19
2.4.1 Message form
Message form is a form of language that is used when participants have an interaction to others. It can be an informal, formal or casual language.
2.4.2 Message content
It is different from message form. It can be defined as a topic that is being talked by participants. The topic that is delivered by the participants contains the idea
that is able to determine the quality of a conversation.
2.4.3 Setting
An actual environment where the conversation takes place is called setting. For example, in a restaurant or in a house.
2.4.4 Scene
Hymes 1974:55 explains that ‘scene, which is distinct from setting, designates the physic “psychological setting” or the cultural definition of an occasion as a
certain type of scene’. From Hymes’ statement, it is known that setting is a psychological condition which influences the speech act. Scene can be a condition
of surprise, sad, or formal.
2.4.5 Participants
‘Speaker or sender, addressor, hearer or receiver, or audience and addressee or group are included as participants or subject of components of speech’ Hymes,
1974:56. In other words, participant can be defined as a subject or an actor who does the speech.
2.4.6 Purposes-outcome
20
In doing a conversation, a person has a purpose that wants to be accomplished. The result of the purpose is more important than its intention.
2.4.7 Purpose-goal
Purpose-goal can be explained as a motive that each participant has in reaching his own aim. The participants have different motives, although they expect the
same result.
2.4.8 Key
According to Hymes 1974:57, ‘key is introduced to provide for the tone, manner, or spirit in which an act is done. In addition, he says that ‘the signalling
of key may be nonverbal, as with a wink, gesture, posture, style of dress, musical accompaniment’.
2.4.9 Channels
There is an instrument to transfer an idea of a speaker. It is called channel. Hymes gives some examples of channel. He states that ‘by choice of channels is
understood choice of oral, written, telegraphic, semaphore, or other audience of transmission of speech’ 1974:57.
2.4.10 Norm of interaction
Kategori