Types of Study Data Source

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the methodology applied in the study. It covers four parts, namely Types of Study, Data Source, Data Collection, and Data Analysis. The type of the study elucidates the kind of the study conducted in the research. The data source consists of the main source of the data as the object of the study. The data collection covers the way the data is collected and processed in the research. The data analysis comprises the steps taken to answer the questions posed in Chapter I.

A. Types of Study

This research is a pragmatic study. Thomas proposes that pragmatics is the study of ‘meaning in interaction’ involving the negotiation of meaning between speaker and hearer, the context of utterance physical, social, and linguistic and the meaning potential of an utterance quoted in Cameron 68. The study describes the language use in gaining respect and obedience in adult – children communication, especially in parents – children interaction. The discussion is on the types of sentences, mood, and communicative function of the utterances. Further, it discusses the nonconventional strategies employed in the process of gaining children’s respect and obedience.

B. Data Source

The data source was the recording of the reality show Nanny 911 . Nanny 911 is a reality television show focusing on child parenting. It was broadcasted by the 31 FOX television and also many other parts of the worlds. The duration of each episode is 60 minutes included the commercial breaks. In Indonesia the series were broadcasted by Metro TV. Nanny 911 was an adaptation of an English serial entitled Little Angels , a film of an American family with unruly children who were reformed by British Nannies who formerly served the Royal families. In Nanny 911, different nannies were on duties for different issues in different families. In each episode, the Head Nanny Lilian Sperling decides which nanny is suitable to help solve the family problem. For example, Nanny Deborah Carrol is good in dealing with discipline, Nanny Stella Reid is expert to form routines and family system. An episode of Nanny 911 begins with the pictures of some families with unmanaged children, follows by the introduction of the parents, the children and the unaccepted behavior of the children. One of the nannies then is sent by The Head Nanny Lilian Sperling to the family. The supervision of the nanny in the family lasts for one week. On the first day, the nanny observes the family and takes notes on the behavior of each member of the family. At the end of the day, the nanny, mother, and father discuss the family issues on the nanny’s perspective. In the morning, the nanny already prepares the family rules to overcome the problems of the family. In some episodes, at the first days there are party who does not willing to follow the rule. They can be the father, mother, or the children. This makes the nanny force the family to follow the rule. After they follow the rule, the family is able to solve with their problem of behavior and pictured as 32 being happier. On the last day, the nanny says good bye to the family and gives them presents or gifts. The data taken was limited to Season 1 of Nanny 911 produced in the year 2004. It was taken because the study was about respect and obedience in children – adult communication and the TV show contained the examples of interactions between children – adult which shows respect and obedience. It represented the various nannies and families, also the differences of utterances between the obeyed and the disobeyed. The nannies presented in the series were Nanny Deborah Carrol, Nanny Stella Reid, and Nanny Ivonne Finnerty. Seventeen families were presented in Season 1, they were The Rock Family , The Johnston Family , The Paul Family , The Mccray Family , The Mckelvain Family , The Mcroberts Family , The Lorimor Family , The Priore Family , The Sterneman Family , The Finck Family , The Dunleavy Family , The Cubbison Family , The King Family , The Amico Family , The Lawrence Family , The Dickson Family , and The Silcock Family . C. Data Collection The data of this study were taken from the discourses between adult and children in the Season 1 of Nanny 911 . There were some steps done to gather the data. First was to watch the show carefully to consider which part of the show that involved adult-children communication which demanded the children’s respect and obedience. Second was to transcribe the discourses. Third was to classify which discourses show the children’s respect and obedience and which discourses were not. 33 Examples of the data were shown below. After watching the episode of The Finck Family, choosing the scenes that contain conversations which demand respect and obedience, the writer transcribed the discourses. The first was a conversation between Nanny Deb and Catherine, a child of The Finck Family, when suddenly Catherine cried because she wanted to have her mommy’s timer and her mommy did not want her to have it. The setting was the living room. Nanny Deb : Excuse me, Catherine. You need to use your word, you have a wonderful word. Take your breath. You are doing a good job. You are just upset, tell me why? Catherine : I want that…. Nanny Deb : You want the timer? OK. Look, mommy took the timer away because she does not want you to have it. But we are not whining any more. Do you need to have sometime in your room or would you like to play with your sisters downstairs? Catherine : Play downstairs… Nanny Deb : OK. The second conversation was between Mrs. Finck and her son, David, who cried and would not stop crying when his mother told him to. The setting was the living room. Mommy : No kicking, David David keeps on kicking David : No….. Mommy : Say I’m sorry for using bad words, Mommy. David : No….. Mommy : Then this is going bye bye. I’m taking it away. David : No…. crying Mommy : You want me to give it to you back? No more bad words. giving the toy to David The number of data taken was 140 utterances. The utterances then were classified according to the responds of the hearer whether it was positively responded or obeyed, or negatively responded or disobeyed. Each utterance was given the code according to the number of the episodes. The numbers of the episodes in the series were 1 The Rock Family, 2 The Johnston Family, 3 The Paul Family, 4 The 34 McCray Family, 5 The McKelvain Family, 6The McRoberts Family, 7The Lorimor Family, 8 The Priore Family, 9 The Sterneman Family, 10 The Finck Family, 11 The Cubbison Family, 12 The Dunleavy Family, 13 The King Family, 14 The Amico Family, 15 The Lawrence Family, 16 The Dickson Family, and 17 The Silcock Family A discourse was then divided into each turn of the conversation. For instance Mommy’s utterance and David’s response was considered as one turn then coded as a . Mommy’s utterance was then coded as 1 and David’s respond was coded as 2. The table below shows the illustration of the coding. The next step was to classify the discourses that gained the children’s respect and obedience and those that did not. It was seen from the children’s responses whether they give positive or negative responses. Positive responses meant that the children voluntarily followed the adults saying without any resistance, whereas negative responses were whether the children resisted the adult saying or follow them with resistance. For example, the utterance 10.a.1 was classified as Participants Utterance Code Mommy No kicking, David 10.a.1 David: No ….. Da id keeps o ki ki g and crying 10.a.2 Mommy Say I’ sorry for usi g ad ords, Mo y. 10.b.1 Da id: No….. crying 10.b.2 Mommy Then this is goin bye bye. 10.c.1 I’ taki g it a ay. 10.c.2 Da id: No…. ryi g 10.c.3 Mommy You want me to give it to you back? 10.d.1 No more bad words. giving the toy to David 10.d.2 35 having negative response. David answered No to his mother’s order to stop kicking, he also still kept on kicking and crying despite his mother’s order.

D. Data Analysis