10 the story. The characteristics of a person are told directly and the readers
can understand the character.
h. Thoughts
The author gives knowledge to the reader of what a person is thinking about. The author describes the person‟s character through his or her mind.
From a person‟s mind, the reader might understand the character better.
i. Mannerism
Mannerism means the description of a person through mannerisms or habits. The author describes the social behavior of a person‟s character.
The author shows both positively and negatively about the habit of the character.
In this study, character and characterization‟s theory is used in analyzing Whiplash
movie. These theories will help the writer to find out the characteristics of Andrew Neiman. The finding will help the writer to analyze the motivating
factors of Andrew Neiman.
3. Theory of Motivation
The study needs theories of motivation as one of review literature. The theories could help answering the second problem formulation, which is analyzing
the motivation of Andrew Neiman in play the drums.
a. Definition of Motivation
Lahey 2009 states motivation refers to an internal state or conditions that active and gives direction to our thoughts, feelings, and actions. Motives are the
11 center of people live. The motive arouses and directs what people think, feel and
do. Then, he also mentioned that, external cues play an important role. In addition, Aiken 1969 says that motive refers to an inferred internal
state of the organism which arouses activity and directs the organism‟s behavior toward certain objects or conditions called goals. Since motives are always
inferred from behavior, it is circular reasoning to argue that motive explains the behavior from which it was inferred. It is in line with Jung 1978 states that
motivation refers to desires, wishes, plans, goals, intents, impulses, and purposes p.4.
b. Intrinsic Motivation
Ryan and Deci 1985 distinguish between the different types of motivation based on the different reasons or goals that give rise to an action. The
most basic distinction is between intrinsic motivation, which refers to doing something because it is inherently interesting or enjoyable. Intrinsic motivation is
defined as the doing to an activity for its inherent satisfactions rather than for some separable consequence.
A person who is intrinsically motivated will act for the fun or challenge entailed rather than external prods, pressures, or rewards. For human, intrinsic
motivation is not the only form of motivation, or even of volitional activity, but it is pervasive and important one. From birth onward, humans, in their healthiest
states, are active, inquisitive, curious, and playful creatures to learn and explore Ryan Deci, 2000.
12 Lahey 2009 says if intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is part of
psychological motives. Intrinsic motivation is stimulated of human motives that have natural consequences. Therefore, people are motivated by the inherent nature
of the activity, their pleasure, something new, or natural consequences of the activity.
c. Extrinsic Motivation
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