2.2 Types of The Process
There is many types to prododuce chloroform, like : a Methane Chlorination
In methane chlorination reactions can produce yield ranges from 90 to 95, but use of fixed bed reactors requires that the cantilever construction
made is strong enough to support the catalyst. b Photochemical Chlorination
Yield will be produce are 90 and this reactions can reduce impurities in the resulting chloromethane, but The capacity per reactor is low so very
slow reactions. c Reaction between Acetone and Chlorine
2 CH
3
COCH
3l
+ 6 CaOCl
2
.H
2
O
s
2 CHCl
3l
+ CaCH
3
COO
2s
+ 2 CaOH
2 s
+3 CaCl
2s
+ 6 H
2
O
l
This reaction will be produce crude chloroform in the batch reactors and will be purification with destillation process. Yield from this reaction is 86
- 91 . But the process include conventional process. So to produce chloroform in optimmum condition, reaction between
acetone and chlorine choose for the reaction.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Thermodynamics Review
Review of thermodynamics aims at finding out the properties of a reaction, including exothermic or endothermic as well as the direction of its reaction
including reversible or irreversible. The determination of exothermic or endothermic reaction is considered from the calculation of standard reaction heat
H
r
. Tabel 3.1 data of
∆H
o f
every component at 298K No.
Componen H
o f
kJmol 1
CH
3
COCH
3
- 217,848 2
CaOCl
2
.H
2
O - 1.103,766
3 CHCl
3
103,246 4
CaCH
3
COO
2
- 1.491,757 5
CaOH
2
- 986,762 6
CaCl
2
- 796,329 7
H
2
O - 286,025
Based from ∆H
o f
, so we can get value of H
r
use this formula : H
r
= H
o f produk
- H
o f reaktan
H
r
= -305,634 kJmol Because the value of
H
r
is negative, the reaction of chloroform forming is exothermic. To find out the direction of a reaction in thermodynamics aspect, it
needs the principles of chemistry equilibrium. Use this formula : G
o
= - R.T.lnK
dT K
d ln
=
2 r
T R
H
And for the data of gibbs free energy use : No.
Component G
o 298
kJmol 1
CH
3
COCH
3
- 153,304 2
CaOCl
2
.H
2
O 3
CHCl
3
70,405 4
CaCH
3
COO
2
5 CaOH
2
- 899,040 6
CaCl
2
- 748,608 7
H
2
O - 237,304
And get this value :
G
o
= - R.T.lnK
o
lnK
o
= - T
R
o
G
lnK
o
=
298 .
314 ,
8 310
. 020
. 5
lnK
o
= 2.026,302
3.2 Review Kinetics
Can get from the value :
t =
X
A
= 0,91 a
= 2 b
= 6 k
= 1,81.10
-8
Lkmol.detik t=
t=
1.831 hours ≈ 2 hours
1
ln .
. 1
A X
M A
X a
b M
A
a b
M C
k
91
, 1
561 ,
91 ,
2 6
561 ,
8
ln 2
6 561
, 013
, 10
. 81
, 1
1
x x
x x
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