language Tenth
Edtion. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Given, Lisa. M. 2008. The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods Volumes
1&2. California: Sage Publication, Inc
Griffiths, Patrick. 2006. n Introduction to English Semantics and Pragmatics.
Edinburg: Edinburg University Press.
Iwuchukwu, Onyeka. 2008. Elements of Drama. Lagos: National Open University of
Nigeria.
Johnson, B and Christensen, L. 2010. Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative,
and Mixed pproaches Fourth Edition. California: Sage Publications, Inc.
Marczyk, G., Dematteo, D., and Festinger, D. 2005. Essentials of Research Design and
Methodology. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Mey, Jacob. L. 2001. Pragmatics: n Introduction Second Edition. London: Blackwell
Publishing.
Mey, Jacob. L. 2009. Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics Second Edition. Oxford:
Elsevier Ltd.
Nugrahini, Widyatantri. 2014. Illocutionary ct Used by Sherlock Holmes in Game of
Shadows Movie. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah
Malang.
Pateda, Mansoer. 2001. Semantik Leksikal. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Risdianto, Faizal. 2011. Introduction to Literature. Yogyakarta: Trust Media Publishing.
Trask, Robert. L. 1999. Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics. New York:
Routledge.
Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2006. n Introduction to Sociolinguistics Fifth Edition.
Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing.
Yule, George. 2010. The Study of Language Fourth Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Zainun, Marfua. 2013. n nalysis of Speech ct Used by Puss in a “Puss Bootsa” Film
by Chriss Miller. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah
Malang
INTRODUTION
This chapter contains background of the study, statement of problem,
purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and
definition of key term. Each section is presented as follows:
1.1 Background of the Study
Language is a dominant part of communication. Everyday, people interact
with others using a language. It has significant role in our life. In communication,
people use a language as tool to communicate. They can share about feeling,
thought, and idea by communication. To communicate, people use language
orally and also by gestures. A succesfull comunication can be done, if the speaker
and listener are able to understand about feeling, thought, and idea each other.
Language is also identified as a representation of action.
When people communicate with others, people produce utterances as type
of action which is called speech act. Acccording to Yule (200:33) speech act is
the action performed by speaker with an utterance. It means that people can do
many things through language such as ordering, requesting, apologizing,
asserting, commanding and thanking. According to Finegan (2007:283) actions
that are carried out through language are called speech acts. Speaking language
means uttering speech act such as requesting, commanding and thanking.
Generaly, speech act is the act of communication. To communicate is to represent
a certain attitude and the type of speech act being performed corresponds to the
type of attitude being expressed. According to Griffiths (2006:48) speech act can
be done in writing, not only in speaking.
Speech act can be found in whole activities of human life. Austin (962, in
Mey 2009:003) stated that speech act can be classified into three fascets. Firstly,
locutionary act. It is a production of a meaningful linguistic expression. Secondly,
illocutionary act. It is the action intended to be performed by a speaker in uttering
a linguistic expression. Thirdly, perlocutionary act. It is bringing the
consequences or effect on the audience through linguistics expression.
In
addition,
Wardhaugh
(2006:287)
identifies
classification
of
illocutionary act into five categories, namely : assertives, directives, commissives,
expressives, and declaratives. The first one is assertives. Assertives is a kind of
speech act which commit the hearer to the truth of proposition. The second one is
directives. Directives is type of speech act which gets the hearer to believe state
what speaker believe in a such a way as to make his or her behavior match the
propositional content of the directive. The third one is commissives. Commisives
is a type of speech acts which commit the speaker to undertake a course of action
represent in the propositional content. The fourth one is expressives. Expressives
is a type of speech which expresses the sincerity conditions of the speech act. The
last one is declaratives. Declaratives is a type of speech act which bring about a
change in the world by representing it as having changed.
Based on the explanation, movie is choosen as one kind of literary works
that is interesting to analyze. Moreover, the field of speech act can be found in
movie. Beside, it represents a story about human activites. When watching a
2
movie, people will not only get entertainment or education but will also find
exploration of human personality, problems, and feelings. Besides, movie shows
people how to survive on one conviction of life.
Therefore the writer chooses “Mandela Long Walk to Freedom” movie.
The movie is based on an autobiographical book Long Walk to Freedom in 995.
The movie is based on the reality that happened in South Africa. This movie tells
about friendship, love, and struggle of Mandela as a South African who struggles
against post apartheid in their country. He led his friends to force again white
domination and fight against discrimination to black people. He dedicated his life
to freedom for African. He spent 27 years in prison for his activity against
apartheid, because he wants equal opportunity to all african people. Finally, he
was choosen as a president on first election in South Africa and he declared the
independent of South Africa nation.
The dialogue in this movie is very interesting to be analyzed because this
movie contains Mandela as a president speech act. When people speak to others, it
means that he or she does an act through utterances. The language in “Mandela
Long Walk to Freedom” movie represents speech acts which are commonly used
by Mandela as a main character to express his feeling, thought, and idea. The
main characters in this movie often produce utterance which can illustrate the
situation such as when they are angry, confused, happy, and sad. Mandela gave
inspiration for South African related with his struggle for South Africa freedom
from post apartheid regime. He was a symbol for freedom and humanity. Based
3
on the explanation, this study attempts to analyze Mandela on his president speech
act type and find out the contextual meaning from Mandela speech act.
Other researchers have researched on speech act. Firstly, Nugrahini (204)
studied speech act under tittle “Illocutionary Act Used by Sherlock Holmes in A
Game of Shadowsa Movie”, and the result showed that declarative, interogative,
and imperative were the sentences types used by the main character in A Game of
Shadowsa movie. Secondly, Zainun (203) who also studied speech acts under the
tittle “An Analysis of Speech Act Used by Puss in a “Puss Bootsa” Film by Chriss
Miller and based on the result, there were 22 speech act utterances used by Puss
in a “Puss Bootsa” Film by Chriss Miller.
Therefore, the writer chooses “Mandela long Walk to Freedom” movie as
an object of this study. In this study the writer focuses on how the main character
of “Mandela Long Walk to Freedom” movie produces speech acts in the
dialogues.
1.2 Statement of Problem
The problems of this study are elaborated as follows:
. What are kinds of speech act used by the main character of “Mandela
Long to Freedom” movie?
2. What are contextual meanings of speech act used by the main character of
“Mandela Long Walk to Freedom” movie?
1.3 Purpose of The Study
By conducting this study, the purposes of this study are presented as follow:
4
. To explain the kind of speech acts used by main character of “Mandela
Long Walk to Freedom” movie.
2. To find out the contextual meaning of speech act used by main character
of “Mandela Long Walk to Freedom” movie
1.4 Significance of The Study
Practically, the findings of this research were expected to give valuable
inputs for some parts:
Firstly, English department lecturers. It is expected to be able to help
English department lecturers in giving knowledge on speech act.
Secondly, English department students. It is expected to give contribution
to English department students to understand well on pragmatics, especially on
speech act.
Thirdly, for the next researchers. The result of this research can be used as
a reference and hopefully give valuable information and deeply understanding to
develop their research in the future.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
This analysis focused on “Long Walk to Freedom” movie. From this
movie, there are a lot of topics which can be analyzed, but this analysis focused
on the speech act used by the main character as the scope of the analysis. For the
limitation, it is limited on the kinds of speech act and the contextual meaning of
speech act used by the main character.
5
1.6 Definition of Key Term
The definition of key terms in this research is aimed at avoiding
misunderstanding of the terms which exist in the research. The terms that are
necessary to be defined are as follows:
.
nalysis is trying to examine all parts of work in relation to the whole,
select for examination one aspect or element or part that relates to the
whole.
2.
Speech ct is a action that represent within a language.
So, speech act is the action performed by a speaker with an utterance
(Yule, 200:33).
3.
Nelson Mandela is a one of the main characters of “Long Walk to
Freedom” movie.
4.
Justin Chadwick is a director of “Mandela Long Walk to Freedom”
movie.
5.
“Mandela Long Walk to Freedom” movie is a movie directed by Anant
Singh in 203 which tells about a South African person who struggles
against discrimination and domination of white people in South Africa.
6.
Locutionary act is a message that we deliver in communication. So,
locutionary act is a production of a meaningful linguistic expression.
Austin (962, in Mey 2009:002).
7.
Illocutionary act is a what we intend by saying it. So, illocutionary act
is the action intended to be performed by a speaker in uttering a
linguistic expression. Austin (962, in Mey 2009:002).
6
8.
Perlocutionary act is the effect of the utterance on the listener. So,
perlocutionary act is bringing the consequences or effect on the
audience through linguistics expression. Austin (962, in Mey
2009:002).
7
N NLYSIS ON SPEECH CT USED BY THE MIN CHRCTER IN
“JUSTIN CHDWICK MNDEL LONG WLK TO FREEDOM” MOVIE
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
BY:
SURYO HNDOKO
201310100312206
ENGLISH DEPRTMENT
FCULTY OF TECHER TRINING ND EDUCTION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHMMDIYH MLNG
MY 2015
MOTTO ND DEDICTION
staghfirullah for the past
lhamdulillah for the present
Insyaallah for the future
(Suryo)
DEDICTION:
I dedicated this thesis to:
My beloved parents, father and mother.
My beloved wife, Megananda.
TBLE OF CONTENTS
PROVL ............................................................................................................. ii
LEGLIZTION................................................................................................. iii
MOTTO & DEDICTION ................................................................................ iv
BSTRCT ........................................................................................................... v
CKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. vi
TBLE OF CONTENTS .....................................................................................vii
CHPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study................................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of Problem .................................................................................. 4
1.3 Purpose of Study ........................................................................................ 4
1.4 Significance of Study ................................................................................ . 5
1.5 Scope and Limitation .................................................................................. 5
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ............................................................................ 6
CHPTER II: REVIEW OF RELTED LITERTURE
2.1 Literature .................................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Definition of Literature……………………………………………........ 8
2.1.2 Types of Literature…………………………………………………....... 8
2.2 Movie ......................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Types of Movie ..................................................................................... 10
2.3 Pragmatics ................................................................................................ 13
2.4 Speech ct................................................................................................ 14
2.4.1 Locutionary ct................................................................................... 15
2.4.2 Illocutionary ct................………………………………………….. 16
2.4.3 Perlocutionary ct .............................……………………………….. 20
2.5 Meaning …………………………………….......................................... 21
2.5.1 Contextual Meaning ............................................................................ 21
2.6 Mandela Long Walk to Freedom movie ................................................. 22
CHPTER III: RESERCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design ..................................................................................... 24
3.2 Object of the Study................................................................................. 25
3.3 Research Instrument ............................................................................... 25
3.4 pproach ................................................................................................ 26
3.5 Data Collection....................................................................................... 27
3.6 Data nalysis ......................................................................................... 28
CHPTER IV: FINDINGS ND DISCUSSION
4.1 Research Findings .................................................................................. 29
4.1.1 Kinds and Contextual Meaning of Speech ct ................................... 29
4.2 Discussion.............................................................................................. 32
4.2.1 Kinds of Speech ct........................................................................... 33
4.2.2 Contextual Meaning of Speech ct.................................................... 34
CHPTER V: CONCLUSION ND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 35
5.2 Suggestions ............................................................................................ 35
PPENDIX
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
brams, M.H., and Harpham, G.G. 2009. Glossary of Literary Terms Ninth Edition.
Boston: Waldsworth Cengage Learning
kmajian, ., Demers, R.., Farmer, .K., and Harnish, R.M. 2010. Linguistics: n
Introduction to Language and Communication Sixth Edition. Massachusetts:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.
ry, Donald. 2002. n Introduction to Research in Education Sixth Edition.
Belmonth:Wadsworth
ry, D., Jacobs, L.C., Sorensen, C., and Razavieh, . 2010. Introduction to Research in
Education Eight Edition. Belmonth: Wadsworth.
Chaer, bdul. 2007. Linguistik Umum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Creswell, John.W. 2011. Educational Research. Planning, Conducting, Evaluating
Quantitative and Qualitative Research Fourth Edition. Boston: Pearson
Education, Inc.
Cruse, llan. 2006. Glossary of Sematics and Pragmatics. Edinburg: Edinburg
University Press.
Dewi, Mayrita. P. 2014. Technical Terms of Slang Found in Wild Child Movie by Nick
Moore. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dirks. Tom. 2010. www.filmsite.org/genres.html. ccessed on May 18, 2015.
Finegan, Edward. 2007. Language Its Structure and Use Fifth Edition. Boston: Thomson
Wadsworth.
Flick, Uwe. 2009. n Introductionto Qualitative Research Design Fourth Edition.
London:Sage Publications.
Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., and Hyams, N. 2013. n Introduction to Language Tenth
Edtion. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Given, Lisa. M. 2008. The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods Volumes
1&2. California: Sage Publication, Inc
Griffiths, Patrick. 2006. n Introduction to English Semantics and Pragmatics.
Edinburg: Edinburg University Press.
Iwuchukwu, Onyeka. 2008. Elements of Drama. Lagos: National Open University of
Nigeria.
Johnson, B and Christensen, L. 2010. Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative,
and Mixed pproaches Fourth Edition. California: Sage Publications, Inc.
Marczyk, G., Dematteo, D., and Festinger, D. 2005. Essentials of Research Design and
Methodology. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Mey, Jacob. L. 2001. Pragmatics: n Introduction Second Edition. London: Blackwell
Publishing.
Mey, Jacob. L. 2009. Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics Second Edition. Oxford:
Elsevier Ltd.
Nugrahini, Widyatantri. 2014. Illocutionary ct Used by Sherlock Holmes in Game of
Shadows Movie. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah
Malang.
Pateda, Mansoer. 2001. Semantik Leksikal. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Risdianto, Faizal. 2011. Introduction to Literature. Yogyakarta: Trust Media Publishing.
Trask, Robert. L. 1999. Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics. New York:
Routledge.
Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2006. n Introduction to Sociolinguistics Fifth Edition.
Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing.
Yule, George. 2010. The Study of Language Fourth Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Zainun, Marfua. 2013. n nalysis of Speech ct Used by Puss in a “Puss Bootsa” Film
by Chriss Miller. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah
Malang