WOMEN’S SPEECH FEATURES USED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER IN “LUCY” LUC BESSON’S MOVIE.

WOMEN’S SPEECH FEATURES USED BY THE MAIN

CHARACTER IN

“LUCY”

LUC BESSON’S MOVIE

THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Letters and Humanities State Islamic

University SunanAmpel Surabaya

By:

Siti Maulidatur Rohmania Reg. Number A33212089

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA

2016

WOMEN’S SPEECH FEATURES USED BY THE MAIN

CHARACTER IN

“LUCY”

LUC BESSON’S

MOVIE

THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Letters and Humanities State Islamic

University SunanAmpel Surabaya

By:

Siti Maulidatur Rohmania

Reg. Number A33212089

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA

ABSTRACT

Rohmania, Siti Maulidatur.2016. Women’s Speech Features Used by The Main Character in “Lucy”Luc Besson’s Movie. Thesis. English Department, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Advisor : Endratno Pilih Swasono, M.Pd.

Key words : Women Language, Women’s Speech Features, Movie

This research was intended to analyze women’s speech features used by the main characters in “Lucy” Luc Besson’sMovie. Women’s speech features are features that specifically indicate the characteristic of women’s language and show the differences of language usage between men and women. Because the main character in this movie are female, the writer decided to analyze the use of women’s speech features by the main characters in “Lucy” movie and the type of women’s speech features which occurs most frequently by the main characters in this movie.

This research was conducted using descriptive method. The data were taken from the scripts that are the words, phrases, clauses, and sentences that used by the main characters of the movie. Then the data were analyzed by identifying and classifying the ten types of women’s speech features defined by Lakoff. The results show that not all types of women’s speech features occur in the dialogues. There are only six types of women’s speech features used by the main characters of this movie. They are intensifier, hypercorrect grammar, lexical hedges or fillers, super polite forms, rising intonation and avoidance of strong swear word. There are four types which did not found in the dialogues is tag question, empty adjective, precise colour terms and emphatic stress. Moreover, women’s speech features which occurs most frequently by the main characters of this movie are intensifier.

INTISARI

Rohmania, Siti Maulidatur. 2016. Women’s Speech Features Used By The Main Character In “Lucy” Luc Besson’s Movie. Skripsi. Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Bahasa dan Sastra, UIN Sunan Ampel, Surabaya.

Pembimbing : Endratno Pilih Swasono, M.Pd.

Kata kunci : Bahasa Perempuan, Fitur Bahasa Perempuan, Film

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk meneliti ciri-ciri berbicara wanita yang digunakan oleh pemeran utama dalam “Lucy”Luc Besson’sMovie. Ciri-ciri berbicara wanita adalah ciri-ciri yang secara rinci menunjukkan karakteristik bahasa wanita dan menunjukkan perbedaan penggunaan bahasa antara pria dan wanita. Karena pemeran utama pada movie ini adalah perempuan, penulis memutuskan untuk meneliti penggunaan ciri-ciri berbicara wanita oleh pemeran utama dalam “Lucy” movie dan tipe dari ciri-ciri bahasa wanita yang paling sering digunakan oleh pemeran utama pada movie ini.

Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode descriptive. Data diambil dari skrip yaitu kata, frase, klausa, dan kalimat yang digunakan oleh pemeran utama pada movie. Kemudian data diteliti dengan mengidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasikan sepuluh tipe dari ciri-ciri berbicara wanita yang telah ditetapkan oleh Lakoff. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua ciri-ciri berbicara wanita terjadi dalam dialog. Hanya ada Enam tipe dari ciri-ciri berbicara wanita yang telah digunakan oleh pemeran utama pada movie ini. Ciri-ciri tersebut adalah intensifier, hypercorrect grammar, lexical hedges or fillers, super polite forms, rising intonation and avoidance of strong swear word. Ada empat tipe yang tidak ditemukan dalam percakapannya yaitu tag question, empty adjective, precise colour terms and emphatic stress. Selain itu, ciri-ciri berbicara wanita yang paling sering digunakan oleh pemeran utama pada movie ini adalah intensifier.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Inside Cover Page ... i

Inside Title Page ... ii

Declaration Page ... iii

Motto ... iv

Dedication Page ... v

Thesis Advisor’s Approval Page ... vi

Thesis Examiner’s Approval Page ... vii

Acknowledgements ... viii

Table of Contents ... x

Abstract ... xiii

Intisari ... xiv

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Study ... 1

1.2 Statement of Problem ... 4

1.3 Objectives of The Study ... 4

1.4 Significances of The Study ... 4

1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 5

1.6 Definition of Key Terms ... 5

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theoritical Framework ... 7

2.1.1 Women Language ... 7

2.1.2 Women’s Speech Features ... 8

2.1.2.1 Lexical Hedges ... 9

2.1.2.2 Tag Questions ... 9

2.1.2.4Empty Adjective ... 11

2.1.2.5Percise Color Term ... 13

2.1.2.6Intensifier ... 13

2.1.2.7 Hypercorrect Grammar ... 14

2.1.2.8 Superpolite Form ... 14

2.1.2.9 Avoidance of Strong Swear Word ... 16

2.1.2.10 Emphatic Stress ... 16

2.2 Previous Study ... 18

CHAPTER 3 METHOD OF THE STUDY 3.1 Research Approach ... 21

3.2 Technique of Data collection... 21

3.2.1 Source of Data... 21

3.2.2 Instrument ... 22

3.2.2 Technique of Collecting Data ... 22

3.3 Technique of Data Analysis ... 23

CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Types of Women’s Speech Features ... 25

4.1.1 Lexical Hedges or Filler ... 26

4.1.2 Tag Question ... 31

4.1.3Rising Intonation on Declaratives ... 32

4.1.4Empty Adjectives ... 33

4.1.5 Precise Color Terms ... 33

4.1.6 Intensifier ... 33

4.1.7 Hypercorrect Grammar ... 42

4.1.8 Superpolite Forms ... 49

4.1.9 Avoidance of Strong Swear Words ... 51

4.1.10 Emphatic Stress ... 52

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion ... 56 5.2 Suggestion ... 57

REFERENCES ... 58 APPENDIX

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of problems, objective of study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and the definition of key terms.

1.1Background of the study

Women’s speech features are several aspects of speech difference between women and men which indicate the characteristic of women’s speech. According to Holmes in An Introducing to Sociolinguistic (1992: 164), “Women and men do not speak in exactly the same way as each other in any community”. The linguistic forms used by women and men contrast to different degrees in all speech. Between men and women have their own characteristic and behavior in the society, so it can make them become different in some aspects, especially in the way they use language in their communication. There are some differences between man and woman speech, for example, when men talked to men, the content categories of such talk focused on competition and teasing, sports, aggression, and doing things. On the other hand, when women talked to women, the equivalent categories were the self, feelings, their relation with other, home, and family. And also, when women talked to men, the content categories such as hobby, music, film, and game.

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Some Linguists have suggested that women use more standard speech from than man. Descriptions that women’s speech display more variety in intonation than men’s, women use euphemisms more than men, women make more use of expressive adjectives, use intonation indicating uncertainly, more indirect and polite, better grammar and fewer colloqualism, and tend to be collaborative rather than competitive, are among the most often cited differences between the two varieties (Jendra, 2010:52). Lakoff provides a list of ten women’s speech was characterized by linguistic features, such as lexical hedges or fillers,

tag questions, rising intonation on declaratives, ‘empty’ adjectives, precise colour terms, intensifiers, ‘hypercorrect’ grammar, ‘superpolite’ forms, avoidance of strong swear words, and emphatic stress (as cited in Holmes, 1992:314). One of the way to know about women’s speech is by watching movie where the main character of the movie is a woman who has special character or special utterance in her speech. Then, it can be found some women’s speech features that used by the character.

The main reason why the writer has chosen this movie because of its language, such as the dictions and some utterances which give more data to be analyzed using theory of women’s speech features. The reader will more realize that studying about women’s speech features is very important to get more understanding in relation with language.

The writer focuses on a study of women’s speech features based on Lakoff’s theory which used by the main character in “Lucy” movie as the object of the study because the writer analyze about human speech features and this

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theory was suitable for this. It was produced by Virginie Silla and distributed by Universal Pictures. The film was shot in Taipe, Paris and New York City. The artist Scarlett Johansson, Morgan Freeman, Amr Waked and Choi Min-sik. This movie released on July 25, 2014. (http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_(2014-_film).

This movie tells about a women who lives in Taipe, the kidnap and the use by a gangster to smuggle drugs and medicines. The smuggelrs using the body of Lucy as a middleman. Even though, drugs that planting in the body of Lucy turn out leaking and reacting with the DNA system. Instantaneous, Lucy felt something was not right and she can feel all the things that exist around her. She can absorb ability someone, can move object with mind and can’t feel the pain as well as some ability to others who don’t have normal human.

The writer decides to take the dialogues in “Lucy” movie as the part of her study because the main characters of this movie is a woman, she is Lucy. The writer assumes that the female characters will certainly use the linguistic features defined by Robin Lakoff. Therefore, by choosing the dialogues of the movie which have been known by a lot of people, it can make the reader will be interesting to read and attract curiocity about women’s speech features. The types of women’s speech features are claimed to be used more often by women than men in both communication. In the way they speak also different, women usually use polite forms and compliments more than men.

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1.2Statement of problems

Based on the background of the study above, the study conducted to find out the answer of some problems in relation with the discussion above, as follows: 1.2.1. What types of women’s speech features are used by the main characters

in “Lucy”Luc Besson’smovie?

1.2.2. Which type of women’s speech features used by the main character in “Lucy”Luc Besson’smovie occurs most frequently?

1.3Objective

Regarding to the problems of statement above, the objectives of this study are:

1.3.1. To know the types of women’s speech features used by the main characters in “Lucy” Luc Besson’smovie.

1.3.2. To know the type of women’s speech features which occurs most frequently by the main character in “ Lucy”Luc Besson’smovie.

1.4Significance

The significance of this study is expected to give more information and add the knowledge to the reader about women’s speech features. The writer hope that the reader can identify and learn about women’s speech features easily through an interesting object. The writer hope that this study can become a reference for linguistic students to learn more about women’s speech features and hoped to be able to give contribution and foundation for future research who are

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interested in women’s speech features to be analyzed deeper. In addition, they can learn about how women’s speech features are used in women’s speech in order to know their speech characteristic through the movie script. Meanwhile practically, reader can notice and practice women’s speech features in daily conversation. This research hopefully can help the readers to conduct the research about this movie with another aspect in different field.

1.5Scope and Limitation

The scope of this study is concerned with ten types of features of women’s language according to Lakoff. They are lexical hedges or fillers, tag questions, rising intonation on declaratives, ‘empty’ adjectives, precise colour terms, intensifiers, ‘hypercorrect’ grammar, ‘superpolite’ forms, avoidance of strong swear words, and emphatic stress. This study is limited in the use of utterances made by the main character in the “Lucy” movie because the writer analyze about human speech features and this theory was suitable for this.

1.6Definition of Key Term

To avoid misunderstanding, some key terms used in this study are defined:

1.6.1. Main character is an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play in film or story).

1.6.2. Women’s speech features are features of speech that commonly uttered by women than by men in the way they are speaking. Lakoff provides a list of ten women’s speech was characterized by linguistic features, such as

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lexical hedges or fillers, tag questions, rising intonation on declaratives,

‘empty’ adjectives, precise colour terms, intensifiers, ‘hypercorrect’ grammar, ‘superpolite’ forms, avoidance of strong swear words, and

emphatic stress (as cited in Holmes, 2001:314).

1.6.3. Women’s language: a language that signifies the characteristics of women such as avoiding direct and forceful statements, and relying on conforms that conveys hesitation and uncertainty.

1.6.4. Lucy is title and main characer in a 2014 English-language French science fiction action film. This movie was written and directed by Luc Besson and producted by his wife Virginie Silla for his company Europacorp. The film was shot in Taipe, Paris and New York City. It stars Scarlett Johansson, Morgan Freeman, Amr Waked and Choi Min-sik. The film was released on July 25, 2014, and became a box office success, grossing over $458 million against a budget of $40 million. It won the 2014 Saturn Award for Best Action and various other awards. (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_(2014_film)

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

In this chapter, the writer will be present the theories and references that are related to analysis. They are women’s language, women’s speech features, and previous study.

2.1 Theoretical Framework 2.1.1 Women’s Language

Language is sometimes believed to be varied in accordance with gender, namely men’s language and women’s language variety (Jendra, 2010:51). Women’s language has become fondation the attitude that women are weakness. The weakness and powerlessness of women is reflected in both the ways women are expected to speak, and the ways in which women speak. In appropriate women’s speech, strong expression of feeling is avoided, expression of uncertainty is favored, and means of expression in regard to subject-matter deemed ‘trivial’ to the ‘real’ world are elaborated (Lakoff, 1973:45).

Robin Tolmach Lakoff has a professor of linguistics at the University of California at Berkeley since 1972. She is the first linguist who began the research for definitive features of women’s language. She introduced the terms women’s language in 1973 article in Language and society, and made it the title of a 1978 book chapter. Her 1975’s book Language and Woman’s Place has been

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enormously influential and cited by a lot of linguistics who study the search of sex in language use for the next two decades. As cited in Cuellar (2006), during the last three decades, Lakoff’s ideas have been appraised, discussed, disputed, accepted and/or rejected.

According to Ceullar (2006), Robin Lakoff’s seminal book Language and Women’s Place (1975) opened a new start in linguistic studies when she called the attention to a traditionally forgotten issue: the differences in language used by men and women. Lakoff’s work was portrayed a clear situation of inequality in society and how it was reinforced by the use of language by men and women. Moreover, Lakoff underlines that linguistic features typical of women’s language are general tendencies and correspond to spoken, not written language.

Lakoff’s writing has become the basis for many researchers who conduct the research about women’s language as subject. She published ten basic assumptions about what she felt as special women’s language in 1975.

2.1.2 Women’s Speech Features

Lakoff suggested that a distinct group of feature-lexical, syntactic, and pragmatic-distinguish the speech of women by using intropection and linguistic intuition as her method. Below are the types of features of women’s language based on Lakoff’s theory as cited in several sources.

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2.1.2.1Lexical Hedges Fillers

Lakoff decided hedging as one of characteristic of features of women’s language. She refers to the frequent use of such as well, you see, like, you know, sort a/sort of, kind a/kind of, I think, I guess and It seems like. For example :

a. It’s sort of a good film

Lakoff (cited in Holmes, 1992:316) claimed that hedging devices explicity signal lack of confidence. So, she claimed women use hedging devices to express uncertainty, and they use intensifying device to persuade their to take them seriously.

2.1.2.2Tag Question

The tag question is a syntactic device listed by Lakoff which may express uncertainty (Holmes, 1992:318). We find that syntactically too women’s speech is peculiar. There is no syntactic rule in English that only women may use. But there is at least one rule that a women will use in more conversational situations than a man. This is the rule of tag question formation (Lakoff, 1973:53). A tag question, being intermediate between these, is used when the speaker is stating a claim, but lacks full confidence in the truth of the claim. For example if she says:

a. John is here, isn’t he?

Woman will probably not be surprised if her respondent answer ‘no’, but if she says:

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Based on that question, one of the chances that she is already biased in favor of positive answer, wanting only confirmation by the addresssee. She still want a response from her addressee, as she do with a yes-no question; but she has enough knowledge to predict that response, much as a declarative statement without assumption that the statement is to be believed by the addressee leeway, not forcing the addressee to go along with the views of the speaker.

2.1.2.3Rising Intonation on Declaratives

Related to this special use of a syntactic rule is a widespread difference perceptible in women’s intonational patterns. Lakoff (1973:55) said that there is a peculiar sentence intonation-pattern found in English only among women, which has the form of declarative answer to a question, but has the rising inflection typical of yes-no question, as well as being especially hesitent.

A. When will dinner be ready? B. Oh ... around six o’clock?

It is as though (B) were saying, ‘Six o’clock, if that’s OK with you, if you agree’. Example (A) is put in the position of having to provide confirmation, and (B) sounds unsure. Here we find unwillingness to assert an opinion carried to an extreme. One likely consequence is that these sorts of speech-patterns are taken to reflect something real about character and play a part in not taking a woman seriously or trusting her with any real responsibilities, since 'she can't make up her mind', and 'isn't sure of herself'. And here again we see that people form judgments about other people on the basis of superficial linguistic

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behavior that may have nothing to do with inner character, but has been imposed upon the speaker, on pain of worse punishment than not being taken seriously.

Lakoff (1973:56) Such features are probably part of the general fact that women's speech sounds much more 'polite' than men's. One aspect of politeness is as we have just described: leaving a decision open, not imposing your mind, or views, or claims, on anyone else.

2.1.2.4Empty Adjectives

Similar sorts of disparities exist elsewhere in the vocabulary. For instance, a group of adjectives which have, besides their specific and literal meanings, another use, that of indicating the speaker’s approbation or admiration for something. Some of these adjectives are neutral as to sex of speaker, either men or women may use them. But another set seems, in its figurative use, to be largely confined to women’s speech. This kind of adjectives called ‘empty’ adjectives, which means that those only convey an emotional reaction rather than specific information. Representative lists of both types are below:

Neutral Women Only

Great adorable

Terrific charming

Cool sweet

Neat lovely

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In Lakoff’s opinion (cited in Cameron, 1990:226-227), if a man uses the women’s adjectives, the word women’s adjectives will damage his reputation. On the other hand, a women may freely use the neutral words. However, a women’s use of women’s words’ is without risks. Where a woman has a choice between the neutral words and the women’s words, as man has not, she may be suggesting very diffrent things about her own personality and her view of the subject matter by her choice of words of the neutral words or words of the women’s words. Look at these two sentences:

a. What a terrific idea! b. What a divine idea!

Sentence (a) might be used under any appropriate conditions by a female speaker, but (b) is more restricted. Probably it is used appropriately only in case the speaker feels the idea referred to be essentially unimportant to the world at large – only an amusement for the speaker herself. In other words, the use of neutral word is more appropriate for formal situations, while the use of women’s words is only used in non-formal situations.

Lakoff (1973:53), said that These words aren't, basically, 'feminine'; rather, they signal 'uninvolved', or 'out of power'. Any group in a society to which these labels are applicable may presumably use these words; they are often considered 'feminine', 'unmasculine', because women are the 'uninvolved', 'out of power.

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2.1.2.5Precise Color Terms

Lakoff (cited in Wardhaugh, 2006:318) claims that women use color words like mauve, beige, aquamarine, lavender, and magentabut most men do not. Fine discrimination of color is relevant for women, but not for men. Men find such discussion amusing because they consider such a question trivial, irrelevant to the real world.

a. The wall is mauve

Women are not expected to make decisions on important matters, like what kind of job to hold they are relegated the non-crucial decisions as a sop. Deciding whether to name a color ‘lavender’ or ‘mauve’ is one such sop. This lexical disparity reflects a social inequity in the position of women. If we want to change this opinion, we should give women the opportunity to participate in the real decision of life (Lakoff, cited in Cameron, 1990:224).

2.1.2.6Intensifier

Intensifier such; so, just, very and quite seem more characteristic of women’s language than of men’s, though it is found in the latter, particularly in the speech of male academics. For example, the following sentences:

a. I feel so unhappy!

b. That movie made me so sick!

Men seem to have the least difficulty using this construction when the sentence is unemotional or non subjective-without reference to the speaker himself:

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c. That sunset is so beautiful! d. Fred is so dumb!

Substituting an equative like so far absolute superlatives (like, very, really) seems to be away of backing out of committing oneself strongly to an oponion. Rather like take question. One might hedge in this way with perfect right in making esthic judgment (as in (c) or intellectual judgements (as in (a)). To hedge in this situation is to seek to avoid, making any strong statement: a characteristic, as we have noted already and shall not further, women’s speech.

2.1.2.7Hypercorrect Grammar

Lakoff (cited in Holmes, 1992:314), stated that hypercorrect grammar is the consistent use of standard verb forms. Lakoff said that hypercorrect grammar involves an avoidance of terms considered vulgar or coarse.

a. ‘g’ in words such as ‘going’ instead of the more casual ‘goin’

2.1.2.8Superpolite Forms

A request may be in the same sense a polite command, in that it does not overtly require obedience, but rather suggests something be done as a favor to the speaker. An overt order (as in an imperative) expresses the (often-impolite) assumption of the speaker’s superior position to the addressee, carrying with it the right to enforce compliance, whereas with a request the decision on the face of it is left up to the addressee. The same is true of suggestions. Here, the implication is not that the addressee is in danger if he does not comply,

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merelythat he will be glad if he does. Once again, the decision is up to the addressee, and a suggestion therefore is politer than an order.

a. Close the door b. Please close the door c. Will you close the door? d. Will you please close the door? e. Won’t you close the door?

A sentence like won’t you please close the door would then count as a doubly compound request. A sentence like (c) is close in sense to ‘Are you willing to close the door?’ According to the normal rules of polite conversation, to agree that you are willing is to agree to do the thing asked of you. Therefore this apparent inquiry functions as a request, leaving the decision up to the willingness of the addressee. Phrasing it as a positive question make the (implisit) assumption that a ‘yes’ answer will be forthcoming. Sentence (d) is more polite than (b) or (c) because it combines them: Please indicating that to accede will be to do something for the speaker, and will you, as noted, suggesting that the addressee has the final decision. If the question is phrased with a negative, as in (e), the speaker seems to suggest the stronger likelihood of a negative response from the addressee. Since the assumption is then that the addressee is that much freer to refuse, (e) acts as a more polite request than (c) or (d): (c) and (d) put the burden of refusal on the addressee, as (e) does not.

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2.1.2.9Avoidance of Strong Swear Words

Lakoff (1973:50) found that the speech of women and that of men in the use of particles that grammarians often describe as ‘meaningless’. There may be no referent for them, but they are far from meaningless: they define the social context of an utterance, indicate the relationship the speaker feels between himself and his addressee, between himself and what he is talking about. For example, the following sentences:

a. Oh dear, you’ve put the peanut butter in the refrigerator again. b. Shit, you’ve put thr peanut butter in the refrigerator again.

It is safe to predict that people would classify the first sentence as part of ‘women’s language’, the second as ‘men’s language’. Women usually use softer forms such us ‘Oh, Dear!’, while the men use stronger ones such as ‘Dammit!’ or ‘Shit!’. It is interesting, by the way, to note that men’s language is increasingly being used by women, but women’s language is not being adopted by men, apart from those who reject the American masculine image (e.g. homosexuals).

2.1.2.10Emphatic Stress

Women tend to use words which to emphasize the utterance or strengthen the meaning of an utterance.

a. It was a brilliant performance

The word brilliant is one of the examples of an emphatic stress. This word can be used to strengthen the meaning of the utterance.

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As cited in Holmes (1992:316), the internal coherence of the linguistic featured Lakoff identified can be illustrated by dividing them into two group. First, there are linguistic devices which may be used for hedging or reducing the force of an utterance. Secondly, there are features which may boost or intensify a proposition’s force. Features which may serve as hedging devices are lexical hedges, tag questions, question intonation, superpolite forms, and euphemisms, while boosting devices are intensifiers and emphatic stress.

Lakoff (cited in Holmes, 1992:316), claimed both kinds of modifiers were evidence of an unconfident speaker. Hedging devices explicity signal lack of confidence, while boosting devices reflect the speaker’s anticipation that the addressee may remain unconvinced and therefore supply extra reassurance. So, she claimed women use hedging devices to express uncertainly, and they use intensifying devices to persuade their addressee to take them seriously. Women boost the force of their utterances because they think that otherwise they will not be heard or paid attention to. So, according to Lakoff, both hedges and boosters reflect women’s lack of confidence.

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2.2 Related Studies

Studies on women’s language have been done by several researchers. First researcher is Dian Rosita (2008) from Airlangga University. She studied about An Analysis of Sex and the City TV Series’s Dialogue Based on Ten Types of Women's Linguistic Features. She analyzes the dialogue of Sex and the City drama TV series. There are six season of Sex and the City. But the researcher is only focuses on Sex and the City episode The Real Me. It used qualitative method. It is conducted to find what types and which types of women’s linguistic features occur most frequently. The results of this study show that not all types of women's linguistic features occur in the dialogues. There are only nine types of women's linguistic features occur in the dialogues, they are lexical hedges or fillers, tag question, rising intonation on declaratives, `empty' adjectives, specialized vocabularies, intensifiers, `superpolite' forms, avoidance of strong swear words, and emphatic stress. One feature which did not occur in the dialogues is `hypercorrect' grammar. This study has proven Lakoff’s theory that women use women’s linguistic features more often than male.

Second researcher is Isni Al-Rofi’ (2014) from State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya. She analyzed about women’s speech features used by the main characters in “The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion , The Witch and The

Wardrobe” Movie. The researcher focus on women’s speech features there are ten types of Women’s speech features, they are lexical hedges or filler, tag question, rising intonation, empty adjective, intensifier, hypercorrect grammar, superpolite form, avoidance of strong swear words, and emphatic stress. The result of this

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research is the researcher concluded that the most frequently used of women’s speech features from all main characters‟ utterances are lexical hedges or filler and intensifier. It is used by all main characters for 26 times each types from 261 utterances and the percentage is 31,3%. These two features are the common features used by all main characters. Once again, based on Lakoff theory, all main characters can be categorized as people who might has a tendency to be lack of self-confidence and has strong feeling about something. The second rank is empty adjective which is used for 11 times, with the percentage 13,3%. The third rank is superpolite form with 10,8%. The next is tag question with 4,8%. Emphatic stress got 3,6%, hypercorrect grammar got 2,4%. The least features are rising intonation and avoidance of strong swear word with 1,2%. Precise color terms do not find in the main characters‟ utterances in this movie. This research used theory of Lakoff, Holmes and Cameron to analyze the data that apply descriptive qualitative method.

Third resercher is Futika Permatasari (2010) from State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. She analyzed about women’s speech features used by the characters of “Sex and The City” movie. She used Lakoff’s theory to find her research problem. This research focuses on analyzing women’s speech features used by thecharacters of Sex and the City movie. Women’s speech features are several typesof speech which reflect uncertainty and lack of confidence as the characteristics ofwomen’s speech. Meanwhile, women’s language is a language that signifies thecharacteristic of women such as avoiding direct and forceful statements, andrelying on conforms that conveys hesitation and

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uncertainty.The purpose of this research is to find out how the characters of Sex and the Cityuse women’s speech features. The design of this research is descriptivequalitative. The result of this research is the researcher found eight types of women’s speech features used in the dialogues, such as lexical hedges or fillers, tag question, rising intonation on declaratives, empty adjectives, intensifiers, superpolite forms, avoidance of strong swear words, and emphatic stress.

Last researcher is Farida Mas Huriyatul Mu’min (2010) from State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. She analyzed about women’s language used by the main character of “Thirteen” movie. She found that there are seven types of women’s linguistic features occur in the dialogues, they are lexical emphatic stress, intensifiers, empty adjective, tag question, super polite form, lexical hedges, and rising intonation. She also found that women’s language that used by the main character is affected by the social and education background. She used Lakoff’s and Holmes theory to answer her research problem.

The present study is different from the previous study. This research analyzed about women’s speech features used by the main characters in “Lucy” Luc Besson’s movie. The writer used an action movie as her corpus of the study. The writer used Lakoff’s theory to answer her research problem. The purpose of her research to find the women’s speech features that used by the main characters in “Lucy” movie and find out the type of women’s speech features which occur most frequently by the main characters in the movie.

CHAPTER 3

METHOD OF THE STUDY

In the section tell about the method which is used in this research. It consists of research approach, technique of data collection, source of data, instrument, procedure, and technique of data analysis.

3.1 Research Approach

This research has been analyzed by using descriptive qualitative approach in analyzing women’s speech features that used by the main characters in “Lucy” movie. According to Flick, in A companion to Qualitative Research (2004:3), stated that qualitative research claims to describe life worlds from the inside out, from the point of view of people who participate. By so doing it seeks to contribute to a better understanding of social realities and to draw attention to processes, meaning patterns and structural features.

3.2 Technique of Data collection 3.2.1 Source of Data

The data of this research is taken from the action movie of “Lucy”, and using some book and website. The data source were the utterences from script that are the words, phrases, clauses, and sentences used by the main character of the movie, Lucy (Scarlett Johansson). The data source includeed the features of women’s language which uttered by Lucy based on Lakoff’s theory.

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3.2.2 Instrument

In qualitative research, the main instrumen is person (Moleong:2007). Therefore, The instrument to analyze the data in this research is the researcher itself. Moleong (2005:9) said that a human instrument is used in a research because only human who has capability to understand the real condition of the research subject.

3.2.3 Technique of collecting data

In this research, the writer will collects the data through the following steps: 1) Watching and understanding the movie

The writer watch “Lucy” movie from beginning to the end. Then, the researcher try to understand the story especially the characteristic of the main character in this movie.

2) Finding and reading the script of the movie

The writer try to find the script and read it carefully the dialogues based on the words, sentences, clauses, or phrases that are used by the main character.

3) Identifying the data

After finding the dialogues, the writer identified words, sentences, clauses, or phrases into ten types of women’s speech features such as lexical hedges or fillers, tag questions, rising intonation on declaratives, ‘empty’ adjectives, precise colour terms, intensifiers, ‘hypercorrect’ grammar, ‘superpolite’ forms, avoidance of strong swear words, and emphatic stress.

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4) Note taking

After identifying the data into ten types of features women’s language, the writer taking note and giving a mark the utterances to know expression spoken by Lucy which are possible to be analyzed by using Robin Lakoff’s theory of women’s speech features.

3.3 Technique of Data Analysis

After collecting the data from the movie, the data has been analyzing by using following steps. First, understanding the data from the script of the movie “Lucy” to know the meaning of the utterances that used by the main character in the movie. Second, the writer makes the list of data in the table, to select the necessary data that can be analyze in the research. After that, the next step is collecting and classifying the data concerning the cases of the research. In this step, the writer will apply the theory that is connected with the problems of the research to be described and to analyze the data with the theory. Last, concluding the data based on the finding as the result analysis. To make clear analysis, the writer needs the table list below:

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Table: 1

Present of Women’s Speech Features

WOMEN’S SPEECH FEATURES

LUCY CHARACTER

Lexical Hedges

Tag Question

Rising Intonation

Empty Adjective

Precise Colour Term

Intensifier

Hypercorrect Grammar

Superpolite Form

Avoidance of Strong Swear Words

Emphatic Stress

TOTAL WOMEN’S SPEECH FEATURES

CHAPTER 4

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter discusses about the analysis of the data which is shown in the table. The data were taken from the utterances of the main character in Lucy movie is Lucy. This section identifies and describes the types and functions of women’s speech features used by the main character of the movie. The theory for identifying the types of women’s speech features is based on Lakoff’s theory. The reader can see detailed of the use of women’s speech features and dialogue that used by the main character in the appendix. Besides, there are table present in this chapter. This table is more decrypting about character which used by Lucy in usually.

4.1 Types of Women’s Speech Features

There are ten types of women’s speech features proposed by Lakoff (1975), they are lexical hedges or filler, tag question, rising intonation on declaratives, empty adjectives, precise color term, intensifier, hypercorrect grammar, superpolite forms, avoidance of strong swear words, and emphatic stress. Several examples of each type of women’s speech features used by the main character in Lucy movie is presented as bellow:

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4.1.1 Lexical Hedges or Filler

Lakoff claimed that lexical hedges or filler is one of women’s speech features. It expresses a lack of confidence and reflects of women’s insecurity. She also said that women use hedging devices to express uncertainty. Lexical hedges are shown by the use of well, you see, sort a/sort of, like, you know, kind a/kind of, I guess, I think, and it seems like. “Pause fillers” such as uh, um, and ah, also categorized as “hedges” because of their function is expressing uncertainty. This feature is found in the main character of this movie as the example below:

Richard : Look, you can even see the reception from here. Come on. Lucy : What’s in the case?

Richard : I don’t know, it’s just some paperwork. Lucy : Yeah, welllet’s see it then.

Richard : It’s locked, and no one but Mr. Jang has the code. I’m just the delivery boy.

Based on the dialogue above, the situation is crowded, at the time Lucy and Richard were standing in front of the hotel. They spoke something. There was Richard get Lucy enter into hotel to give the case brought her to Mr. Jang. Every time Lucy ask to Richard, Richard always pretend do not know what is in the case. Lucy did not give up to ask what is in the case.

Lucy uses lexical hedges “well” when she wants to Richard to open the case . She uses “well”to express her curious to case that Richard’s bring. Than, Richard gives doubt respond to Lucy if He did not have code to open the case and just Mr. Jang that has his code.

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Lucy : Do you get paid to do this? Richard : Yeah, kind of.

Lucy : Like, how much?

Richard : Okay, we are negotiating now or…?

Lucy : No, no. How much do you get paid? I want to know, how much?

Richard : A thousand dollars.

The situation in the dialogue above is a little tighten. Lucy didn’t want to go to the hotel, but Richard still forced Lucy. Than, Lucy asked to Richard, did he get the money to sent the case?, After listen the Richard’s answered, Lucy wants to know how much that He get paid with uses lexical hedges “Like”. Lucy uses word “Like” to express the curiosity of her, because Lucy very suspicious with his job and how much Richard got money from his job. Richard just laugh and did not answer, He changed the subject and He wanted negotiating with Lucy. Richard wanted Lucy that could help him. Lucy also uses lexical hedges or filler when She talked to Richard as the example below.

Lucy : You get paid a thousand dollars for delivering paperwork, really?

Richard : I don’t know, it takes me ten minutes and they pay me a grand and the rest is none of my business.

Lucy : Well, it’s not my business either, I’ll tell you now.

Richard : Listen!

Lucy : What?

Richard : We split it down the middle, hm? That’s five hundred for you and five hundred for me.

Based on the dialogue above the situation is little tighten. Lucy looks shocked when Lucy know if Richard gets paid a thousand dollars. Lucy do not believe if he gets paid a thousand dollars for delievering paperwork. Than, Lucy

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if this task very brief and furthermore did not my business. Than, Lucy uses lexical hedges “Well” to response Richard’s statement, if it was also not her business. Lucy went directly to leaved Richard but Richard grabbed Lucy’s hand to stopped her and said to Lucy if He wants devide his payment, five hundred dollars for him and five hundred dollar for Lucy. Lucy still uses lexical hedges in her dialogue below.

Richard : Listen, it’s the third time this week I’m showing up at the same hotel with the same cowboy hat.

Lucy : Well…

Lucy : Problem solved. Go, go. I’ll wait for you, go. I’ll wait. Richard : Lucy, honey, I…I’ve done this a dozen times. It’s

paperwork. It’s probably some designs so they can copy them, that’s how it works in this country. Even my Stetson was made here, look.

The situation in the dioalogue above is started tense. Richard looked nervous in front of the Lucy. Richard explained to Lucy why the reason He did not delievery the case himself. Richard said it was not the first time He went to the same hotel and it was impossible for him to come in the hotel used the same hat. Than, Lucy uses lexical hedges “well” after listen the words of Richard. Lucy uses word “well” to give a solution to Richard that there was no recognize of her. Lucy take a hat on the Richard’s head then put the hat on her head. After that Lucy order Richard to go to the hotel. But Richard still refused and He said that the works sistem in this country like this. Besides, Lucy used pause filler in her utterance when she talked to The Receptionist as the example below.

The Receptionist : Miss, may I help you?

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The Receptionist : Yes. Um…

The situation in the dialogue above is silent and tighten when Lucy walks nervously into the hotel lobby and walks over the reception. After arrived in front of the reception, the receptionist ask to Lucy ‘what can the receptionist help to Lucy?” and than Lucy uses filler “Uh” when She answer the reception’s question. Lucy looked very nervous and repeatedly uses filler “Uh” to convince receptionist if She really wants to meet with Mr. Jang. After hearing the Lucy’s answered, the receptionist began to call Mr. Jang. Lucy uses pause or fillers when She talked to the receptionist as the example below.

The Receptionist : What’s your name?

Lucy : No, Richard. Richard’s uh…he’s just looking for a place to

park.

The Receptionist : Mr. Jang still wants to know your name.

The situation on the dialogue above is begin to calm down when the receptionist called Mr. Jang, and Mr. Jang wanted to know her name. Lucy shocked when the receptionist ask her name, She began nervous to answer the reception’s question. Lucy uses filler “Uh” when She answered the reception’s question. She uses filler “Uh” to lost her nervousness and convince the receptionist if She had come with Richard. Than, the Receptionist was calling Mr. Jang again, but Mr. Jang still wanted to know her name. The receptionist asked to Lucy again to clarification, what did She come alone or with Richard. Lucy also uses lexical hedges when she talked to the translator as the example below.

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Phone Voice Royal Suite : Can you describe the contents of the case?

Lucy : It’s…it’s four plastic pouches filled with a blue powder, like a…maybe a purple powder. I don’t

know, looks gross.

Phone Voice Royal Suite : Mr. Jang wants to offer you a job.

The situation in the dialogue above is very tighten because Lucy was afraid because in the case is something dangerous. Lucy took a code that writen by Mr. Jang nervously and carefuly when opened the case. After the case opened, Lucy shocked with the contents of the case. She felt relieved after opened the case. Mr. Jang told to translator and order to Lucy explained the contents of the case. Than, translator told to Lucy that Mr. Jang want to know the content of the case. Lucy uses lexical hedges “Like” when She explained all the contents of the case to Mr. Jang. She uses word “Like” to mention the thing that the object in the case. After hearing Lucy explanation, the translator said to Lucy if Mr. Jang to give her a job. Lexical hedges used by Lucy in her utterance as presented below.

Lucy : Learning is always a painful process. Like when you’re little and your bones are growing and you ache all over. Do you believe I can remember the sound of my own bones growing? Like this grinding under the skin. Everything is different now, like sounds are music that I can understand. Like fluids.

Based on the dialogue above, the situation is silent when Lucy went to the hotel to meet Mr. Jang. Lucy killed his guards that in the hotel. Than Lucy looked Mr. Jang was getting a tatto with someone. Lucy opened the door and ask to her go away. Suddenly, Lucy sticked two knives in Jang’s hands. After that, She talked to Mr. Jang about a learning. Lucy used Lexical hedges “Like” to explain Mr. Jang

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about learning, where as a child, He felt the pain in the whole his body when his bones growing. Lucy used lexical hedges in her utterance as below.

Lucy : It’s funny, I used to be so concerned with who I was and what I wanted to be and, now that I have access to the furthest reaches of my brain, I see things clearly and realize that what makes us, it’s primitive. They’re all obstacles. Does that make any sense? Like this pain you’re experiencing, it’s blocking you from understanding. All you know now is pain, that’s all you know, pain. Where are the others? The others carrying the drugs, I need the rest of it. For medicinal purposes.

Based on the dialogue above, the situation is silent and little tighten. At the time, Mr. Jang felt a pain because the knives stick in his hands, He watched and Listened to Lucy. Lucy talked to Mr. Jang used Lexical Hedges “See” because Lucy has felt pain in her body. Than, Lucy asked to Mr. Jang ‘Did He ever felt pain like what in her did?’. Lucy also want to know where He brought the rest of drugs, because She needed to medicinal purposes. Mr. Jang just silent and did not talk.

4.1.2 Tag Question

Tag question is a syntactic device which may express uncertainty. Lakoff said that tag question is usable under certain contextual situations: not those in which a statement would be approppriate, nor those in which a yes-no question is generally used, but in situations intermediate between these. Tag question is mostly featured with the wosrd ..., isn’t it?, ..., do you?, and etc. In this movie, the writer does not find tag question which is used by the main character in the movie.

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4.1.3 Rising Intonation

Rising Intonation is a peculiar sentence intonation pattern only among women. It is not only has the form of declarative answer to a question, but also has the rising inflection typical of a yes-no question and seems like being especially hesitant. This make someone was seeking information and thought that the speaker may has the requisite information. The writer find rising intonation in Lucy utterance in the movie. Rising intonation used by Lucy as the example below.

Phone Voice Royal Suite : Mr. Jang wants to know what’s in the case? Lucy : No, I don’t know what’s in the case. Do you

speak English, or don’t you speak English? Phone Voice Royal Suite : Yes, I do. I studied one year in International High

School in New York.

Based on the dialogue above, the situation is little serious. At the time, Lucy was sit on the chair with weep. Mr. Jang called the translator to help him talked to Lucy. After that, the translator asked to Lucy about the case. Lucy used Rising Intonation in her utterance “No, I don’t know what’s in the case. Do you speak,

English, or don’t you speak English?”. In this utterance she heightened the voice to give a stressing toward the translator that He really can speak English. Then, the translator response Lucy’s utterance, He explained that He can speak English because He ever studied one year in International High School in New York.

4.1.4 Empty Adjective

The adjective such as adorable, charming, sweet, lovely, gorgeous, divine, are used by women than men. These kind adjectives called ‘empty’

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adjective, which means that those only convey an emotional reaction rather than specific information. It also called ‘empty’ because it is meaning less, can be omitted or changed into another words. In this movie, the writer does not find empty adjective which is used by the main character Lucy in the movie.

4.1.5 Precise Color Term

One of women’s speech features according Lakoff is precise color terms. Lakoff gives the example of the lexical difference when women make more precise in naming colors, like mauve, lavender, plum, magenta, aquamarine, ecru, and others. Discrimination of color is relevant for women, but not for men because women are not expected to make decisions on important matters, such as what kind of job to hold. In this movie, the writer does not find precise color term which is used by the main character in the movie.

4.1.6 Intensifier

Intensifier such as so, really, just, quite and very are used by the main character in this movie. Intensifier are commonly used by women as her attempt to show their strong feeling about something. Lakoff claimed that women use intensifying devices to persuade their addressee to take them seriously.

Richard : Sweetheart, don’t get paranoid on me, alright? You trust me, don’t you?

Lucy : Richard, I really do like you, but I have to take care of myself right now. I gotta…I don’t know, I gotta concentrate on so many things. I…

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The situation in the dialogue above between Richard and Lucy are not focus because the hotel is very crowded. There were Lucy and Richard spoke something. Richard said to Lucy that Lucy have to trust him. Lucy tried to remember again about what She did with Richard last night. She got party and alcohol in the club. Lucy used intensifier “Really” when she told to Richard about her feelings. Lucy said to Richard that She love him, but on the other side Lucy also must be care and paid attention to her own. Lucy used word “Really” to Richard convinced that actually She very love him. Than, Lucy turned on her body and left him but Richard grabbed her arm and said what would she did at home. Lucy also uses intensifier when She talked to Richard. It shows as the example below.

Lucy : No, no. How much do you get paid? I want to know, how much? Richard : A thousand dollars.

Lucy : You get paid a thousand dollars for delivering paperwork, really? Richard : I don’t know, it takes me ten minutes and they pay me a grand and

the rest is none of my business.

Based on the dialogue above, the situation is suddenly tighten. When Lucy asked to Richard, how much money that he got to this work. Richard answered that he got a thousand dollars. Than, Lucy used intensifier “Really” when She asked again to Richard. Lucy little bit unbelieve to Richard’s spoken. Lucy used word “Really” to ask her doubt to Richard. After that, Richard received Lucy’s question with answered that she did not know, Richard though the job and He got the money when He did the job. Intensifier also used by Lucy in conversation. The utterance is presented below.

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Richard : Lucy, honey, I…I’ve done this a dozen times. It’s paperwork. It’s probably some designs so they can copy them, that’s how it works in this country. Even my Stetson was made here, look.

Richard : It says so on the label, “Made in Taiwan.” Lucy : So long, Cowboy, with the fake Stetson. Richard : Baby, please.

Based on the dialogue above, the situation is panic. When Richard took the hat in Lucy’s head, He looked label of the hat. Lucy took again the hat and Lucy wearing the hat to Richard’s head with used intensifier “So long”. Lucy uses word “So long” to express her feeling so tired to Richard because of his utterances. Afterwards, Lucy left Richard but Richard grabbed her hand to her stop. Richard asked to Lucy that She can help her. Lucy also uses intensifier in her utterance to the receptionist. The dialogue shows below.

The Receptionist : What’s your name?

Lucy : No, Richard. Richard’s uh…he’s just looking for a place to park.

The Receptionist : Mr. Jang still wants to know your name.

The situation in the dialogue above is little serious. At the time in the hotel was not many visitors, there were just some people that out of the hotel. When Lucy came to the receptionist and said that she wanted to meet with Mr. Jang. The receptionist called to Mr. Jang directly. The other word the receptionist asked Lucy about her name, unfortunately Lucy was not concentrate to receptionist because She focus on Richard the receptionist question. Lucy said that Richard still looked for the parked. Lucy used intensifier “Just” to convince to the receptionist if She comes to the hotel with Richard. After hearing her explanation, the receptionist called Mr.

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Jang again and said that Lucy saw Richard outside for waiting for Lucy. Lucy still used intensifier when She talked to the receptionist as below.

The Receptionist : Lucy what?

Lucy : Ju…just Lucy. If he could…if he could be quick, cause I

have uh…I have…I have to… The Receptionist : Just a second, while I tell him.

In the dialogue above, the situation is very quiet and little tighten when the receptionist asked Lucy’s full name. Lucy very shocked and nervous when She answered the question from the receptionist. Lucy uses intensifier “Just” to convince that the real name just Lucy. Lucy asked to the receptionist to tell Mr. Jang in order to Mr. Jang come soon, because She did not have many time. Afterward, the receptionist asked to Lucy to wait in minute, he will call Mr. Jang to sent her message. Lucy uses intensifier in her utterance as below.

Lucy : Lucy. Yes, I’m Lucy. Please, there’s just been a terrible mistake. I’m just supposed to deliver this case. If you lost the key, you don’t have to chop off my hand, you can just cut the chain, okay?

Lucy : Please. I’m begging you, please.

Based on the dialogue above, the situation is frightening. In the situation Lucy looked very afraid when Mr. Jang’s guard brought her to Mr. Jang. Lucy cried in front of Mr Jang, She afraid that She got torment by Mr. Jang. Lucy uses intensifier “Just” when She told to Mr. Jang. Lucy explains to Mr. Jang actually this is a mistaken. She came here to give the case only. Mr. Jang only silent and looked at the Lucy. Lucy felt very afraidto lost the keys because Mr. Jang cut her

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Richard. After hearing Lucy’s utterances, Mr. Jang asked his guard to put Lucy behind the table. Then, Mr. Jang took a telephone and called the translator. Mr. Jang asked to translator that He must be translated what Lucy talked about. Lucy uses two intensifiers in her conversation to the translator. It shows presented below.

Lucy : He gave me a paper with numbers on it. I don’t…what is this?

Phone Voice Royal Suite : It’s the code to open the case Lucy : What’s really in here? Phone Voice Royal Suite : Nothing dangerous.

Lucy : So why won’t he open it himself?

Phone Voice Royal Suite : He doesn’t trust Mr. Richard.

Based on the dialogue above, the situation is little tighten. Lucy cried and told to translator explained to Mr. Jang with spanish language. Lucy told all the case if Richard gave her case to give to Mr. Jang. After Mr. Jang knowing all, He took a paper in front of her then wrote some number in the paper. Afterward, the paper gived to Lucy. Lucy shocked and confused why Mr. Jang gave her a paper that written the some number. Than, the translator said to Lucy, that the number is coded to open the case. Lucy uses intensifier “ Really” when Lucy asked to translator what the content of the case. The translator answered that in the case not something dangerous. Lucy uses word “ Really” to convince that in the case not something dangerous, but the translator remain the same answered, that is if in the case was not something dangerous.

Lucy also uses intensifier “So” when the translator said if the content of the case not dangerous. The word “So” used by Lucy to asked the translator why not Mr. Jang himself to opened it because the case not something dangerous, and also

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the translator answered that Mr. Jang never believe to Richard. Intensifier used by Lucy as present below.

Lucy : Okay, okay. Keep calm. You just have to wait, just pray for time. You have time to think it through on the plane. Just take the flight. Take the fight and get out of here. Okay, that’s the main thing right now. Just save time. Don’t try anything. Keep your cool. You’re alive. You’re alive. You’re alive. That’s all that matters. Just…wait. Save time. Save time. Based on the dialogue above, the situation is quiet and dibble. When Lucy in custody with the situation her face covered by a black cloth. There Lucy spoke herself, She only needs time to turn away from the custody. Lucy uses intensifier “Just” to calm her heart. She sure will be alive when she did not anything and the importance thing, She must keep calm to think of the way to get out of there. When Lucy felt calm, suddenly the cover his face was opened by someone. Lucy found herself in a room with two thugs, one of the thugs tried to worthless Lucy but Lucy avoid from the thugs. After that, one of the thugs hit Lucy. Lucy also used intensifier when She talked to her mother as dialogue below.

Lucy : I remember the taste of your milk in my mouth. The room, the liquid.

Lucy’s Mother : Sweetie, what are you talking about?

Lucy : I just want to tell you that I love you, mom, and dad.

Lucy’s Mother : Sweetie.

Lucy : And I want to thank you for the thousand kisses that I can still feel on my face. I love you, Mom.

Lucy’s Mother : I love you too, sweetie. More than anything in the world.

Based on the dialogue above, the situation is affectionate. At the time, Lucy was in the operation room with doctor, there was Doctor ready to operate her

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stomach. In the aware condition, Lucy took her phone and she was calling her mother. Lucy talked to her mother that she felt everything. Space, air, vibration, the people and she still remember warmth that gave her mother. Than, her mother called Lucy with named “sweetie”, her mother confused what is Lucy was talking about and why suddenly Lucy said like that with her. Lucy answered mother’s confusion with uses intensifier “ Just”.

Lucy uses word “Just” to explain and convince to her mother that she very love her mother and father. Lucy also said thank you that her affection that during still save in her heart. After hearing Lucy’s explained, her mother said she also very love with Lucy more than anymore. Intensifier used by Lucy to Prof. Norman presented below.

Lucy : Professor Norman, my name is Lucy. I just read all your research on the human brain. We need to meet.

Professor Norman : All of my research? Well, I’m very flattered, young lady, but I find that hard to believe. I must have written no less than…

Based on the dialogue above, the situation is little serious. At the time, Lucy in front of her notebook. She was searching article about brain capacity. Lucy found some research article from Prof. Norman. Lucy read all research from Prof. Norman in a few minute. After read all, Lucy called prof. Norman to ask his research. Lucy introduced herself to Prof. Norman and Lucy uses intensifier “Just” when she explained to Prof. Norman if she has found his research and read all his research about human brain. After hearing Lucy’s explain, Prof. Norman just laughs and did not speak anything. Lucy uses word “Just” to convince Prof. Norman if she

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interested in his research about human brain capacity and she wanted to meet him, but Prof. Norman still hesitant and felt unbelieve, if that Lucy have read all his reserch. The example of intensifier used by Lucy when She talked to Prof. Norman. The dialogue shows below.

Professor Norman : Are you one of Emily’s friends? This sounds like one of her silly jokes. Is she there with you?

Lucy : No, I’m on my own. Professor Norman : Who are you? Lucy : I just told you.

Professor Norman : Uh…Lucy, right? Yes. Sorry.

Based on the dialogue above, the situation is seriously. At the time, Prof. Norman still hesitant and still did not trust Lucy’s words because Prof. Norman thougt that Lucy impossible to read all his research until detail and knowing page total hiss research. Than, Prof. Norman supposed to Lucy is one of Emily’s friends. Suddenly, Lucy sit in her apartement seen in screen TV, and Prof. Norman shocked, why she suddenly appear in his TV. Prof. Norman very anxious, than He asked to Lucy directly, “who is she actually?”. Lucy answered the question of Prof. Norman uses intensifier “Just” to explain and convince to Prof. Norman if She did not mean anything, She really wanted to talk to Prof. Norman about his research, and than Prof. Norman was responding to the Lucy’s said with relax and she also asked apologize to Lucy because she did not believe her. Lucy still uses intensifier in her dialogue with Prof. Norman as presented below.

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Lucy : Yes, and I can start to control other peoples’ bodies. Also, I can control magnetic and electric waves. Not all of them,

just the most basic. Television. Lucy : Telephone.

Lucy : Radio.

Professor Norman : That’s amazing.

The situation in the dialogue above is quiet and little serious when Prof. Norman stared at Lucy on the TV monitor. At the time, Prof. Norman asked to Lucy about “How can control her metabolism?”. Lucy answered uses intensifier “Just” to convince Prof. Norman that She can control her metabolism in the most basic thing, that is appeared on Television, Telephone, and Radio. After knowing that She could be appeared anywhere, Prof. Norman shocked and felt that what He saw was very amazing for him.

4.1.7 Hypercorrect Grammar

Hypercorrect grammar is the consistent use of standard verb sound. Women tend to use hypercorrect grammar than men. It involves avoidance of coarse language. The writer found some hypercorrect grammar which are used by Lucy. The examples presented below.

Richard : I’m so sorry, I really need your help. Lucy : No. Stop it! Take this off me, right now! Richard : I can’t.

Lucy : Take this off me, right now!

Richard : I can’t, Mr. Jang’s the only one who has the key. All you have to do is go into the hotel and ask for him at the reception.

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Lucy’s hand with the case. Lucy uses hypercorrect grammar in her utterances “Take

this off me, right now!” when She order Richard to opened the handcuffs from her hand. She uses the standard verb form in her utterance to show her attitude to Richard that She very angry to him. Then, Richard responses Lucy’s utterance with calm and said with her that He can not to open, only Mr. Jang has the key. Hypercorrect grammar also used by Lucy to her mother as the dialogue below.

Lucy : Mom?

Lucy’s Mother : Yes.

Lucy : I feel everything.

Lucy’s Mother : What do you mean, sweetie?

Lucy : Space. The air. The vibrations. The people. I can feel the gravity. I can feel the rotation of the earth. The heat leaving my body. The blood in my veins. I can feel my brain. The deepest parts of my memory.

Lucy’s Mother : Sweetie, we have a bad connection. I can’t hear you so well. What did you say about memory?

Based on the dialogue above, the situation is silent in the operation room. At the time, Lucy was calling her mother. Lucy uses hypercorrect grammar in her utterance “I can feel the rotation of the earth. I can feel my brain. As the child, Lucy uses standard verb form when she talked to her mother. She talked about her feeling to her mother. She uses standard verb form in her utterance to show her respect attitude to her mother as a daughter. Then Lucy’s mother response Lucy’s spoke with asks with her. The third example of hypercorrect grammar used by Lucy when She talked to her mother. The dialogue shows below.

Lucy’s Mother : Sweetie, you can’t possibly remember that. You were

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Lucy : I remember the taste of your milk in my mouth. The room, the liquid.

Lucy’s Mother : Sweetie, what are you talking about?

Based on the dialogue above, the situation is silent and touching. When Lucy talked to her mother that She still remember about her childhood. Lucy uses hypercorrect grammar in her utterance “I remember the taste of your milk in my mouth. The room, the liquid.” Lucy uses standard verb form when She talked to her mother. She still gives the honor to her mother. She also uses standard verb form in her utterance to prove her love to her mother. Then, mother’s Lucy response Lucy’s utterance with startling, She did not understand what Lucy’s spoke because Lucy talked about her childhood memory. Hypercorrect grammar also used by Lucy to Professor Norman as below.

Professor Norman : Who are you? Lucy : I just told you.

Professor Norman : Uh…. Lucy, right? Yes. Sorry.

Lucy : I read your theory on the use of the brain’s capacity. It’s a little rudimentary but you’re on the right track.

Professor Norman : Thank you.

The situation on the dialogue above is calm when Lucy talked to Prof. Norman. Lucy tells to Prof. Norman if She have read his research. Lucy uses hypercorrect grammar in her utterance “I read your theory on the use of the brain’s capacity” Lucy uses standard verb form when She talked to Prof. Norman. She uses standard verb form in her utterance to keep her good attitude as a younger. Then, Prof. Norman response Lucy’s spoke with said thanks to Lucy. Lucy still uses hypercorrect grammar as the dialogue below.

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Lucy : Yes, and I can start to control other peoples’ bodies. Also, I can control magnetic and electric waves. Um…not all of them, just the most basic. Television.

Lucy : Telephone.

Lucy : Radio.

Professor Norman : That’s amazing.

Based on the dialogue above, the situation is little tighten. At the time, Lucy stares on the TV monitor with Prof. Norman. Prof. Norman shock when Lucy can appear on TV. Lucy uses hypercorrect grammar in her utterance “Yes, and I can

start to control other peoples’ bodies. Also, I can control magnetic and electric

waves. Um…not all of them, just the most basic. Television.” As a younger, She uses standard verb form when She talked to Prof. Norman. She uses standard verb form in her utterance to prove to Prof Norman, that She can to control her metabolism. Then, Prof. Norman response Lucy’s spoke with said amazing because Prof. Norman very surprised with what She do. Lucy also used hypercorrect grammar when Lucy talked to Caroline. It present as below.

Caroline : What is this? Lucy : A prescription.

Caroline : Since when did you start writing in Chinese? Lucy : Since an hour ago.

Caroline : Luce, I don’t understand any of this.

Lucy : Your kidneys aren’t functioning efficiently, your liver’s failing you. You need to make some lifestyle changes. Take this medication, work out, eat organic. You’ll be okay.

Based on the dialogue above, the situation is be amazed when Lucy will leaving. She gave a prescription to Caroline but Caroline did not understood about this. Lucy uses hypercorrect grammar in her utterance “Your kidneys aren’t functioning efficiently, your liver’s failing you. You need to make some lifestyle

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standard verb form when She talked to Caroline. She orders to Caroline to some lifestyle changes. Lucy uses standard verb form to show her interest to Caroline and as a good friend, She very cares with her healthy. The example of hypercorrect grammar used by Lucy when She talked to Pierre Del Rio. The dialogue shows below.

Pierre Del Rio : Hello?

Lucy : Yes, I have important information about a group drug traffickers. I need to speak to someone in position of authority. Pierre Del Rio : Aha. You’re very lucky there is no one with more authority in this

office than me. But, let’s start at the beginning. What is your name?

The situation on the dialogue above is crowded. At the time, Lucy in Taiwan, with walked She called Pierre Del Rio. Lucy uses hypercorrect grammar in her utterance “Yes, I have important information about a group drug traffickers. I need to speak to someone in position of authority”. She gives important information about group drug traffickers to Pierre Del Rio. She uses standard verb form when she talked to Pierre Del Rio. She uses standard verb form to keep her attitude to Pierre Del Rio. Then, Pierre Del Rio response with good, He said that Lucy is very lucky because She contacted the right person. Lucy still used hypercorrect grammar as the dialogue below.

Lucy : I’m gonna be sending you the details of three people about to arrive in Europe. Each one is carrying a kilo of drugs. I need you to arrest them and collect the substance, I’ll need it for later. Pierre Del Rio : What form are these drugs in? Bars? Capsules?

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Based on the dialogue above, the situation is calm. At the time, Lucy in the airport and Pierre Del Rio in his office. Lucy tells to Pierre Del Rio to help her. She sent picture of three people that carrying a kilo of drugs. Lucy uses hypercorrect grammar in her utterance “I’m gonna be sending you the details of three people about to arrive in Europe. Each one is carrying a kilo of drugs. I need you to arrest

them and collect the substance, I’ll need it for later.” She uses standard verb form when She talked to Pierre Del Rio. She uses standard verb form in her utterance to keep her attitude as a woman. Then, Pierre Del Rio responses her utterance very relax and ask to her about form are these drugs. Hypercorrect grammar used by Lucy in her dialogue with Pierre Del Rio as below.

Pierre Del Rio : Miss! Pierre Del Rio : Don’t move.

Lucy : I need to talk to you alone.

Pierre Del Rio : And I need you to put your hands up, please.

The situation on the dialogue above is tighten when Lucy out from room. Doctor and Pierre Del Rio felt afraid, He felt Lucy dangerous. Pierre Del Rio called Lucy and He points his gun at Lucy with the other policemen. Lucy uses hypercorrect grammar in her utterance “I need to talk to you alone.” Lucy uses standard verb form when She talked to Pierre Del Rio. She want talked to Pierre Del Rio alone, She want talk something. She uses standard verb form in her utterance to keep a good attitude to captain Pierre Del Rio. Then, Pierre Del Rio response Lucy’s utterance still points his gun at Lucy and asked her to hands up. Hypercorrect grammar used Lucy when She talked to Pierre Del Rio. The dialogue

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uncertainty. The next rank is superpolite forms which are used for three times. Lakoff claimed that women using superpolite forms are to behave and communicate politely, to leave the decision to receive the request depend on the addressee without an attempt to impose what they want or appear in their mind. Rising intonation and avoidance of strong swear words are used by Lucy for one times each type. The purpose of srising intonation is for being strengthened. While in avoidance o strong swear words, women tend to use the softer of strong swear words. Four features which do not find in Lucy utterances are tag question, empty adjective, precise color term, and emphatic stress. The purposes of appearing empathic stress are for emphasizing certain words and for expressing something with own self-expression as purpose. Based on the analysis above, the writer concludes that: there are six types of women’s speech features which are used by Lucy. They are intensifier, hypercorrect grammar, lexical hedges or fillers, superpolite forms, rising intonation and avoidance of strong swear words. The most dominant of women’s speech features used by Lucy is intensifier. Next, four types of women’s speech features which do not find in Lucy utterances. They are tag question, empty adjective, precise colour term, and emphatic stress. Last, rising intonation and avoidance of strong swear words are the least of women’s speech features used by Lucy.

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CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

After presenting the result of analysis in the previous chapter, the conclusion and suggestions are taken in this part. The conclusion is drawn based on the formulated statement of problems, while suggestion is intended to give information to the next researchers who are in doing further research in this area.

5.1. Conclusion

In this research, the writer concluded that the main characters of Lucy movie used women’s speech features proposed by Lakoff. The writer found only six types of women’s speech features used by Lucy in her utterance. They are lexical hedges or fillers, rising intonation, intensifier, hypercorrect grammar, superpolite forms, and avoidance of strong swear words. After counting the data, the appearance is different each other. The appearance lexical hedges or fillers is nine times. Rising intonation and avoidance of strong swear words appear in one times. Next, the appearance intensifier is thirteen times. Hypercorrect grammar appears in twelve times and the last, superpolite forms appear in three times. There are differences in this research with previous researchers. The previous researchers, Dian Rosita found nine types of women’s speech features, they are lexical hedges or fillers, tag question, rising intonation on declaratives, empty adjectives, precise colour terms, intensifier, superpolite forms, avoidance of strong swear words and emphatic stress. Second, Isni Al-Rofi’ found nine types of women’s speech features, they are lexical

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hedges or fillrs, intensifier, empty adjectives, superpolite form, tag question, emphatic stress, hypercorrect grammar, rising intonation and avoidance of strong swear words. Third, Futika Permatasari found eight type of women speech features, they are lexical hedges or fillers, tag question, rising intonation on declarative, empty adjectives, intensifier, superpolite forms, avoidance of strong swear words and emphatic stress. Last, Farida Mas Huriyatul Mu’min found seven types of women’s speech features, they are emphatic stress, intensifier, empty adjectives, tag question, superpolite forms, lexical hedges or fillers, rising intonation. The similarities of this research with previous researchers are the writer same used descriptive qualitative method and used theory of Lakoff.

The writer found that the type of women’s speech features which occurs most frequently by the main characters in “Lucy” movie are intensifier. It was used by Lucy for thirteen times from one hundred and sixty six utterances. Besides, some features that did not find in utterance of Lucy are tag question, empty adjectives, precise colour terms, and emphatic stress. As Lakoff (cited in Holmes, 1992:316) claimed that intensifying devices to persuade their addressee to take them seriously.

5.2. Suggestion

Women’s speech features is one of the interesting object as a topic to conduct the research because studying about women’s speech features is very important to get more understanding in relation with language. This study also can be further continued by other researcher by using different approach.

In this research, the writer found advantages and disadvantages in her research. The writer has advantages in collecting data because the data have already

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been gathered and the writer easily determines the theory suitable for her research. The writer also found disadvantages in her research. In the techniques, the writer difficult to matching the conversation with script found, matching between script found and movie. The writer having difficulty in choose the theory, a lot of the theory was there, but the writer of confusion to match the theory suitable for her research.

The writer not only gives the conclusion but also gives some suggestions for the next researchers based on the data collection and her theory. In the write research, the data collection must be truly between a data with the object. The theory must be appropriate.

REFERENCES

Al Rofi’, Isni. 2014. Women’s Speech Features Used by The Main Characters In “The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe” Movie. Thesis. Surabaya: State Islamic University Surabaya.

Cameron, Deborah. 1990. The Feminist Critique of Language. USA: Routledge. Holmes, Janet. 1992. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Longman

Publishing.

Holmes, Janet. 1997. Woman, Language and Identity. Journal. Victoria: University of Wellington

Jendra, Made Iwan Indrawan. 2010. Sociolinguistic the Study of Societies Language. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.

Lakoff, RobinTolmach.2004. Language and Woman’s place: Text and Commentaries. Revised and Expanded Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lakoff, Robin Tolmach. 1973. Language in Society Vol.2: Language and Woman’s Place. Cambridge University Press.

Litosseliti, Lia. 2010. Research Methods in Linguistic. New York: Continuum. Lucy movie, Biography. On December 04, 2015.

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_(2004_film)

Mu’minin, Faridatul Mas Huriyatul. 2010. An Analysis on Women’s Language Used by the Main Character of “Thirteen” Movie. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. Malang: The State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim.

Permatasari, Futika. 2010. Women’s Speech Features Used by The Characters of “Sex and The City” Movie. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. Malang: The State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim.

Rosita, Dian. 2008. An Analysis of Sex and the City's Dialogue Based on Ten Types of Women's Linguistic Features. Unpublished Thesis. Surabaya: Airlangga University.

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Transcript of Lucy Movie. On December 04, 2015.

http://www.Moviequotesandmore.com/lucy-quotes/

Wray, Alison, Aileen Bloomer. 2006. Projects in Linguistics A Practical Guide to Researching Language. United Kingdom: Hodder Education.