advised ad’vaiz + d agreed
allowed answered
appeared
Group C: T or D pronounce ED as “ID” Example: Need, needed = need id
Ed as “ID” accepted
afforded attended
arrested collected
contacted counted
decided defended
demanded divided
ended expanded
expected
27
b. Irregular Verb Form
Many irregular verb have five forms: three of the forms just presented for process base, 3.sg. present, present participle plus non-identical forms
for the past tense and past participle. An example of a five form irregular
verb is break, whose five forms are compare here with the regular verb process.
Break process BASE Breaks processes 3. S.G. PRESENT
Broke processed PAST TENSE
27
http:esl.about.comodbeginnerpronunciationapast_pronounce.htm , 3
rd
September 2009, 08 15 p.m
Broken processed PAT APRTICIPLE Breaking processing PRESENT PARTICIPLE
If break were regular, its past tense and past participle forms would
both be breaked. As an irregular verb, however, its past tense form is
characterized by ablauting ‘ any vowel change that alternates’ in which e o brek
brok and its participle form is characterized by both ablating and e n additional. Ablating involves many different types of
vowel changes. Here are some of them: U
, I do does, did
e say
says, said catch
caught I
sit sat
run ran
I drink
drank drunk i
e eat ate
ai u, o fly
flew flown o
g o gone
28
The remaining irregular verbs involve irregularity only in the past and or past participle form, and fit the following nine morphological patterns:
The Nine Morphological Patterns of Irregular Verbs Three-Form Verbs
Verbs like bet have identical base basepast part. forms: Bet base; past; past part.
Four –Form Verbs A Identical past past participle:
28
Richard V. Teschner and Eston Evans, Analyzing the Grammar ... 49
1 Both ablauthing and consonant difference: Catch:
Catch [k ] base
Caught [k t] past; past participle. 2 ablauting only:
Sit: Sit base
Sat past; past participle. 3 Consonant difference only:
Spend: Spend base
Spent past; past participle. B Identical base past participle:
Ablauting only: Run:
Run base; past participle Ran past
Five-Form Verbs all with non-identical base past past participle: A Ablauting only:
Drink: Drink base
Drank past Drunk Pat participle
B –en marking past participle plus ablauting: 1 two different vowel sounds:
—same vowel in base and past participle: Eat:
Eat base Ate past
Eaten past participle
—same vowel in past and past participle: Break:
Break Base Broke Past
Broken Past Participle 2 three different vowel sounds:
Fly: Fly base
Flew Past Flown Past Participle
Two highly frequent five-form verbs—do, and go—do not confirm to any of the above patterns and must be treated individually as “eccentrics.”
Phonetic transcription and commentary is added. Do:
Do [du] base Did [dId] past ablauting but d regularity
Done [d n] past participle ablauting with -n Go:
Go [go] base Went past this form is phonetically unrelated to the verb’s base
Gone [ g n] past participle
29
4. The Uses of The Verb
