Levels of Reading Comprehension

Concept about reading material and experience are frequent problems of students’ poor reading comprehension. Teacher should be careful in selecting type of reading passage. Disorganized text materials such as used advance textbook to younger learner, give them irrelevance contents, and supply them with unfamiliar glossaries should be ignored by the teachers. Therefore, teachers should aware to select textbook, and distribute it efficiently to the students. 28 g. Adjustment of Reading Techniques to Purpose The importance of adjusting reading techniques and choosing the right type of material are crucial factors in determining success in reading comprehension h. Rate of Reading The wrong selection in adjusting the reading rate to the type of material, such as news paper, text book, novel or magazine might cause failure in comprehending text material. In addition, Larry E Harris and Carl B. Smith identify five major determinant factors of reading comprehension as follow: “Background experience, language abilities, thinking abilities, affection interest, motivation, attitudes, beliefs, feelings, and reading purposes.” 29 To maximize reading comprehension readers should have several factors. First, the reader should have enough background knowledge in order to carry the writer’s taught. Second factor is the ability in grasping the language competence includes syntax, phonetic, and semantic. Those language competences therefore, will enable them in getting meaning from a written text. Another factor causing comprehension problem is a readers ’ ability to think, how they understand event and concept in a reading. Larry and Carl mention next factor about affection factor, readers will understand a text better only if it matches with his interest, attitude, and beliefs. In the last explanation is purpose of reading. The success of 28 Ibid. p. 225. 29 Harris, op. cit., pp. 207 —209. reading is determined by the aim of reading text material. The readers should establish their purpose before reading. More complete explanation proposed by Tony Buzan. He designs several factor should be avoided to help reader overcome reading comprehension difficulties, as follows: Good readers are they who are able to maximize the reading comprehension only if they avoid eleven factors they are : vocabulary difficulties, conceptual difficulty of the material, inappropriate speed, incorrect mental approach or set, poor organization, lack of interest, lack of motivation, wrong time for reading, poor health, Interference, and poor reading conditions. 30 First, vocabulary difficulties make a gap in understanding the material. Second, multiple concepts in reading material also contribute the difficulty in absorbing material. The third factor should be avoided is varying the speed when reading certain material reduces misunderstanding information. Next, the wrong mental set such as unnecessary argument about subject material interfere the readers ’ idea. Far more common problems is poor organization, for instance readers don’t have a pencil, notepaper; lack of interest often contribute to a lack of reading comprehension. Different problem come from lack of motivation. Seven is reading at wrong time of day. Further is poor physical health. Another factor is interference which can causes the low reading comprehension. The last factor is bad reading conditions. Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that there are several factors that may influence the success of reading comprehension process, they are: vocabulary difficulty, the wrong selection of material, environment factors, mental and physic factors, the wrong reading techniques and speed reading. All those factors should be avoided in order to gain successfulness on reading comprehension. 30 Buzan, op.cit., pp. 40 —45.