term anxiety that defined by Nevid with asserting a perceived threat that made people feels anxious or afraid with something bad that is going to happen.
5
Dusek 1998 in Schunk et al. defines anxiety as “an unpleasant feeling or emotional state that has physiological and behavioral concomitants, and that is
experienced in formal testing or other evaluative situations”
6
Furthermore, according to
Jeanne Ellis Ormrod statement “You are a victim of anxiety: you have a feeling of uneasiness and apprehension abo
ut an event because you’re not sure what is outcome will be.”
7
There is no same word mentioned by both researcher but, their definitions are correlate one another in which Schunk states an unpleasant feeling that is
experienced in formal testing or other evaluative situation. Ormrod then make it clear with stating people are concern with the result that they are still not sure.
To sum up, the writer concludes anxiety as an uncomfortable feelings towards situation that they think they cannot deal with. Anxious person will focus on thinking
the negative result are going to happen rather than the positive result. Mostly people will become anxious if they are being evaluated. Likewise, anxiety can usually be
noticed with some psychological signs such as sweating, trembling, or heart beating, etc.
2. The Kinds of Anxiety
Jeanne Ellis Ormrod divides the types of anxiety into two types, state anxiety and trait anxiety. She states
“Such temporary feelings of anxiety are instances of state anxiety.”
8
Another definition of state anxiety defined by Thomas J. Huberty which is “State anxiety refers to anxiety that occurs in a specific situations and usually has a
clear trigger.”
9
It means that state anxiety is an anxious feeling that felt by the people only when they face a specific situation and in a short time. Otherwise, trait anxiety is
5
Nevid, loc. cit.
6
Dale H. Schunk, Paul R. Pintrich, Judith L. Meece, Motivation in Education: Theory, Research, and Applications,
New Jersey: PEARSON Merrill Prentice Hall, 2008, p. 228.
7
Jeanne Ellis Ormrod, Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, Boston: Pearson, 2011, Seventh Edition, p. 401.
8
Ibid.
9
Thomas J. Huberty, Test and Performance Anxiety, Student Services, 2009, p. 13.
defined by Ormrod as “…. a pattern of responding with anxiety even in
nonthreatening situations”
10
In addition Huberty defines “Trait Anxiety refers to
anxiety that is chronic and pervasive across situations and is not triggered by specific events.
”
11
Thus, in trait anxiety terms, it means that people will feel anxious for any situations they face.
To sum up, some experts mostly divides anxiety into two types, state and trait anxiety in which state anxiety is temporary anxious feeling depends on specific
situation. Besides و trait anxiety is an anxious feeling severed by people in every
situation.
3. The Anxiety Factors and Symptoms
a Anxiety Factors
According to Jeffrey S. Nevid, some factors which can make people feel
anxiety are:
1 Over self-prediction toward fear 2 Irrational faith
3 Over sensitivity toward threat 4 The sensitivity of anxiety
5 Wrong attribution body signal 6 Low self-efficacy.
12
b Anxiety Symptoms
1. Emotional Symptoms 1 Feelings of tension
2 apprehension 2. Cognitive Symptoms
1 Worry 2 Thoughts about inability to cope
3. Psychological symptoms. 1 Increased heart rate
2 Muscle tension
10
Ormrod, loc. cit.
11
Huberty, loc.cit.
12
Nevid, Rathus Greene, op. cit, pp. 180-183.
