4.10 Tensile Strength, Strain and Modulus of Specimen
41 OPEFB30-PPPLA
4.11 Hardness Scale for Neat PPPLA
42 4.12
Hardness Scale for OPEFB0.063-PPPLA 42
4.13 Hardness Scale for OPEFB0.25-PPPLA
43 4.14
Hardness Scale for OPEFB20-PPPLA 43
4.15 Hardness Scale for OPEFB30-PPPLA
44 4.16
Water Absorption 10wt OPEFB-PPPLA Composite 45
4.17 Liquid Immersion kerosene 10wt OPEFB-PPPLA
45 Composite
4.18 Water Absorption 0.25mm OPEFB-PPPLA Composite
45 4.19
Liquid Immersion kerosene 0.25mm OPEFB-PPPLA 45
Composite 5.1
Tensile Strength for 10wt OPEFB-PPPLA Neat PPPLA 49
5.2 Tensile Strength for 0.25mm OPEFB-PPPLA Neat PPPLA
50 5.3
Tensile Strength, Strain and Modulus for 10wt 51
OPEFB-PPPLA and Neat PPPLA 5.4
Tensile Strength, Strain and Modulus for 0.25mm 52
OPEFB-PPPLA and Neat PPPLA 5.5 5.5
Hardness Scale and Tensile Strength for 10wt 53
OPEFB-PPPLA and Neat PPPLA
5.6 Hardness Scale and Tensile Strength for 0.25mm
55 OPEFB-PPPLA and Neat PPPLA
5.7 StrengthMPa and Liquid Immersion for 10wt
56 `
OPEFB-PPPLA 5.8
Tensile StrengthMPa and Liquid Immersion for 57
0.25mm OPEFB-PPPLA
LIST OF FIGURES
BIL. TITTLE
PAGE
1.1
Classification of natural fiber [1] 2
1.2 Empty Fruit Bunch
3 2.1
Composite Composition 6
2.2 Oil Palm Tree [11]
11 2.3
Palm Kernel 12
2.4 Fruit Bunch [11]
12 2.5
Oil Palm Fibre 13
2.6 Specimen For Tensile Test [14]
15 2.7
Tensile Strength versus Volume Fraction of Chopped 16
Random Fibre Composite [14] 2.8
Relation Between Fibre Content and Compressive 16
Strength Percentage [16]. 2.9
Hand-Lay-Up Process 17
2.10 Tensile Properties of Neat PLA and PLA based
18 Composite [13].
3.1 Process Chart
21 3.2
Haake Internal Mixer 23
3.3 Crusher Machine
23 3.4
Mould 24
3.5 Hot Press Machine
24 3.6
Sample Cutting Machine 25
3.7 Dog bone shape Specimen
25 3.8
Rotor Mill Machine 26
3.9 Sieve Shaker
26
3.10 Crushed Mixture of OPEFB-PPPLA
27 3.11
Tensile Test Machine Model: Instron 5585 30
3.12 Specimen for Liquid Immersion Test2.5cmx2.5cm
31 3.13
Specimen Immersed in Liquid 31
4.1 Stress-Strain Diagram for Neat PPPLA 0 Specimen
33 4.2
Stress-Strain Diagram for Neat PPPLA 3 Specimen 33
4.3 Stress-Strain Diagram for Neat PPPLA 5 Specimen
34 4.4
Stress-Strain Diagram for Neat PPPLA 10 Specimen 35
4.5 Stress and Modulus-PPPLA Diagram
36 4.6
Stress-Strain Diagram for Neat PPPLA Specimen 37
4.7 Stress-Strain Diagram for OPEFB0.063-PPPLA Specimen
38 4.8
Stress-Strain Diagram for OPEFB0.25-PPPLA Specimen 39
4.9 Stress-Strain Diagram for OPEFB20-PPPLA Specimen
40 4.10
Stress-Strain Diagram for OPEFB30-PPPLA Specimen 41
4.11 Specimen composite for OPEFB20-PPPLA Method A
46 4.12
Specimen composite for PPPLA-OPEFB 10 Method A 46
4.13 Specimen composite for PPPLA-OPEFB 10 Method B
47 5.1
Tensile Strength Diagram for 10wt OPEFB-PPPLA 49
Neat PPPLA 5.2
Tensile Strength Diagram for OPEFB0.25mm and Neat 50
PPPLA3 5.3
Stress-Strain Diagram for 10wt OPEFB-PPPLA 51
Specimen 5.4
Stress-Strain Diagram for 0.25mm OPEFB-PPPLA 52
Specimen 5.5
Hardness Scale - Specimen Diagram for 10wt 53
OPEFB-PPPLA and Neat PPPLA 5.6
Hardness Scale and Tensile Strength Diagram for 10wt 53
OPEFB-PPPLA and Neat PPPLA 5.7
Hardness Scale - Specimen Diagram for 0.25mm 54
OPEFB-PPPLA and Neat PPPLA 5.8
Hardness Scale and Tensile Strength Diagram for 10wt 54
OPEFB-PPPLA and Neat PPPLA 5.9
Tensile Strength and Liquid Immersion Diagram for 10wt 56
OPEFB-PPPLA 5.10
Tensile Strength and Liquid Immersion Diagram for 57
0.25mm OPEFB-PPPLA
LIST OF SYMBOL
T
g
= Glass Transition Temperature
T
m
= Melting Temperature
m =
Initial Mass m
1
= Final Mass
LIST OF APPENDICES
BIL TITTLE
PAGE A
Specimen Before and After Tensile Test 67
B Gantt Chart PSM I
68 C
Gantt Chart PSM II 69
D Flowchart of PSM
70
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background Research
