Laporan Kerja Praktek ABS
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CONTENTS
VALIDATION SHEET ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CONTENTS ... 2
PREFACE ... 7
LIST OF FIGURES ... 8
LIST OF TABLES ... 11
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 12
1.1 BACKGROUND ... 12
1.3 PURPOSE ... 13
1.4 SCHEDULE TIME ... 14
CHAPTER II COMPANY PROFILES ... 15
2.1 OUR MISSION ... 15
2.2 ABS WORLDWIDE LOCATION... 15
2.3 A BRIEF HISTORY ... 15
2.4 QUALITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ... 16
2.5 SAFETY, SERVICE, AND SOLUTIONS ... 16
2.6 REASON TO CLASS ... 16
2.7 CORE COMPETENCIES ... 18
2.8 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT ... 18
2.9 CLASSIFICATION PROCEDURE ... 18
2.10 STATUTORY SERVICES ... 19
CHAPTER III RESULT ... 20
A. UNDERSTANDING OF ABS RULES ... 20
3.1 WELDING AND FABRICATION ... 20
3.1.1 Preparation of Welding ... 20
3.1.2 Production Welding (Especially Preheat Process) ... 24
3.2 DEAD SHIP AND BLACKOUT ... 24
3.2.1 Dead Ship ... 24
3.2.2 Blackout ... 24
3.3 TESTING DURING CONSTRUCTION... 24
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B. SURVEY ACTIVITIES... 26
3.4 AIR TEST ... 26
3.4.1 Reference ... 26
3.4.2 Procedure of Testing ... 27
3.4.3 Result and Conclusion of Survey ... 28
3.5 VISUAL INSPECTION ... 28
3.5.1 Defenition ... 28
3.5.2 Procedure visual inspection ... 28
3.5.3 Result and Conclusion of Survey ... 29
3.6 UNDERWATER INSPECTION IN LIEU OF DRYDOCKING (UWILD) ... 30
3.6.1 Defenition and Purpose ... 30
3.6.2 References ... 30
3.6.3 Requirements ... 32
3.6.4 Equipments ... 33
3.6.5 Result and Conclusion of ... 34
3.7 HYDROSTATIC TEST FOR PIPE CLASS II ... 35
3.7.1 Defenition ... 35
3.7.2 Requirements ... 35
3.7.3 Procedures ... 35
3.7.4 Result and Conclusion of Survey ... 36
3.8 FIRE DAMPER ... 37
3.8.1 Defenition ... 37
3.8.2 Result and Conclusion of Survey ... 37
3.9 VACUUM BOX TESTING... 38
3.9.1 Reference ... 38
3.9.2 Procedure of Testing ... 38
3.9.3 Result and Conclusion of Survey ... 40
3.10 MARPOL ANNEX VI ABOUT PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION ... 41
3.10.1 Sulphur Oxides (SOx) ... 41
3.10.2 Fuel Oil Quality ... 42
3.10.3 Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) ... 42
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3.11 INSULATION ... 44
3.11.1 Reference ... 44
3.11.2 Type Of Insulation ... 44
3.11.3 The division of type insulation ... 45
3.11.4 Result and Conclusion of Survey ... 51
3.11.5 Pictures ... 53
3.12 LOAD LINE SURVEY ... 53
3.12.1 LL-11 D Form ... 53
3.12.2 Position Requirement ... 54
3.12.3 Air Pipes... 54
3.12.4 Hatchway ... 55
3.12.5 Ventilator ... 56
3.12.6 Sidescuttles, Window, and Skylights ... 57
3.12.7 Protection of Crew ... 58
3.12.8 Freeing Ports ... 59
3.12.9 Doorways ... 60
3.12.10 Machinery Space Openings ... 61
3.12.11 Deck Line ... 61
3.12.12 Load Line Mark ... 62
3.12.13 Scupper, Inlets, and Discharges ... 64
3.13. FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ... 65
3.13.1 Reference ... 65
3.13.2 Class Notation ... 65
3.13.3 Application ... 65
3.13.4 Fire Fighting Data ... 66
3.13.5 Minimum Requirement for Fire Fighting 1, 2, and 3 ... 66
3.13.6 Equipments ... 67
3.14 ANCHOR HANDLING AND TOWING ... 72
3.14.1 Reference ... 72
3.14.2 Application adn Notation ... 72
3.14.3 Submisson of Data ... 72
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3.15 RADIOGRAPHIC TEST ... 76
3.15.1 Reference ... 76
3.15.2 Purpose of Nondestructive Test ... 76
3.15.3 Defenition ... 76
3.15.4 Advantages and Disadvantages... 76
3.15.5 Radiography Testing Sketch ... 77
3.15.6 Time of Inspection ... 77
3.15.7 Surface Condition ... 77
3.15.8 Technique ... 77
3.15.9 Radiography Quality ... 78
3.15.10 Film Identification ... 78
3.15.11 Source to Film Distance ... 79
3.15.12 Film Length and Width ... 79
3.15.13 Image Quality Indicator (IQI) ... 79
3.15.14 Radiographic Film Interpration... 83
3.15.15 Report ... 84
3.15.16 Additional ... 85
3.15.17 Surface Vessel ... 85
3.15.18 Location of Radiographic Inspection ... 85
3.16 SEA TRIAL ... 86
3.16.1 General Data FLEX – 40SL (Flex Fighter) ... 86
3.16.2 Anchor Test ... 88
3.16.3 Streering Gear Test ... 89
3.16.4 Turning Circle ... 91
3.16.5 Crash Stop Test ... 93
3.16.6 Endurance ... 95
3.16.7 Speed Test ... 96
3.16.8 Noise Level Measurement ... 99
3.16.9 Water Monitor Check ... 101
3.17 HYDROSTATIC TEST OF PIPE CLASS I ... 102
3.17.1 Defenition ... 102
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3.17.3 Equipments and Function ... 102
3.17.4 Procedures ... 104
3.17.5 Result and Conclusion of Survey ... 105
3.18 DAVID LOAD TEST ... 106
3.18.1 David Load Test Details ... 106
3.18.2 Result and Conclusion of Survey ... 107
3.19 DAVID BRAKE TEST ... 107
3.19.1 David Brake Test Details ... 107
3.19.2 Result and Conclusion of Survey ... 109
3.20 HOSE TEST ... 109
3.20.1 Reference ... 109
3.20.2 Procedure of Testing ... 110
3.20.3 Result and Conclusion of Survey ... 110
3.21 BOLLARD PULL TEST... 111
3.21.1 Defenition ... 111
3.21.2 Reference Document ... 111
3.21.3 Equipments ... 111
3.21.3 Static Bollard Pull Test Requirement ... 112
3.21.5 Bollard Pull Procedure ... 116
3.21.6 Result and Conclusion of Survey ... 118
3.22 SPECIAL SURVEY FOR BARGE ... 119
3.22.1 Reference Document ... 119
3.22.2 Description ... 119
3.22.3 Brief of Rules ... 119
3.22.4 Result and Conclusion of Survey ... 120
CHAPTER IV CLOSING ... 121
4.1 Conclusion ... 121
4.2 Suggestion ... 121
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PREFACE
Alhamdulillahi Rabbil Alamin
A big thanks to Allah SWT with all blessing that i can complete my internship report
on time. And also didn’t forget to say thank for to The all people who make this report finished, those people are :
1. My lovely all family (especially my parents) because with out their help, advice, and pray that give me spirit.
2. My lectures, Ir. Hj. Rosmani, MT and Dr. Eng. Suandar Baso, ST, MT. Who not stop for giving me advice (science and knowledge).
3. My fellowship in Naval Architecture and Ship Building 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015. Because they are giving me always support for go ahead.
4. Finally, to all surveyor as guiding me during internship. I wish the knowledge their give me i can obsorb completetly and i can applicated if i enter the world of job. All surveyor have contributed and given their valuable evaluations, comments, and suggestions during the completion and accomplishing of this internship report.
This report was arrange based on the result that i get during my internship program and also based on the some references, such as ABS Rules, Statutory, and all course from the source thrustworthy. Hopefully, this internship report would give a positive contribution to the educational development or those who want to carry out further internship.
Batam, 28 August 2015 Internship Student
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 : Sketch of Case 1 ... 20
Figure 2 : Build Up Process ... 20
Figure 3 : Sketch of Case 2 ... 21
Figure 4 : Backing Strips ... 21
Figure 5 : Taper Process ... 22
Figure 6 : Run on and Run off Tabs ... 23
Figure 7 : U-Tube Process ... 27
Figure 8 : Read The Pressure by Pressure Gauge ... 27
Figure 9 : Spraying Soapy Water ... 28
Figure 10 : The Resul of Air Testing Process ... 28
Figure 11 : Prepare Drawing Approval Before Survey Onboard ... 29
Figure 12 : Missing Face Plate and Bracket ... 29
Figure 13 : Certificate of Compliance with UWILD Requirements ... 31
Figure 14 : Continuous - Certificate of Compliance with UWILD Requirements ... 32
Figure 15 : A Set Of Diving Equipments... 34
Figure 16 : Digital Video, Monitor, Communication Tool and Device Arrangement ... 34
Figure 17 : Shovel ... 34
Figure 18 : Surveyor Examine The Result Of Pre-Inspection ... 35
Figure 19 : Requirements of Hydrostatic Test For Pipe Class II ... 35
Figure 20 : The Circuit of Pipe During Hydrostatic Test ... 36
Figure 21 : Drawing Approval About Capacity Pressure of Pipe ... 36
Figure 22 : The Result of Hydrostatic Test ... 37
Figure 23 : Type of Fire Damper ... 37
Figure 24 : Installation of Fire Damper Onboard ... 38
Figure 25 : Vacuum Box ... 39
Figure 26 : Spraying the Soapy Water to Boundary SIM Joint ... 39
Figure 27 : Checking of Pressure Value ... 39
Figure 28 : Surveyor Examine the Leaks on SIM Joint ... 40
Figure 29 : Comment From Surveyor ... 40
Figure 30 : Back Gouging, Reweld, and Grindstone ... 40
Figure 31 : Return Vacuum Test Process After Reweld ... 41
Figure 32 : Test Report Laboratory of Fuel Oil Sample ... 41
Figure 33 : Receipt For Bunker Document and Samples Of The Fuel Stored On Board ... 42
Figure 34 : Refrigerant ... 43
Figure 35 : Continuous - Refrigerant ... 44
Figure 36 : Examine The Installation Of Insulation ... 52
Figure 37 : Insulation Before and After Installed Onboard ... 53
Figure 38 : LL-11D Form ... 54
Figure 39 : Position Requirements ... 54
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Figure 41 : Hatchwa and Hatchway Flush Type ... 56
Figure 42 : Ventilator ... 57
Figure 43 : Side Scuttles and Window ... 58
Figure 44 : Chain Guard With Stretching Tumbucklet (Left) and Chain Guard (Right ... 59
Figure 45 : Bulwark ... 59
Figure 46 : Freeing Ports... 59
Figure 47 : Minimum Required Door Sill Height ... 60
Figure 48 : Doors ... 61
Figure 49 : Deck Line ... 62
Figure 50 : Load Line Mark ... 62
Figure 51 : Load Line Mark on Sailing Ships And Lines To Be Used With This Mark ... 63
Figure 52 : The Size of Load Line Ring ... 64
Figure 53 : The Colour of Concurrent Load Line Mark Type ... 64
Figure 54 : Scupper ... 65
Figure 55 : Searchlights ... 67
Figure 56 : Air Recharging Compressor ... 68
Figure 57 : Fireman’s Outfit ... 69
Figure 58 : Hose Connection on Portside and Starboard ... 69
Figure 59 : Water Spray In Side Navigation and Top Deck ... 70
Figure 60 : Fifi Pump ... 71
Figure 61 : Water Monitor ... 72
Figure 62 : Water Monitor Check During Sea Trial ... 72
Figure 63 : Radiographic Test Sketch ... 77
Figure 64 : Film Identification ... 79
Figure 65 : Source to Film Distance ... 79
Figure 66 : Hole Type IQI ... 80
Figure 67 : Wire IQI ... 80
Figure 68 : ISO Wire IQI ... 81
Figure 69 : Location of IQI ... 83
Figure 70 : Situation of Viewing and Interpretaion Film Process ... 83
Figure 71 : The All Item on Radiographic Film ... 84
Figure 72 : Anchor Test Process ... 89
Figure 73 : Auxiliary Steering Gear Test (Left) and Rudder Angle Indicator (Right) ... 91
Figure 74 : Turning Circle Test ... 91
Figure 75 : Angle Indicator – Turning Circle Proccess ... 93
Figure 76 : Overview of Standards and Criteria Stopping Test ... 94
Figure 77 : Full Ahead – Netral – Full Astern ... 95
Figure 78 : Conditon of Water Temperature, Lubricant Oil Temperature ... 96
Figure 79 : During Speed Test At 100% MCR Position ... 99
Figure 80 : Noise Measurement in Galley With Using Noise Sound Level ... 101
Figure 81 : Water Monitor Check Process ... 101
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Figure 83 : Pressure Gauge ... 103
Figure 84 : Chart ... 103
Figure 85 : The Circuit of Pipe During Hydrostatic Test ... 104
Figure 86 : The Pressure on Chart ... 105
Figure 87 : The Complete Result of Testing ... 105
Figure 88 : Installation of All Equipments ... 106
Figure 89 : Installation Water Bag to David Construction ... 106
Figure 90 : Water Condition During The Test ... 107
Figure 91 : Take Out Water ... 107
Figure 92 : Installation Water Bag to David Construction ... 108
Figure 93 : Water Load Visible in Telemetry Indicator ... 108
Figure 94 : Water Bag After Bring Down, Left and Right ... 108
Figure 95 : The Time of Waterbag Lowering ... 109
Figure 96 : Take Out Water ... 109
Figure 97 : Presseure Value is 2 bar ... 110
Figure 98 : Hose Test On Wheelhouse Window and Hatchway ... 110
Figure 99 : The Result of Hose Test ... 111
Figure 100 : Telemetry Indicator, Bollard, Load Cell, Bow Bolt & Nut Shackle ... 112
Figure 101 : Load Cell Unit System Configuration ... 114
Figure 102 : Load Cell Certificate ... 115
Figure 103 : Installed Bollard Pull Equipment ... 115
Figure 104 : Vessel Draft ... 116
Figure 105 : Tank Capacity During Test ... 116
Figure 106 : Recommended Minimum Towline Length and Water Depth Under Keel ... 117
Figure 107 : Wire Connect To Towing (Left) and Wire Connect To Towing (Right) ... 117
Figure 108 : RPM Reading Process in Engine Room ... 117
Figure 109 : The Final Result of Bollard Pull Test ... 118
Figure 110 : Construction Condition Prospaq 27A ... 120
Figure 111 : Plating Condition Prospaq 27A ... 120 Figure 112 : Offshore Support Vessel RT. Kris 1712 GT ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 113 : Oil Prevention Certificate ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 114 : Oily Water Separator and Oil Control Monitoring ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 115 : International Shore Connection (ISC) for Oil Residue ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 : Relationship Between Structure To Be Tested and Type Of Testing ... 24
Table 2 : Standard Insulation on Bulkhead For Passenger Ship More Than 36 Passenger ... 45
Table 3 : Standard Insulation on Decks For Passenger Ship More Than 36 Passenger ... 46
Table 4 : Standard Insulation on Bulkhead For Passenger Ship Less Than 36 Passenger ... 46
Table 5 : Standard Insulation on Decks For Passenger Ship Less Than 36 Passenger ... 47
Table 6 : Standard Insulation on Bulkhead For Cargo Ship Except Tanker ... 47
Table 7 : Standard Insulation on Decks For Cargo Ship Except Tanker ... 48
Table 8 : Standard Insulation on Bulkhead For Tanker ... 49
Table 9 : Standard Insulation on Decks For Tanker ... 49
Table 10 : Standard Insulation on Bulkhead Cargo Ship Refers To Figure 35 ... 52
Table 11 : Minimum Requirements for Fire Fighting 1, 2, and 3 ... 66
Table 12 : Minimum Requrements for Water Capacity... 70
Table 13 : Arrangement For AHTS Equipments ... 74
Table 14 : Material and Inspection Method ... 77
Table 15 : Geometric Unsharpness ... 78
Table 16 : ASTM Wire IQI Designation, Wire Diameter and Wire Identity ... 80
Table 17 : ISO Wire IQI Designation, Wire Diameter and Wire Identity) ... 81
Table 18 : Hole Type IQI Selection ... 81
Table 19 : Wire IQI Selection ... 82
Table 20 : Tank Capacity ... 87
Table 21 : Tank Sounding ... 87
Table 22 : Official Sea Trial Condition ... 88
Table 23 : The Result of Survey ... 90
Table 24 : The Result of Turning Circle Test ... 92
Table 25: The Result of Stopping Test ... 95
Table 26 : The Result of Speed Test ... 98
Table 27 : Noise Criteria for Ships ... 100
Table 28 : The Result of Noise Measurement Test... 100
Table 29 : Structural Internal Requirements ... 119
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUNDIn the late globalization era, where the development of science and technology which are greatly improved, and the country which is still in development needs skilled employes who are capable in a specific field. This means that young generations who have the capability of science and technology are highly required. Therefore their skills can be used to compete in the international world in the future.
In 2015, with Asean Free Trade Area (AFTA) as well as the rapidly development about science and technology, occurring very tough competition, especially in the labor professionalism. It required skilled workers and experts in their respective fields to be able the complete in the competition.
University is one place to produce alumni. However, it is not easy as it is mentioned previously. It requires some efforts to produce alumni as workforce ready. In addition, university is a place where students will be trained and guided based on appropriate curriculum in order to produce the alumni as mentioned before.
University of Hasanuddin, one of biggest university in Indonesia and especially in Eastern Part of Indonesia, struggles to enhance the human resources, science and technology, and infrastructures for the students to develop engineering profession and support the development of the maritime industries. These are expected that the Naval Architecture Department belonged to Hasanuddin University will create skilled human resources. Therefore, in order to achieve that objective, the one of the ways is Internship for student in marine industry.
Internship is an obligated subject in our curriculum. This is expected to be able to improve knowledge and skill of student in marine engineering field. In addition, it also one
method to realize and harmonize student’s knowledge which is obtained in classroom.
To overcome the above, then we students of Naval Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty of Hasanuddin University, intens to conduct Internship at American Bureau of Shipping (ABS, Batam of Branch. American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) is the
world’s largest ship and offshore classification society and recognized advisor for the
maritime industry, a world-leading of software for managing risk and improving asset performance in the energy, process and maritime industry, and etc.
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American Bureau of Shipping participate and Responsible for the development of technology and science in the field of national and international maritime. Therefore, abs has the authority to issue certificates and important documents that should be owned by every ship to ensure the safety and feasibility of the ship. For to develop the scientific marine technology, American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) also participated to adapat create quality human resources. On that basis the Study Program S1 Naval Architecture Faculty of Engineering, University of Hasanuddin trying to students can do internship at the Society for 1 month.
1.2 PRINCIPAL IDEA
The principal idea of this Internship program on AMERICAN BUREAUOF SHIPPING, BATAM PORT are:
1. The aim of our national education is to improve Indonesian human who has religius faith to God, good and atractive personality, independent, strong, intelegent, creative, inovative, dedicated, professional, responsible and productive with a healty physic and spiritual.
2. Based on three regimen of University; Education, Research and Publicservant.
3. Hasanuddin University visionis to become acenter of excellence in human development, scientifically, technology, art and culture-based Indonesian Maritime Continent.
4. Hasanuddin University Makassar education programs to keep the relationship between society and Industry by means to improve the relevant of Education and Research quality. 5. Harmony is needed between education system in university and world of job.
1.3 PURPOSE
This internship is performed at company with the purposes as following :
1. To fulfill the credit semester (SKS) as required by the academic regulation in the Naval Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University.
2. Implementing the theory obtained at university to the real maritime industry.
3. To understand documenting compliance with standards (survey activities and reports, classification certificates).
4. To understand about survey and testing process in accordance with American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) Rules.
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6. Updating the informations and current of technology development in marine and shipbuilding industry.
1.4 SCHEDULE TIME
Internship course in AMERICAN BUREAUOF SHIPPING, BATAM PORT will begin in July 27th 2015 – August 27th 2015
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CHAPTER II COMPANY PROFILES
2.1 OUR MISSIONThe Mission of the American Bureau of Shipping is to serve the public interest as well as the needs of our clients by promoting the security of life, property and the natural environment primarily through the development and verification of standards for the design, construction and operational maintenance of marine-related facilities.
2.2 ABS WORLDWIDE LOCATION
2.3 A BRIEF HISTORY
FROM THE TIME IT WAS FIRST CHARTERED IN THE OF NEW YORK IN 1862,
ABS has been committed to the maritime industry and deeply involved in its technical development and the improvement of its safety standards. Born out of a need for industry
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Wooden Vessels, in 1870. When the era of wooden ships gave way to iron, ABS established standards for these structures, published as Rules for Survey and Classing of Iron Vessels. Similarly, when iron gave way to steel, ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels were established and published in 1890. These Steel Vessel Rules continue to be revised and published annually, embodying the service, experience and technological advancements accumulated since that first
2.4 QUALITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
It is the policy of the American Bureau of Shipping to be responsive to the individual and collective needs of our clients as well as those of the public at large, to provide quality services in support of our mission, and to provide our services consistent with international standards developed to avoid, reduce or control pollution to the environment. All of our client commitments, supporting actions, and services delivered must be recognized as expressions of Quality. We pledge to monitor our performance as an on-going activity and to strive for continuous improvement. We commit to operate consistent with applicable environmental legislation and regulations and to provide a framework for establishing and reviewing environmental objectives and targets.
2.5 SAFETY, SERVICE, AND SOLUTIONS
These three goals define the activities of ABS. They are the bedrock upon which our
commitment to set standards of excellence as one of the world’s leading ship classification
societies is founded. From its inception in 1862, setting safety standards for the marine industry has been the core commitment of ABS. This is achieved through the establishment and application of technical standards, known as Rules, for the design, construction and operational maintenance of ships and other marine structures. Classification is a process that certifies adherence to these Rules. From its World Headquarters in Houston, ABS delivers services and solutions to a worldwide client list through a network of local representative offices in 70 countries.
2.6 REASON TO CLASS 1. Enhanced Safety
The ultimate goal of classification is to promote the safety of the passengers, the crew, the cargo, the vessel and the environment in which it operates.
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As a measure of protection of their capital investment, financiers usually require that a vessel has been designed, built and maintained to appropriate classification standards.
3. Conformance With Underwriting Requirements
Classification signifies that a vessel complies with industry-developed standards. This is usually mandated by insurance underwriters.
4. Indication Of Due Diligence
Classification is one indication that the shipowner has exercised due diligence during the construction and service life of the vessel.
5. Indication Of Proper Maintenance
To remain in class, a vessel must undergo periodic surveys to verify that it is maintained to class standards and in conformance with the Rules.
6. Conformance With Statutory Requirements
In most nations the governing authorities have mandated that certain vessels entering into their registry be classed.
7. More Than A Century Of Experience
ABS has been in existence since 1862. It has a proven ability to meet the needs of the shipping industry. The ABS Rules incorporate the knowledge gathered from more than 140 years of operating experience and from the most advanced technological research.
8. Advanced Technological Capabilities
ABS has some of the most respected research and development resources in the marine industry, and is dedicated to providing greater understanding of marine design and construction.
9. A Network Of Regional Technical Offices
ABS technical staff are located in Busan, Genoa, Hamburg, Houston, London, Istanbul, New Orleans, New York, Piraeus, Rio de Janeiro, Shanghai, Singapore, Taipei and Yokohama, providing fast, local response to client needs.
10. A Network Of Field Surveyors
ABS is able to offer quick, professional, 24 hours a day – seven days a week, multilingual survey services to clients around the world from an impressive network of more than 170 offices in 70 countries.
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Many flag States require vessels on their register to be classed with one of a selected number of approved classification societies. ABS is recognized by every major flag State. The ABS Classification Rules address many of the standards relating to overall strength, stability, machinery, safety equipment and pollution prevention contained in the statutory regulations of those flag States. By classing with ABS, these particular areas of the overall design could also meet national authority requirements.
2.7 CORE COMPETENCIES
Our engineers offer a spectrum of skills from naval architecture to hydrodynamics to ergonomics. Our marine surveyors bring experience and professional judgment to their task of assessing the compliance of a vessel or structure with the ABS Rules and relevant statutory regulations throughout its life, from drawing board to scrapyard. Our auditors specialize in management and security systems, particularly those conforming to the International Safety Management (ISM) and International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Codes. Backing these field representatives is an unequivocal commitment to research and development. Our Technology Department is recognized as a leader of technical innovation in the marine and offshore sectors.
2.8 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
All funds generated from fees for classification services are used solely for the performance of such services, and any surplus of receipts in any one year is used for the extension and improvement of such services, including research and development. Management responsibilities are vested in the Board of Directors the members of which are selected for their broad experience of the maritime, offshore and insurance industries, and the Council, chosen from the more than 800 Members of ABS. This membership is drawn from persons considered to be eminent within their maritime field of endeavor, principally shipowners, shipbuilders, naval architects, marine engineers, marine underwriters and government representatives.
2.9 CLASSIFICATION PROCEDURE
Classification is a procedure involving:
the development of standards, known as Rules
technical plan review and design analysis
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source inspection of materials, equipment and machinery
acceptance by the Classification CommitteD
subsequent periodic surveys for maintenance of class
survey of damage, repairs and modifications
2.10 STATUTORY SERVICES
More Than 100 Governments Have Recognizedthe Professional Integrity And Experience Of Abs by authorizing the classification society to act as a Recognized Organization (RO) or Recognized Security Organization (RSO). These duties include the conduct of surveys and the issuance of certificates in accordance with various international and national maritime Conventions and Codes, such as Load Line, Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), Tonnage, Marine Pollution (MARPOL), ISM Code and the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code. These governments have recognized that ABS possesses a global network of exclusive, qualified surveyors and extensive resources in manpower and technology to conduct the technical reviews, audits and surveys necessary to fulfill the various Convention requirements. These activities have given ABS a comprehensive knowledge of national and international maritime regulations. It is able to draw on this knowledge in advising clients on how best to meet the documentation needs and accurately apply the criteria
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CHAPTER III RESULT
A. UNDERSTANDING OF ABS RULES
3.1WELDING AND FABRICATION 3.1.1 Preparation of Welding
1. Edge Preparation
The surveyor may accept a welding procedure for build up of each edge that does not exceed one half the thickness of the member or 12,5 mm (0,5 inchi), whichever is the lesser.
Case 1
Thickness base metal (t) = 12 mm
Welding gap = 5 mm ( So, maximum welding gap requirement is 3 mm )
Figure 1 : Sketch of Case 1
Procedure Build Up : t x 0,5 : 12 x 0,5
: 6 mm compare with 12,5 (Choose whichever is the lesser) : 6 mm < 12,5 mm ( Build Up Requirement)
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Case 2
Thickness base metal (t) = 30 mm
Welding gap = 16 mm ( So, maximum welding gap requirement is 3 mm )
Figure 3 : Sketch of Case 2
Procedure Build Up : t x 0,5 : 30 x 0,5
: 15mm compare with 12,5 (Choose whichever is the lesser) : 12,5 mm ( Can Not Build Up )
Solution of above problem, Rules with No. 47 IACS Shipbuilding and Repair Quality Standard For New Contruction and For Existing may be applied.
When 5 mm < Gap 16 mm
Build up gap with welding on one or both sides of preparation, with possible use of backing strip as necessary, to maximum 16 mm.
When 16 mm < Gap < 25 mm
Welding up with edge preparation or partly renew welding. When Gap > 25 mm
An insert plate, of minimum width 300 mm, to be welded in place.
According the above rules, the case 2 may be applied Backing Strips (See Figure 4)
Figure 4 : Backing Strips
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before the members are welded together. Where plates to be joined different in thickness and have an offset on either side of more than 3 mm (1/8 in.), a suitable transition taper is to be provided.
For the transverse butts in bottom shell, sheer strake, and strength deck plating within the midship portion of the hull, and other joints which may be subject to comparatively high stresses, the transition taper length is to be not less than three times the offset. The following of taper procedure are (Figure 5) :
1. Determine the difference thickness of the two plates to be at joint. See Figure A. T = 7 mm – 5 mm = 2 mm
2. Determine the taper length (L). Based on the rules ABS (Point 2), taper length is 3 x T = 6 mm. See Figure B
3. Later, the difference between the plate thickness associated eith the length of taper. Eventually, cutting the plates as shown C.
Figure 5 : Taper Process
2. Run-on and Run-off Tabs
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1. To minimize the possibility of high-stress concentrations and base-metal and weld-metal cracking.
2. The result of welding can be neat
3. Stability of welding process can be maintained. Because run-on and run-off tabs will be to bind the both plates before continues welding (joint)
Figure 6 : Run on and Run off Tabs
3. Cleanliness.
All surfaces to be welded are to be free from moisture, grease, loose mill scale, excessive rust or paint. Primer coatings of ordinary thickness, thin coatings of linseed oil, or equivalent coatings may be used, provided it is demonstrated that their use has no adverse effect in the production of satisfactory welds. Slag and scale are to be removed not only from the edges to be welded but also from each pass or layer before the deposition of subsequent passes or layers. Weld joints prepared by arc-air gouging may require additional preparation by grinding or chipping and wire brushing prior to welding to minimize the possibility of excessive carbon on the scarfed surfaces. Compliance with these cleanliness requirements is of prime importance in the welding of higher-strength steels, especially those which are quenched and tempered.
4. Tack Weld
Tack weld is similar with intermitten welding. The fungtion of tack weld is to position and to lock with temporary two plates before joint with continues welding. The several requirement for tack weld process are :
1. To made with the same grade of filler metal
2. To need be removed, if after examination to be thoroughly clean and free from crack or other crack.
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3. Preheat may be necessary prior to tack welding when the materials to be joined are highly restrained. Special consideration is to be given to use the same preheat as specified in the welding procedure when tack welding higher-strength steels.
3.1.2 Production Welding (Especially Preheat Process)
Preheat is giving heat before welding process plates. In all cases, preheat and interpass temperature control are to be sufficient to maintain dry surfaces and minimize the possibility of the formation of fractures. The preheat requirements is :
1. When welding is performed under high humidity conditions or when the temperature of steel is below 0°C (32°F), the base metal is to be preheated to at least 16°C (60°F) or temperature appropriate to the alloy and the thickness, whichever is higher.
2. When preheat is used, the preheat and interpass temperatures are to be in accordance with the accepted welding procedure and to the satisfaction of the Surveyor.
3.2 DEAD SHIP AND BLACKOUT 3.2.1 Dead Ship
a. The main propulsion plant, boilers, and auxiliary machinery are not in operation due to the loss of the main source of electrical power
b. In restoring propulsion, the stored energy for starting the propulsion plant, the main source of electrical power and other essential auxiliary machinery is assummed to not be available.
3.2.2 Blackout
Blackout situation means the loss of the main source of electrical power resulting in the main and auxiliary machinery to be out of operation.
3.3 TESTING DURING CONSTRUCTION 3.3.1 Type of Testing
Table 1 : Relationship Between Structure To Be Tested and Type Of Testing
No Structure To Be Tested Type Of
Testing Hydrostatic Testing Head Or Presure
1 Double Bottom Tanks Leak and structural
The greater of
- to the top of overflow, - to 2,4 m above top of tank, or - to the bulkhead deck
(25)
2 Double Side Tanks Structural (1,2)
The greater of
- To the top of overflow, or - To 2.4 m (8 ft) above top of tank
(3)
3
Deep Tanks or Cargo Oil
Tanks Structural
(1,2) The greater of
- To the top of overflow, or To 2.4 m (8 ft) above top of tank (3) - To the top of tank (3) plus setting of
any pressure relief valve. Fuel Oil Bunkers Structural
4 Ballast Hold of Bulk
Carries Structural
(1)
The greater of
- To the top of overflow, or
- To 0.9 m (3 ft) above top of hatch coaming (3)
5a Peak Tanks Structural
The greater of
- To the top of overflow, or To 2.4 m (8 ft) above top of tank (3) 5b Fore Peak Voids (collision
bulkhead) See Note 4 See Note 4
5c After Peak Voids Air
6 Cofferdams Structural (5)
The greater of
- To the top of overflow, or - To 2.4 m (8 ft) above top of tank
(3)
7 Watertight Bulkhead Hose(6) 8
Watertight Doors Below Freeboard or Bulkhead Deck
Hose
9 Double Plate Rudder Air
10 Shaft Tunnel Clear of
Deep Tanks Hose
11 Shell Doors Hose
12
Watertight Hatch Covers of Tanks on Combination Carriers
Structural (1,2)
The greater of
- To 2.4 m (8 ft) above top of hatch cover, or
- Setting pressure of the pressure relief valve
13
Weathertight Hatch Covers, Doors and other Closing Appliances
Hose (6)
14a Chain Locker and Chain
(26)
bulkhead) 14b
Chain Locker and Chain Pipe (fwd of collision bulkhead)
Structural (7)
15 Independent Tanks Structural
The greater of
- To the top of overflow, or - To 0.9 m (3 ft) above top of tank 16 Ballast Ducts Structural
Ballast pump maximum pressure or setting of any relief valve for the ballast duct if that is less.
17 Hawse Pipe Hose
3.3.2 Application of Coating
1. Final couting may be applied prior to the hydrostatic testing and after the application of air testing.
2. For all manual or semi-automatic erection weld and fillet weld tank boundary connections including penetration, final coating is to be applied after air testing.
3. For other weld, final coating may be applied before after testing, provided the Surveyor, after examination prior to the application of coating, is satisfied with weld.
B. SURVEY ACTIVITIES
3.4 AIR TEST 3.4.1 Reference
Based on ABS Rules 3-7-1/1.2, 3-7-1/5.5 and 3-7-3/7.1
1. Definition and Purpose : Air testing is one of the leak testing for to verify and checked tightness of the structure such as all boundary welds, erection joint, and penentration including pipe connection.
2. Method : by using air pressure
3. Details of Testing : (1) Pressure value is 0.15 bar (0.15 kgf/cm2, 2.2 psi). But, It is recommended that the air pressure in the tank be raised to and maintained at 0.20 bar (0.20 kgf/cm2, 2.9 psi) for approximately one hour, with a minimum number of personnel around the tank, before being lowered to the test pressure. (2) U-tube with a height sufficient to hold a head of water corresponding to the required test pressure is to be arranged. the cross sectional area of the u-tube is to be not less than that of the pipe supplying air. In addition to the U-tube, a master gauge or other approved means is to be
(27)
provided to verify the pressure. (3) Air testing must to be applied before painting and final coating.
4. Other Methode Testing : compressed air fillet weld testing or vacuum testing 3.4.2 Procedure of Testing
1. To lose down tank or compartment will to be tested
2. Install the all equipment testing such as pressure gauge and U-tube on the tank cover (manhole). Beside that, prepare also soap liquid. For the height of U-tube minimum 2,03 m. Intended use of the U - tube is for safety . That is, for testing in areas that have a high temperature such as the engine room , which contains the compressed air tank could explode . For these conditions , the water pressure in the tank will push the water out of the U - tube
Figure 7 : U-Tube Process
3. Provide the pressure in accordance with ABS Rules ( see at pressure gauge)
Figure 8 : Read The Pressure by Pressure Gauge
4. Wait at least 1 (one) hour.
(28)
Figure 9 : Spraying Soapy Water
6. Checked for leaks on the SIM Joint. Leakage is characterized by the appearance of bubbles in the soapy water.
7. For to ensure the real leak, we must to spray soap liquid again to boundary SIM joint welding the suspected leak and checked again.
3.4.3 Result and Conclusion of Survey
During air test on WB / DW Tank No. 9 (P), not found leak on SIM Joint and construction is accept.
Figure 10 : The Resul of Air Testing Process
3.5 VISUAL INSPECTION 3.5.1 Defenition
Visual inspection is checking process for to ensure the compliance of structure in drawing with the actual (installed onboard)
3.5.2 Procedure visual inspection
1. QC Inspector submit the request to surveyor to obtain RFI (Request For Inspection). RFI is a guide of survey because it contains survey time and items to be surveyed.
(29)
2. Based on RFI, surveyor prepare and learning more specific approval drawing.
3. Surveyor come on board and to checked compliance of structure in drawing with the actual (installed on the ship)
4. Write the comment on the inspection result 3.5.3 Result and Conclusion of Survey
1. Foundation of Azimuth Thruster (Drawing 40448 – 283 - 012) missing face plate on the bracket. Based on drawing, web shall be W16 + 200 x 20 FF. But actual only used W16 + 200 x 14 FF and contruction is reject and must be changed.
2. Missing bracket on pillar at bottom position and contruction is reject and must be changed.
(30)
3.6 UNDERWATER INSPECTION IN LIEU OF DRYDOCKING (UWILD) 3.6.1 Defenition and Purpose
Underwater Inspection in Lieu of Drydocking (UWILD) is one of suvey type as alternate drydocking survey with conducted underwater survey with to use some equipment for to display the result of inspection.
Now, the problem with drydocking is that is very expensive and time consuming (especially if the ship just want to do an annual and intermediate survey). Beside that, with the large number of commercial vessel operating today, drydocking facilities woefully inadequate. Therefore, the UWILD process was developed in response to these problems. 3.6.2 References
Based on ABS Rules 7-A-2 about UWILD, Approval Procedure For UWILD Class Notation
Request for UWILD Notation (by Owner/Operator)
Prepation and Submisson of plans to in ABS Engineering office as required
Initial survey of underwater hull markings and other means of orienting the diver during new contruction or an out water
drydocking (Existng Vessel)
Issue Certificate of compliance with UWILD requirement
(31)
(32)
Figure 14 : Continuous - Certificate of Compliance with UWILD Requirements
3.6.3 Requirements 1. General
a) Vessel less than 15 years of age
b) All request for Underwater Inspection in Lieu of Drydocking Survey are to be
forwarded to the applicable ABS Divisional Assistant Chief Surveyor’s Office for
review and authorization.
c) Underwater inspection is to be carried out by a qualified diver under the surveillance of the attending Surveyor. The diver is to be employed by a firm approved by the the Bureau as a service supplier.
d) The surveyor is to be satisfed with the method of pictorial representation, and a good two-way communication between the Surveyor and divers is to be provided
e) If the Underwater Inspection reveals damage or deterioration that requires further attention, the surveyor may require that the vessel be drydocked in order to undertake a detailed survey and necessary repairs
2. Condition
a) Where possible, the underwater examination should be carried out in protected water, preferably with the weak tidak stream and current.
b) The in water visibility and the cleanliness of the hull below the waterline is to be clear enough to permit a meaningful examination which allows the surveyor and in-water survey to determine the condition of the plating, appendages and the welding. Additional cleaning may be necessary. Overal or spot cleaning may be required at the discretion of the attending surveyor.
c) UWILD may not be applicable if there are outstanding recommendations for repairs to propeller, rudder, stern frame, underwater structure, or sea valves. It may also be inapplicable if damage affecting the fitness of the vessel is found during the course of the survey.
d) Underwater or internal thickness measurements of suspect areas may be required in conjunction with the underwater inspection. Means for underwater nondestructive testing may also be required for fracture detection.
3. Procedures a) Exposed Areas
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An examination of the outside of the shell plating above the waterline and exposed portions of appendages (such as propeller, rudder and rudder bearings) is to be carried out by the attending Surveyor. Means are to be provided to enable the Surveyor to accomplish this visual inspection.
b) Underwater Areas
Items that must be recorded on the tape/photograph include but are not limited to: 1) Vessel’s draft
2) Time at which dive commences 3) Point of commencement
4) Time viewed
5) Condition of hull marking 6) Random areas of plating 7) All sea chest
8) All inlets and discharges 9) Rudder
10) Pintles 11) Propeller
12) Timeand point of completion of the dive
The above examination is to be supplemented by the diver’s report describing and
attesting to the conditions found. A copy of this report and pertinent photographs are to be submitted to the attending Surveyor. Copies are also to be retained onboard.
c) Damage Areas
Damage and corrosion areas are to be taped/photographed. Internal examination or thickness gauging of such locations may be necessary, as determined by the attending Surveyor.
3.6.4 Equipments
1. A set of diving equipments including of swimming wearing, swimming goggles, oxygen tube, etc. For UWILD process, takes 3 divers. The first diver for to hold and direct the camera according command from the operator. The second diver for to clean the surface of bottom plating if according surveyor that areas not clear. The third divers for safety if suddenly one of the divers had cramps, oxygen is over (without oxygen), and etc
(34)
Figure 15 : A Set Of Diving Equipments
2. Closed-circuit television including monitor, digital video, communication tool and device arrangement
Figure 16: Digital Video, Monitor, Communication Tool and Device Arrangement
3. Shovel is used for to cleaning the surface of bottom plating from the shell and other fouling.
Figure 17 : Shovel
4. Underwater camera is used to look condition of the hull in the water. 3.6.5 Result and Conclusion of Survey
Before doing Underwater Inspection in Lieu of Drydocking (UWILD), Surveyor to ensure water visibility is clear and clean. After that, Surveyor to ensure the surface of bottom plating free fouling (minimum corrosian, damage, distorsion of plating visibel). This process
(35)
Based on the result of Pre-Inspection, the underwater condition is clear, but the surface of bottom plating can not be access because fouling so much and thick. After that, Surveyor comment for to clean up first.
Figure 18 : Surveyor Examine The Result Of Pre-Inspection
3.7 HYDROSTATIC TEST FOR PIPE CLASS II 3.7.1 Defenition
Hydrostatic test is a test to verify the structural adequacy of the design and the tightness of the pipe structure by means of water pressure.
3.7.2 Requirements
Based on ABS Rules 4-6-2/7.3 about Hydrostatic Test For Pipe Class II
Figure 19 : Requirements of Hydrostatic Test For Pipe Class II
3.7.3 Procedures
1. Determine the pipeline that will be tested. Generally, we take pipeline from a both of blind flange.
(36)
Figure 20 : The Circuit of Pipe During Hydrostatic Test
3. Pump for to provide pressure. Capacity pressure reference there is in the drawing approval.
Figure 21 : Drawing Approval About Capacity Pressure of Pipe
4. Wait for see the result (minimum 1 (one) hour). If the pipe is able to withstand the pressure exerted, the pipe structure will not be changed (example bent and leak)
3.7.4 Result and Conclusion of Survey
From the result visual inpection of Hydrostatic Test, not found changes in the pipe structure. Beside that, because there is no pressure changes during the test, it is certain that there are no leaks in the pipe.
(37)
Figure 22 : The Result of Hydrostatic Test
3.8 FIRE DAMPER 3.8.1 Defenition
Fire damper is one of equipment installed onboard (in the ventilation network) to anticipate the development of fire. In case of fire, the crew can pull rope string (labeled closed) on the fire damper. Then, cover the fire damper is closed and so that the air flow into the room can be stopped. Finally, the development of the fire can be minimized
3.8.2 Result and Conclusion of Survey
The all fire damper is good condition because can good opened and closed. So, the all fire damper can be installed onboard.
(38)
Figure 24 : Installation of Fire Damper Onboard
3.9 VACUUM BOX TESTING 3.9.1 Reference
Based on ABS Rules 3-7-1/5.11
1. Definition and Purpose : Vacuum Box Testing is a test to detect any leaks on the structure. A box over a joint with leak indicating solution applied on the fillet or full penetration welds.
2. Method : by using air pressure
3. Details of Testing : (1) The air within the box is removed by an ejector to create a vacuum of 0.20 bar (0.20 kgf/cm2, 2.9 psi) – 0,26 bar (0.27 kgf/cm2, 3.8 psi) inside the box. (2) Vacuum must to be applied before final coating.
4. Other Methode Testing : Air Testing. But for the deep tank, vacuum test is better effective than air testing.
3.9.2 Procedure of Testing
(39)
Figure 25 : Vacuum Box
2. To spray the soapy water to every boundary SIM joint. A vacuum boxer with one of side opened and other side to made of glass will be affixed to every boundary SIM Joint that has been sprayed with soapy water before.
Figure 26 : Spraying the Soapy Water to Boundary SIM Joint
3. Later, the air inside the vacuum boxer sucked by the pump. The air pressure is sucked by
the pump in accordance with ABS Rules (see at pressure gauge). Minus sign indicates if the air was inhaled.
(40)
4. The air pressure in the box become lower than before, and the air in the compartment (tank) higher pressure will be move toward vacuum boxer.
5. Surveyor will to checked for leaks on the SIM Joint. Leak characterized by the appearance of bubbles in the soapy water.
Figure 28 : Surveyor Examine the Leaks on SIM Joint
6. For to ensure the real leak, we must to spray soapy water again to boundary SIM joint welding the suspected leak and check again.
3.9.3 Result and Conclusion of Survey
During the vacuum test process, Surveyor discovered a leak point on boundary SIM joint. Then, Surveyor asked to shipyard workers for to do reweld and UT (Ultrasonic Test). Before reweld, boundary SIM joint of the leak must be back gouging grindstone reweld grindstone. Finally, Surveyor doing vacuum test again especially for the leak point.
(41)
Figure 31 : Return Vacuum Test Process After Reweld
3.10 MARPOL ANNEX VI ABOUT PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION 3.10.1 Sulphur Oxides (SOx)
1. Sulphur content of any fuel oil used on board ships shall not exceed 4.5% mm
2. Requirements for within SOx emission control area (example : Baltic Sea), sulphur content not exceed 1,5 % mm
(42)
3.10.2 Fuel Oil Quality
1. Fuel Oil requirement that the content of SOx and NOx in accordance with the previous rules, it does not contain inorganic, are not harmful to the ship and personnel, and does not cause pollution
2. Not applicable for solid coal and nuclear fuel
3. A certificate of bunker and fuel oil samples are kept on board
Figure 33 : Receipt For Bunker Document and Samples Of The Fuel Stored On Board
3.10.3 Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
1. NOx is a generic term for the mono-nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 (nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide). NOx should not be confused with nitrous oxide (N2O), which is a greenhouse gas and has many uses as an oxidizer, an anaesthetic and a food additive. NOx is formed from the endothermic reaction of nitrogen and oxygen gases in the air during combustion, especially at high temperatures, during the combustion of oil, coal or gas.
2. This regulation does not apply to emergency diesel engines, engines installed in lifeboats and any device or equipment intended to be used solely in case of emergency; and
3. This regulation shall apply to :
a. Each diesel engine with a power output of more than 130 kW which is installed on a ship constructed on or after 1 January 2000; and
b. Each diesel engine with a power output of more than 130 kW which undergoes a major conversion on or after 1 January 2000.
(43)
The operation of each diesel engine to which this regulation applies is prohibited, except when the emission of nitrogen oxides (calculated as the total weighted emission of NO2) from the engine is within the following limits:
a. 17.0 g/kW h when n is less than 130 rpm
b. 45.06 n–0.2 g/kW h when n is 130 or more but less than 2000 rpm c. 9.8 g/kW h when n is 2000 rpm or more
where n = rated engine speed (crankshaft revolutions perminute). 3.10.4 Ozone Depleting Substances
Purpose : to prevent the use of refrigerant that can damage or diluting the ozone layer
Figure 34 : Refrigerant
Ozone Substances
NODS
HFCs
R134A, R32, R125, R245CA
HFCs azeotropic
R507
HFCs approach azeotropic R404A , R407B
ODS
Halon or BFCs
R13B1, R12B1, R1211, R1301,
R2402
CFC
R11, R12, R113, R114, R115
HCFCs
(44)
Figure 35 : Continuous - Refrigerant
3.11 INSULATION 3.11.1 Reference
Base on SOLAS Part I Chapter II about Construction – Fire protection, fire detection, and fire extinction
3.11.2 Type Of Insulation 1. “A” Class Division
Requirements :
1. They are contructed of steel or other equivalent material 2. For bulkhead and deck
3. They are suitably stiffened
4. They are insulated with approved non-combustible materials such that the average temperature of the unexposed side will not rise more than 1400 C above the original temperature, nor will the temperature, at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 1800 C above the original, within time listed below :
Class “A-60” 60 min
Class “A-30” 30 min
Class “A-15” 15 min
Class “A-0” 0 min
2. “B” Class Division Requirements :
1. They are constructed of approved non-combustible materials and all materials used in the construction and erection of " B " class divisions are non-combustible, with the
(45)
exception that combustible veneers may be permitted provided they meet other appropriate requirements of this chapter
2. They are insulated with approved non-combustible materials such that the average temperature of the unexposed side will not rise more than 1400 C above the original temperature, nor will the temperature, at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 2250 C above the original, within time listed below :
Class “B-15” 15 min
Class “B-0” 0 min
3. “C” Class Division
"C" class divisions are divisions constructed of approved non-combustible materials. They need meet neither requirements relative to the passage of smoke and flame nor limitations relative to the temperature rise. Combustible veneers are permitted provided they meet the requirements of this chapter.
3.11.3 The division of type insulation
Installation of insulation on each adjacent rooms on the ship (bulkhead or deck) is depend on the type of the ship. Based on the SOLAS Chapter II-2 regulatio 9, type of vessel is divided in 3 (three) :
1. Passenger Ship
A passenger ship is a ship which carries more than twelve passengers. Type of insulation divided in 2 (two) :
In ships carrying more than 36 passengers (Table 2 – Table 3)
Table 2: Standard Insulation on Bulkhead For Passenger Ship More Than 36
(46)
Table 3 : Standard Insulation on Decks For Passenger Ship More Than 36 Passenger
In ships carrying less than 36 passengers (Table 4 – Table 5)
(47)
Table 5 : Standard Insulation on Decks For Passenger Ship Less Than 36 Passenger
2. Cargo Ship Except Tanker
Cargo ship is any ship which is not a passenger ship (Table 6 – Table 7)
(48)
Table 7 : Standard Insulation on Decks For Cargo Ship Except Tanker
(49)
A tanker is a cargo ship constructed or adapted for the carriage in bulk of liquid cargoes of an inflammable nature (Table 8 – Table 9)
Table 8 : Standard Insulation on Bulkhead For Tanker
Table 9 : Standard Insulation on Decks For Tanker
(1) Control Station
Spaces containing emergency sources of power and lighting. Wheelhouse and chartroom.
(50)
Control room for propulsion machinery when located outside the machinery space. Spaces containing centralized fire alarm equipment.
(2) Corridors
Corridors and lobbies. (3) Accommodation spaces
Accommodation spaces are those spaces used for public spaces, corridors, lavatories, cabins, offices, hospitals, cinemas, game and hobby rooms, barber shops, pantries containing no cooking appliances and similar spaces.
(4) Stairways
Interior stairway, lifts, totally enclosed emergency escape trunks, and escalators (other thanthose wholly contained within the machinery spaces) and enclosures thereto. In this connection, a stairway which is enclosed only at one level shall be regarded as part of the space from which it is not separated by a fire door.
(5) Service spaces (low risk)
Lockers and store-rooms not having provisions for the storage of flammable liquids and having areas less than 4 m2 and drying rooms and laundries.
(6) Machinery spaces of category A
Machinery spaces of category A are those spaces and trunks to such spaces which contain either :
Internal combustion machinery used for main propulsion;
Internal combustion machinery used for purposes other than main propulsion where such machinery has in the aggregate a total power output of not less than 375 kW; or
any oil-fired boiler or oil fuel unit, or any oil-fired equipment other than boilers, such as inert gas generators, incinerators, etc.
(7) Other machinery spaces
Electrical equipment rooms (auto-telephone exchange, air-conditioning duct spaces). Spaces as defined in regulation 3.30, excluding machinery spaces of category A. Machinery spaces are machinery spaces of category A and other spaces containing propulsion machinery, boilers, oil fuel units, steam and internal combustion engines, generators and major electrical machinery, oil filling stations, refrigerating, stabilizing, ventilation and air conditioning machinery, and similar spaces, and trunks to such spaces.
(51)
(8) Cargo pump – rooms
Spaces containing cargo pumps and entrances and trunks to such spaces. (9) Service spaces (high risk)
Galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, saunas, paint lockers and store-rooms having areas of 4 m2 or more, spaces for the storage of flammable liquids, and workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces.
(10) Open decks
Open deck spaces and enclosed promenades having little or no fire risk. To be considered in this category, enclosed promenades shall have no significant fire risk, meaning that furnishings shall be restricted to deck furniture. In addition, such spaces shall be naturally ventilated by permanent openings. Air spaces (the space outside superstructures and deckhouses).
3.11.4 Result and Conclusion of Survey
The all OSV at Marcopolo Shipyard which are currently still in progress was designed under SPS Code 2008_MSC 266(82) and the total crews are 36 persons, then table 9.5 and 9.6 of SOLAS II-2/Reg. 9 is applied based on SPS Code/Chapter 6 for structural fire protection drawing approval process and survey reference.
CHAPTER 6 FIRE PROTECTION
6.1 For ships carrying more than 240 person on board, the requirements of chapter II-2of SOLAS for passenger ship carrying more than 36 passenger should be applied (9.1 dan 9.2) 6.2 For ship carrying more than 60 (but not more than 240) persons on board, the requirements of chapter II-2 of SOLAS for passenger ship carrying not more than 36 passengers should be applied. (9.3 dan 9.4)
6.3 For ships carrying not more than 60 persons on board, the requirements of chapter II-2 of SOLAS for cargo ships should be applied (9.5 dan 9.6)
(52)
Figure 36 : Examine The Relationship Between The Installation Of Insulation Between Drawing Approval With SOLAS Chapter 2
: Galley ( Position 9, High Risk)
: Mess (Position 3, Accomodation Space)
Based on Table 9.5 about bulkhead adjacent space, between galley and mess fixed insulation type A-0.
(53)
3.11.5 Pictures
Figure 37 : Insulation Before and After Installed Onboard
3.12 LOAD LINE SURVEY 3.12.1 LL-11 D Form
1. LL-11D form refers to International Convention of Load Line 1966
2. The purpose of LL-11D is a form that will be display the condition of the vessel as built or as convert. Especially about load line item.
3. The surveyor will be complete and forward two copies of the form to the Engineering Review Office that is to issue load line assignment to the vessel
4. Surveyor is to place a copy of the LL 11-D on board the vessel (before issuing the provisional load line certificate
5. If questions arise as to any interpretation of requirements, advice can be obtained from the Engineering Review Office
(54)
Figure 38 : LL-11D Form
3.12.2 Position Requirement
Base on Load Line Techinical Manual Chapter III
Two positions are defined assesing the arrangement of hatchways doors and ventilators
Position 1
Upon exposed freeboard and raised quarter decks, and upon exposed superstructure decks situated forward of a point located a quarter of the vessel's length from the forward perpendicular
Position 2
Upon exposed superstructure decks situated abaft a quarter of the vessel's length from the forward perpendicular
Figure 39 : Position Requirements
3.12.3 Air Pipes
Base on International Load Line Convention 1966 (ILCC) Edition 2005 Regulation 20
Requirements :
1. Position : Where air pipes to ballast and other tanks extend above freeboard or superstructure decks.
2. Height from the deck to the point where water may have acces to below :
760 mm (30 inches) on the freeboard
450 mm (17 ½ inches) on the superstructure deck.
3. Air pipes shall be provided with automatic closing devices
4. Pressure vacuum valves (PV Valves) may be accpeted on tankers.
(55)
a) Vent head with float ball
b) Vent head with float ball and wire gauze mesh c) Vent head with float ball and insect scree d) Goose neck type
2. Surveyor also should be to record about pipe dimension and number fitted
Figure 40 : Air Pipes
3.12.4 Hatchway
Base on International Load Line Convention 1966 (ILCC) Edition 2005 Regulation 15 and 16
Requirements :
1. Height of coaming shall be at least : 600 mm if in position 1 450 mm if in position 2
2. The width of each bearing surface for hatchway covers shall be at least 65 mm
3. Hatchway covers must be made from mild steel or other equivalent material, especially about the strength material. Thickness of hatchway covers not less than 1% of thes spacing of stiffeners or 6 mm, if that be greater. In additional, hatchway covers must weathertight.
(56)
Figure 41 : Hatchwa and Hatchway Flush Type
3.12.5 Ventilator
Base on International Load Line Convention 1966 (ILCC) Edition 2005 Regulation 19
Requirements :
1. Ventilator in position 1 or 2 spaces below freeboard decks or decks of enclosed superstructures shall have coamings of steel or other equivalent material.
2. Height of Coaming Above deck to the point where water may have acces to below :
900 mm (35 ½ inches) if in position 1 760 mm (30 inches) if in position 2
3. Ventilators in position 1 the coamings of which extend to more than 4,5 m above the deck, and in position 2 the coamings of which extend to more than 2,3 m above the deck,
need not be fitted with closing arrangement.
4. Ventilator openings shall be provided with weathertight closing appliances. In ships of not more than 100 m in length the closing appliances shall be permanently attached Additional :
Surveyor also should be to record about coaming (dimension and height), number fitted, and closing appliances.
(57)
Figure 42 : Ventilator
3.12.6 Sidescuttles, Window, and Skylights
Base on International Load Line Convention 1966 (ILCC) Edition 2005 Regulation 23 Part 3 Annex 1
Requirements :
1. Side scuttles and windows, together with their glasses, deadlights and storm covers, if fitted, shall be of of an approved design and substantial contruction. Non metalic frames are not acceptable
2. Different between side scuttles and window
a. Side Scuttes are defined as being round or oval. While, window are defined as being rectangular, round or oval.
b. Side scuttles openings with an are not exceeding 0.16 m2. While, window opening with an area exceeding 0.16 m2. Means, if the opening diameter exceeding 0.45 m (use formula A = ¼ D2), we can ensure that is window, not side scuttles
3. Sides cuttles to the following spaces shall be fitted with hinged inside deadlights : a. Space below freeboard deck
b. Space within the first tier of enclosed superstructures
c. First tier deckhouses on the freeboard deck protecting openings leading below or considered buoyant in stability calculation
4. Deadlights shall be capable of being closed and secured watertight if fitted below the freeboard deck and weathertight if fitted above.
5. Windows shall not be fitted in the following locations : a. Below the freeboard deck
b. In the first tier and bulkhead or sides of enclosed superstructures
(58)
7. Sidescuttles and windows at the side shell in the second tier shall be provided with hinged inside deadlights capable of being closed and secured weathertight if the superstructure protect direct access to an opening leading below or is considered buoyant in the stability calculation
8. Fixed or opening skylights shall have a glass thickness appropriate to their size and position as required for sidescuttles and window. Skylight glasses in any position shall be protected from mechanical damage and where fitted in position 1 or 2, shall be provided with permanently attached deadlights or storm covers
Figure 43 : Side Scuttles (Left) and Window (Right)
3.12.7 Protection of Crew
Base on International Load Line Convention 1966 (ILCC) Edition 2005 Regulation 25 and 26 Part 2
Requirements :
1. Function : for to protect all exposed parts of the freeboard and superstructure decks. 2. Type : bulkwark and chain guard with stretching tumbucklet
3. The height of protection of the crew from the deck : a. Bulkwark : at least 1 m (39 ½ inches)
b. Chain guard : at least 1 m. The opening below the lowest course of the guard rails shall not exceed 230 mm (9 inches). The other courses shall be not more than 380 mm (15 inches).
(59)
Figure 44 : Chain Guard With Stretching Tumbucklet (Left) and Chain Guard (Right
Figure 45 : Bulwark
3.12.8 Freeing Ports
Base on International Load Line Convention 1966 (ILCC) Edition 2005 Regulation 24
Requirements :
1. Position : The function of freeing port as a discharge of water that is above the deck so as not to add weight of the ship (Load Line Case). Where bulwarks on the weather portions of freeboard or superstructure decks form wells, ample provision shall be made rapidly freeing the decks of water and for draining them. Freeing port is installed each side ship. 2. Formula
(60)
3.12.9 Doorways
Base on International Load Line Convention 1966 (ILCC) Edition 2005 Regulation 12, 17, and 18
Requirements :
1. Position : All access opening in bulkhead at ends of enclosed superstructures shall be fitted with doors of steel or other equivalent material, permanently and strongly attached to the bulkhead, and framed, stiffened, and fitted so that the whole structure is of equivalent strength to the unpierced bulkhead and weathertight when closed. The means for securing these doors weathertight shall consist of gaskets and clamping devices or other equivalent mean and shall be permanently attached to the bulkhead or to the doors themselves, and the doors shall be so arranged that they can be operated from both sides of the bulkhead
2. Height of the sills of access opening in bulkheads at ends of enclosed superstructures shall be at least 380 mm above the deck.
3. Minimum required door sill height
(61)
Additional :
Surveyor also should be to record about number and size openings, closing appliances (type of material and number of dogs)
Figure 48 : Doors
3.12.10 Machinery Space Openings
Base on International Load Line Convention 1966 (ILCC) Edition 2005 Regulation 17
Requirements :
1. Machinery Space Openings in position 1 or 2 shall be properly framed and efficiently enclosed by steel casing of sufficient strength, permanently and weathertigh.
2. Access openings in such casings shall be fitted with doors, the sills of doors shall be at least below :
600 mm above the deck for position 1 380 mm above the deck for position 2
3. Coamings of any fiddley, funnel or machinery space ventilator in an exposed position on the freeboard or superstructure deck shall be as high above the deck as is reasonable, particable, fitted with strong covers of steel or other equivalent material, permanently, and secured weathertight.
3.12.11 Deck Line
Base on International Load Line Convention 1966 (ILCC) Edition 2005 Regulation 4
(62)
1) Position : shall be marked amidhsip on each of the ship, and its upper edge shall normally pass through the point where the continuation outward of the upper surface of the freeboard deck intersects the outer surface of the shell.
2) Size : for horizontal line 300 mm in length and 25 mm in breadth.
Figure 49 : Deck Line
3.12.12 Load Line Mark
Base on International Load Line Convention 1966 (ILCC) Edition 2005 Regulation 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9
Requirements :
1. Size : as ilustrated in figure 2 below
Figure 50 : Load Line Mark
2. Position : The centre of the ring shall be placed a midship and at a distance equal to the assigned summer freeboard measured vertically below the upper edge of the deck line.
(63)
S = Summer Load Line W = Winter Load Line
WNA = Winter North Atlantic Load Line T = Tropical Load Line
F = Fresh Water Load Line
TF = Tropical Fresh Water Load Line
4. If the characteristic of a ship or the nature of the ship's service only the Fresh Water Load Line and the Winter North Atlantic Load Line, then the other load lines may be omitted. Likewise for other conditions.
Figure 51 : Load Line Mark on Sailing Ships And Lines To Be Used With This Mark
5. Where Winter North Atlantic Load Line is identical with the Winter Load Line corresponding to the same vertical line, this load line shall marked W.
6. The mark of the authority by whom the load lines are assigned may be indicated alongside the load line ring above the horizontal line which passes through the centre of the ring, or above and below it. This mark shall consist of not more than four initials to identify the authority's name, each measuring approximately 115 mm in height and 75 mm in width.
(64)
Figure 52 : The Size of Load Line Ring
7. The ring, lines and letters shall be painted in white or yellow on a dark ground or in black on a light ground. They shall also be permanently marked on the sides of the ships to the satisfaction of the administration.
Figure 53 : The Colour of Concurrent Load Line Mark Type
8. Certificates will not be issued before the surveyor to ensure that the marks are correctly and permanently indicated on the ship's sides.
3.12.13 Scupper, Inlets, and Discharges
Base on International Load Line Convention 1966 (ILCC) Edition 2005 Regulation 22
Requirements :
1. Discharges led through the shell either from spaces below the freeboard deck or from within superstructures and deckhouses on the freeboard deck fitted with doors, accessible means for preventing water from passing inboard.
2. Each scupper equipped with one automatic non return valve with closing system it from a
position above the freeboard deck.
3. Except poin 1, Scupper must be equipped automatic return valves without closing system
with additional requiremenst :
a) 2 (two) automatic return valves without closing system if the vertical distance from
the summer load waterline to the inboard end of the discharge pipe exceeds 0,01 L. b) Single automatic return valves without closing system if the vertical distance from
the summer load waterline to the inboard end of the discharge pipe exceeds 0,02 L. c) Valve always accessible for examination under service condition.
(65)
Figure 54 : Scupper
4. In manned machinery spaces, main and auxiliary sea inlets and discharges in connection
with the operation of machinery may be controlled locally. The controls shall be readily accessible and shall be provided with indicators showing whether the valves are open or closed.
5. Scupper and discharge pipes originating at any level and penetrating the shell either more than 450 mm below the freeboard deck or less than 600 mm above the summer load waterline shall be provided with a non return valve at the shell.
6. Scuppers leading from superstructure or deckhouses not fitted with doors.
7. All valves and shell fitting required by this regulation shall be of steel, bronze or other approved ductile material. valves of ordinary cast iron or similar material are not acceptable.
3.13. FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM 3.13.1 Reference
Base On ABS Rules Part 5 Specialized Service Chapter 4 Fire Fighting 3.13.2 Class Notation
Of these Rules, the classification A1 Offshore Support Vessel (FFV 1) will be assigned to vessels with water spray protection for cooling the Fire Fighting Vessel’s surfaces to enable close operation for early stages of fire fighting and rescue operations, with capabilities in accordance with 5-4-1/Table 1
3.13.3 Application
The requirements apply to vessels intended for unrestricted service which are primarily engaged in fire fighting operations on offshore installations. The following special items related to fire fighting operations are covered under the classification:
(66)
2. Vessel’s stability and its ability to maintain station while fire fighting monitors are in full operation
3. The degree of vessel’s self-protection against external fires 3.13.4 Fire Fighting Data
1. Fire-Fighting Equipment Plan, including locations of the fire pumps sea chests, fire pumps, fire mains, fire monitors, hydrants, hoses, nozzles, water-spray systems configuration, air compressor and firemen outfits.
i. Technical details of fire pumps and monitors, including the capacity, range and water jet reaction of the monitors’, as well as water-spray system capacity data (when fitted).
ii. Details of high pressure air compressor required for filling cylinders of air breathing apparatus, including purity specifications.
iii. Foundations for fire-fighting pumps, their prime movers and the water monitors iv. Sea chest arrangements for fire-fighting systems.
v. Remote and local control arrangements for water monitors.
vi. For FFV 1 only: Water-spray piping systems, including location of nozzles, pumps and valves, with system corrosion protection and draining arrangements. vii. For FFV 2 or 3: Details of foam generators and their capacity.
viii. For FFV 3: Foam monitor arrangements, capacity and supports, including remote and local control arrangement for the foam monitors.
ix. Data indicating that the vessel will be capable of carrying sufficient fuel oil for continuous fire fighting operation and propulsion operation with all fixed water monitors in use at the maximum required capacity for not less than:
24 hours : FFV 1 96 hours : FFV 2 or 3
x. Verification that the water monitor range, required by 5-4-1/Table 1, is not less than :
120 meters (394 feet): FFV 1 150 meters (492 feet): FFV 2 or 3
3.13.5 Minimum Requirement for Fire Fighting 1, 2, and 3
(67)
3.13.6 Equipments A. Searchlights Amount : 2 (two)
Function : To facilitate effective fire fighting operations at night.
Details : The searchlights are to be capable of providing an effective horizontal and vertical range of coverage and are to provide an illumination to a distance of 250 m (820 ft) in clear air at a minimum level of illumination of 50 lux within an area of not less than 11 m (36 ft) diameter.
Figure 55 : Searchlights
B. Air Recharging Compressor
Function : an air compressor capable of recharging the air bottles used in breathing apparatus Time For Recharging : not exceeding 30 minutes for all of the air bottles of the fireman’s outfit
(1)
longitudinal strength or local strength – how numerous or concntrated – part crop and renew, and/or reinforce with tripping brackets, chocks or rider plates
Over 125 mm depth Repair – release and fair or part crop and renew
3.22.4 Result and Conclusion of Survey
Specifically for barge, inspection focused only on the construction conditions (such as web frames, side girder, longitudinal deck beam, etc) and the condition of plates (thickness and deformation) by considering the Table 1 and Table 2. Base on the result of survey, all construction elements and plate deformation and buckling, must be replaced because it was not in accordance with requirements.
Figure 110 : Construction Condition Prospaq 27A
(2)
CHAPTER IV CLOSING
4.1 Conclusion
Internship in ABS is very usefull for to increase our knowledge. Many lesson can we take either direct, interview, and library research (Rules, Guide and Statutory).
During internship course, the item survey i get is Air Testing, Visual Inspectioal Based On Approval Drawing, Underwater Inspection In Lieu of Drydocking (UWILD), Annual Survey For Barge, Special Survey For Barge, Inspection for application of MARPOL ANNEX VI about Air Pollution From Ships, Vacuum Test For Ship Repair, Bollard Pull Test, Load Line Survey, Fire Fighting, Anchor Handling, and Tug Supply, Insulation, Radiographic Test, Sea Trial, Commisioning For Sewage Tank, Hydrostatic For Pipe Class I before installation onboard, David Load Test, Welding Inspection (Visual) for Jack Up Rig Leg, Hose Test, Welding and Fabrication Section 1 Hull Construction, Classfication of Machinery
Thus we can conclude for Internship in American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), but we are aware that there are still many things that we can not get but what we can at this time can be usefull for us in the future.
4.2 Suggestion
1. Naval Architecture students should have focused read the IACS rules, MARPOL, SOLAS, IMDG Code, ILCC 1966, and COLREG.
2. Naval Architecture students already have to know the material to be learned in the field.
(3)
(4)
NAVAL ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT PROCEDURES
INTERSHIP COURSE PROCEDURES
NO. DOK: TP.FT.SOP. LAB.SGP
PAGE : 1 OF 25
2015 REV 01
THE RESULT OF INTERNSHIP REPORT
Description / Activity Summary Day Location
1) Study literature about Statutory (SOLAS, MARPOL, LOAD LINE, and IMDG CODE)
Monday, 27 July 2015 ABS Office
2) Safety Induction and Internship
Briefing Tuesday, 28 July 2015
ABS Office
3) Summarize rules Part 2 Chapter 4 About Welding and Fabrication Section 1 Hull Construction
4) Summarize rules IACS No. 47
Wednesday, 29 July 2015
ABS Office
5) Summarize rules Part 4 Chapter 4
About Classification of Machinery Thursday, 30 July 2015
ABS Office
6) Summarize rules Part 4 Chapter 4 About Testing, Trial, and Survey During Construction
Friday, 31 July 2015 ABS Office
7) Air test on WB/DW Tank No. 9 (P) Monday, 03 August
2015
PT Jaya Asiatic Shipyard 8) Visual Inspection in Propulsion
Room
Tuesday, 04 August 2015
PT Jaya Asiatic Shipyard 9) Underwater Inspection in Lieu of
Drydocking (UWILD)
Wednesday, 05 August 2015
PT Jaya Asiatic Shipyard 10)Hydrostatic Test of Pipe Class II
Before Installation Onboard
11)Fire Damper Check
Thursday, 06 August 2015
PT Jaya Asiatic Shipyard
(5)
12)Special Survey (SS1) for Barge Friday, 07 August 2015 PT Bina Nusa Indonesia Shipyard 13)Inspection for Application of
MARPOL ANNEX VI about Air Pollution From Ships
14)Vacuum Test on Ship Repair
Monday, 10 August
2015 PT Delta Shipyard
15)Bollard Pull Test Tuesday, 11 August
2015
PT Paxocean Pertama 16)Life Saving Appliance
17)Load Line Survey
Wednesday, 12 August 2015
PT Marcopolo Shipyard 18)Fire Fighting, Anchor Handling and
Tug Supply 19)Insulation Check
Thursday, 13 August 2015
PT Marcopolo Shipyard
20)Radiographic Test Friday, 14 August 2015 PT Marcopolo
Shipyard
21)Sea Trial Tuesday, 18 August
2015
PT Kim Sea Indonesia Shipyard 22)Hydrostatic Test of Pipe Class I
Before Installation Onboard
Wednesday, 19 August 2015
PT Graha Trisaka Industri 23)David Load Test
24)Welding Inspection (Visual Check) for Jack Up Rig Leg
Thursday, 20 August 2015
PT Garaha Trisaka Industri
26)David Brake Test Friday, 21 August 2015 PT Garaha Trisaka
Industri
27)Hose Test for Window and Hatchway
28)Air Test
Monday, 24 August 2015
PT Britoil Offshore Indonesia
29)Bollard Pull Test Tuesday, 26 August
2015
PT Bangun Adyabahan Perkasa
30)Safety Training Wednesday, 27 August
2015 ABS Office
(6)
Complete Internship Report 33)Presentation the All Item During